CN114188716B - Microstrip planar antenna and antenna array - Google Patents
Microstrip planar antenna and antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN114188716B CN114188716B CN202210140401.1A CN202210140401A CN114188716B CN 114188716 B CN114188716 B CN 114188716B CN 202210140401 A CN202210140401 A CN 202210140401A CN 114188716 B CN114188716 B CN 114188716B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses a microstrip planar antenna and an antenna array, wherein the microstrip planar antenna comprises a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer, a coupling gap and a microstrip circuit are arranged in the feed medium layer, and the outer side of the microstrip circuit is surrounded by a metal isolation column inserted pile; the radiation medium layer is provided with a radiation patch group and a parasitic patch group, the radiation medium layer is internally provided with a middle short circuit component, the parasitic patch group comprises two second parasitic patches which are respectively arranged at two sides of the radiation medium layer, the radiation patch group and the microstrip circuit are positioned between the two second parasitic patches, and the second parasitic patches are connected with a side short circuit component. The invention realizes the radiation performance of broadband, wide beam and high gain, meets the application requirements of low section and miniaturization of communication and detection antennas, can realize the full coverage of airspace by installing a plurality of microstrip planar antennas, and does not influence the radiation scanning performance of the phased array antenna array of the installation platform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a microstrip planar antenna and an antenna array.
Background
The phased array antenna is widely applied to the fields of mobile communication, target recognition, remote measurement and remote sensing and the like, and an application and installation platform of the phased array antenna is airborne, vehicle-mounted, ship-mounted and the like. There are typically a number of different antenna devices for different purposes on the mounting platform, such as phased array antennas for satellite communications and antenna elements for internal communications within the mounting platform. In recent years, microstrip antennas are applied to communication systems due to the characteristics of simple and reliable structure and light weight, and meanwhile, the function of the communication system of the mounting platform also puts forward corresponding requirements on the performance of the antennas, namely, antennas with different functions are required to be designed conformally better for better integration and miniaturization, higher mechanical strength is ensured, the working efficiency of the antennas cannot be too low, and the wide beam characteristic of an antenna unit is also an urgent need performance in order to ensure that a communication area can be effectively covered.
Most installation platforms are equipped with communication type phased array antennas or detection target type phased array antennas, which are usually installed in the middle area of the platform due to the larger volume, and antenna units for internal communication or other purposes are installed in the edge area of the phased array antennas. Thus, the asymmetric installation environment may cause the radiation pattern of the antenna element to be distorted, and in severe cases, may cause the antenna device to fail.
A wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna is introduced in an article S-band wide-beam circularly polarized antenna design (from the journal of terahertz science and electronic information, 8.2017, 4 th stage, volume 15, article number 2095-. But the problem that the wide beam characteristic is distorted due to the installation environment when the phased array antenna and the independent antenna unit are designed in a conformal mode is not solved.
"CN 113690595A" discloses a wide beam antenna and a phased array for wireless communication, and the same patent does not consider the scenario of using a combination of multiple antennas with different functions and does not solve the influence of the installation environment on the wide beam characteristics.
The 'CN 110943295A' discloses a multi-beam antenna array and an antenna array decoupling method for wireless communication, which improve the beam isolation between two radiating elements by arranging a metal sheet between the two radiating elements, the scheme mainly solves the problem of polarization isolation between two independent beam antennas, does not provide a wide beam antenna scheme and a measure for preventing beam width distortion, and the decoupling metal sheet can increase the height of a planar microstrip antenna and cannot be designed conformally.
Therefore, the existing microstrip planar antenna unit still has a part to be improved urgently, and the structure of the microstrip planar antenna and the antenna array needs to be optimized and improved so as to achieve more reliable antenna detection performance; and the whole volume and the weight of the antenna can be reduced, and the antenna is convenient to install and use. Therefore, a more reasonable technical scheme needs to be provided to solve the technical problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a microstrip planar antenna and an antenna array, wherein the microstrip planar antenna has the characteristics of broadband, high gain and wide beam performance, and also has the characteristics of low profile and light weight, and is easy to be installed in a conformal manner on the surface of an installation platform, and can overcome far-field pattern distortion caused by a complex installation environment, thereby being suitable for the application requirements of highly integrated and simultaneous use of multiple functional antennas and antenna arrays in the platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the technical scheme that:
a microstrip planar antenna comprises a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer, wherein a coupling gap and a microstrip circuit for coupling radio frequency signals are arranged in the feed medium layer, the outer sides of the coupling gap and the microstrip circuit are surrounded by a plurality of metal isolation column inserting piles, and metal isolation columns are embedded in the feed medium layer; the radiation medium layer is provided with a first radiation patch group and a second radiation patch group which are respectively arranged in a rotational symmetry mode, and the rotational center of the first radiation patch group and the rotational center of the second radiation patch group are longitudinally superposed with the center of the coupling gap; a middle short circuit assembly is arranged in the radiation medium layer, is connected with the ground in the radiation medium layer and is correspondingly matched with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group; the radiation medium layer is also provided with a first parasitic patch group and a second parasitic patch group, the second parasitic patch group comprises two second parasitic patches which are respectively arranged on two sides of the radiation medium layer, the first radiation patch group, the second radiation patch group and the microstrip circuit are positioned between the two second parasitic patches, and the second parasitic patches are connected with the lateral short circuit component.
The microstrip planar antenna disclosed above comprises an antenna main body composed of a feed dielectric layer, a radiation dielectric layer and each component, wherein a radio-frequency signal is transmitted through a microstrip circuit and coupled to the radiation dielectric layer to realize the outward emission of the signal, a coaxial feed point is arranged on the feed dielectric layer, and the microstrip circuit is connected with the coaxial feed point and transmits the radio-frequency signal. The first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group on the radiation medium layer reduce the area of the patch groups, so that the effective radiation area is smaller, the formed beam width is wider, and the radiation gain is not reduced too much after the beams are spatially synthesized; the first parasitic patch group and the second parasitic patch group are matched with the lateral short circuit component to form a fence structure, so that the radiation angle of signals can be limited, and the beam width of the microstrip antenna can be improved.
In the invention, the adopted side short circuit component is a metal short circuit column, the upper end of the metal short circuit column is connected with the parasitic patch set, and the lower end of the metal short circuit column is connected with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer.
In the invention, the adopted middle short circuit components can adopt metal short circuit columns, each group of middle short circuit components adopts three metal short circuit columns and is arranged according to a triangular position, the upper ends of the metal short circuit columns are connected with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group, and the lower ends of the metal short circuit columns penetrate through the whole radiation medium layer and are connected with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer in a ground mode.
The metal isolation column is arranged in a surrounding mode through the inserted pile, the coupling gap is isolated from the microstrip circuit, the effect of the metal isolation column is that radio-frequency signals in the feed dielectric layer are isolated, and the isolation degree of the microstrip antenna is increased.
The microstrip planar antenna disclosed by the invention is usually installed at the edge of an array antenna, the original radiation pattern is often distorted due to consideration of the difference of actual installation environments, a concave area is formed on the pattern, a first parasitic patch group is added on a microstrip antenna radiation layer, and the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna can be improved by adjusting the size and the position of the parasitic patch group.
Further, in the present invention, the composition structure of the radiation medium layer is not limited, and it can be constructed in various possible structures, and it is optimized and one of the possible options is: the radiating medium layer comprises three medium layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom, and the first radiating patch group, the second radiating patch group, the first parasitic patch group and the second parasitic patch group are all arranged on the upper surface of the uppermost medium layer. When the scheme is adopted, the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer from top to bottom are smaller than that of the third dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer is used for contacting and matching with the feed dielectric layer and correspondingly matching with the coupling slot and the microstrip circuit. Meanwhile, the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer can be made of a low-loss glass fiber cloth material TLY-5, and the second dielectric layer can be made of a low-loss prepreg FR-27.
Furthermore, the middle short-circuit component arranged in the invention has the functions of prolonging the effective transmission path of the antenna current, reducing the working frequency of the microstrip antenna and reducing the size of the antenna; the structure of the middle short-circuiting assembly is not limited only and can be constructed in various forms, optimized here and one of the possible options: the middle short circuit component comprises two groups of middle metal short circuit columns which are rotationally symmetrical, the upper ends of the middle metal short circuit columns are connected with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group, the lower ends of the middle metal short circuit columns extend to the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer, and the middle metal short circuit columns connect the first radiation patch group with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer in a ground mode or connect the second radiation patch group with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer in a ground mode. When the scheme is adopted, the number of the middle metal columns can be set to be three, and the three middle metal columns are arranged according to the triangular positions and are arranged on the maximum enveloping periphery of the metal isolation column.
Further, the structure of the feeding dielectric layer is not limited only, and can be constructed in various forms, and the following feasible options are provided by optimizing and improving the structure: the feed dielectric layer comprises three dielectric layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom, the coupling gap is arranged on the uppermost dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer, and the microstrip circuit is arranged on the middle dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer; the lower surface of the radiation medium layer is provided with an inwards concave air cavity corresponding to the coupling gap, the coupling gap is positioned in the air cavity after the feed medium layer is matched with the radiation medium layer, and an air gap is reserved between the top surface of the coupling gap and the bottom in the air cavity. When the scheme is adopted, the feed dielectric layer adopts a low-loss microwave circuit material matched with a low-loss hot-pressing prepreg, wherein the first dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer are made of a low-loss glass fiber cloth material TLY-5, and the second dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer adopts a low-loss prepreg FR-27. The air cavity has the effects of reducing the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna dielectric substrate, expanding the standing wave broadband of the microstrip antenna and improving the radiation gain performance of the microstrip antenna.
Still further, in order to promote the coupling and transmission of radio frequency signals, the invention optimizes and improves the structure of the feed dielectric layer, which is to mention one of the feasible options: the geometric center of the coupling slot and the rotational symmetry center of the first radiating patch group and the second radiating patch group are longitudinally coincident. When the scheme is adopted, the radio-frequency signals are transmitted through the micro-strip circuit and then coupled through the coupling gap to the radiation medium layer, the shape of the coupling gap can be selected from various forms such as a shape in a Chinese character 'yi', a cross shape, a dish shape and the like, and the optimal value of the standing wave bandwidth of the micro-strip antenna can be obtained by adjusting the length and the width of the coupling gap.
Furthermore, in the invention, the air cavity is arranged in the lowest medium layer of the radiation medium layer, the depth of the air cavity is less than half of the thickness of the medium layer, the geometric center of the air cavity is superposed with the geometric center of the coupling gap, and the size of the air cavity is larger than the maximum outer envelope of the coupling gap. When the scheme is adopted, the air cavity with a certain size and height can effectively reduce the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna dielectric substrate, and improve the radiation gain performance of the microstrip antenna while expanding the standing wave broadband of the microstrip antenna. The arrangement mode of the air cavity is generally realized by slotting on the radiation medium layer.
Further, in the present invention, the arrangement of the radiation patch is not limited, and the following possible options are optimized and presented here: the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group respectively comprise two radiation patches, and the radiation patches are subjected to corner cutting treatment to form a rectangular structure and/or an L-shaped structure. When the scheme is adopted, the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group form 4 different radiation patches, the purpose of widening antenna beams is achieved by reducing radiation apertures, and meanwhile, radiation beams of the radiation patches are superposed in space, so that widening of the radiation beams is further achieved.
The microstrip plane antenna disclosed above forms a microstrip circuit by the strip feed line and the coaxial feed point on the feed dielectric layer, the whole shape of the strip line feed line is cross-shaped, wherein the longer line is a signal transmission line connected with the radio frequency coaxial connector at the coaxial feed point end, and the shorter branch and knot play the role of impedance matching and frequency tuning. The radio frequency signal is transmitted to a strip line transmission line through a radio frequency coaxial structure, is coupled to a metal radiation patch on the upper surface of a microstrip antenna radiation medium layer through a coupling gap after tuning and matching of the strip line, and finally completes radiation of radio frequency energy after being loaded and adjusted through a parasitic patch on a radiation layer and a short circuit line.
The above description describes the microstrip planar antenna in the present invention, and the present invention discloses not only the above microstrip planar antenna, but also an array using the above antenna, and the following description specifically describes:
a microstrip antenna array comprises the microstrip planar antenna described in the above, and comprises an installation carrier plate, wherein the microstrip planar antenna is arranged on the installation carrier plate, a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer of the microstrip planar antenna extend outwards to form an array part, a plurality of array antenna units are arranged on the array part, the outer sides of the array antenna units are surrounded by metal shielding column inserting piles, and the array antenna units and the microstrip planar antenna of the array part can independently complete radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting; and a plurality of signal reflection adjusting pieces are also arranged in the area where the array antenna unit is not arranged on the mounting carrier plate.
Further, in the present invention, considering that the microstrip planar antenna is often disposed at the edge of the antenna array in the practical application environment, the whole antenna array is not a regular symmetric array, and specifically, the optimization is performed here and some feasible array forms are shown: the structure of the mounting carrier plate comprises a triangle, the array antenna units are arranged in the array part according to a straight line or an L shape, and the array antenna units are arrayed in the plane range of 90-360 degrees around the microstrip planar antenna. When the scheme is adopted, the mounting support plate of a right triangle can be adopted, the microstrip planar antenna is arranged at the bevel edge close to the mounting support plate, and the array antenna units are arranged in an array mode along two right-angle edges of the microstrip planar antenna.
Still further, in the present invention, the signal reflection adjusting element reflects the radio frequency signal to ensure the overall radiation performance of the antenna array, and the signal reflection adjusting element is used to achieve the purpose. When the scheme is adopted, the reflection effect of metal on electromagnetic waves is utilized, part of radiation energy of the microstrip antenna can be reflected to one side deviated from the signal reflection adjusting piece, and meanwhile, the position and the size of the first parasitic patch on the microstrip plane antenna are adjusted, so that the directional diagram symmetry of the microstrip plane antenna in the pitching direction can be improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the microstrip plane antenna disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the structure of the antenna is improved to achieve smaller volume and weight, the radiation performance of broadband, wide beam and high gain is realized, the integrated conformal design of the microstrip plane antenna and the phased array antenna array meets the application requirements of low profile and miniaturization, the full coverage of an airspace can be realized by installing a plurality of microstrip plane antennas at the edge position of the structure of the phased array antenna array with the main functions of the platform, and the radiation scanning performance of the phased array antenna array of the platform can not be influenced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of a microstrip planar antenna.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the microstrip planar antenna when viewed from the side.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array.
Fig. 4 is another schematic structure of an antenna array.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of antenna array reflection coefficients.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of antenna array directions.
In the above drawings, the meaning of each symbol is: 11. a first parasitic patch; 12. a second radiating patch; 13. a first radiating patch; 14. a second parasitic patch; 15. a side shorting assembly; 16. a coupling gap; 17. a metal isolation column; 18. a microstrip circuit; 19. a radio frequency coaxial structure; 20. a middle short circuit assembly; 21. an air chamber; 22. a first dielectric layer; 23. a second dielectric layer; 24. a third dielectric layer; 25. a fourth dielectric layer; 26. a fifth dielectric layer; 27. a sixth dielectric layer; 31. a microstrip planar antenna; 32. a metal shielding post; 33. an array antenna unit; 34. mounting a carrier plate; 35. a signal reflection adjustment member.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely illustrative of example embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the embodiment is optimized to provide an improved microstrip planar antenna, and the defects in the prior art are overcome.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment discloses a microstrip planar antenna 31, which includes a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer, a coupling slot 16 and a microstrip circuit 18 are disposed in the feed medium layer, the outsides of the coupling slot 16 and the microstrip circuit 18 are surrounded by a plurality of metal isolation posts 17, and the metal isolation posts 17 are embedded in the feed medium layer; the radiation medium layer is provided with a first radiation patch group and a second radiation patch group which are respectively arranged in a rotational symmetry mode, and the rotational center of the first radiation patch group and the rotational center of the second radiation patch group are longitudinally overlapped with the center of the coupling gap 16; a middle short-circuit component 20 is arranged in the radiation medium layer, and the middle short-circuit component 20 is connected with the ground in the radiation medium layer and correspondingly matched with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group; the radiation medium layer is further provided with a first parasitic patch group and a second parasitic patch group, the second parasitic patch group comprises two second parasitic patches 14 respectively arranged on two sides of the radiation medium layer, the first radiation patch group, the second radiation patch group and the microstrip circuit 18 are located between the two second parasitic patches 14, and the second parasitic patches 14 are connected with the side short circuit component 15.
The microstrip planar antenna 31 disclosed above constitutes an antenna main body by a feed dielectric layer, a radiation dielectric layer and each component, a radio frequency signal is transmitted by the microstrip circuit 18 and coupled to the radiation dielectric layer to realize external transmission of the signal, a coaxial feed point is provided on the feed dielectric layer, and the microstrip circuit 18 connects the coaxial feed point and transmits the radio frequency signal. The first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group on the radiation medium layer reduce the area of the patch groups, so that the effective radiation area is smaller, the formed beam width is wider, and the radiation gain is not reduced too much after the beams are spatially synthesized; the first parasitic patch group and the second parasitic patch group are matched with the lateral short circuit component 15 to form a fence structure, so that the radiation angle of signals can be limited, and the beam width of the microstrip antenna can be improved.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the side short-circuit component 15 is a metal short-circuit column, the upper end of the short-circuit column is connected to the parasitic patch set, and the lower end of the short-circuit column is connected to the lower surface of the radiation medium layer.
In this embodiment, the adopted middle short circuit component 20 may adopt metal short circuit posts, each group of middle short circuit components 20 adopts three metal short circuit posts and is arranged according to a triangular position, the upper end of each metal short circuit post is connected with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group, and the lower end of each metal short circuit post penetrates through the whole radiation medium layer and is connected with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer.
The coupling slot 16 and the microstrip circuit 18 are isolated by the surrounding arrangement of the inserted piles of the metal isolation columns 17, and the isolation effect is to isolate radio frequency signals in the feed dielectric layer and increase the isolation degree of the microstrip antenna.
The microstrip planar antenna 31 disclosed in this embodiment is usually installed at the edge of an array antenna, and considering the difference of actual installation environments, the original radiation pattern is often distorted, so that a concave region appears on the pattern, a first parasitic patch group is added to the microstrip antenna radiation layer, and the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the microstrip antenna can be improved by adjusting the size and the position of the parasitic patch group.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the first parasitic patch group includes a square first parasitic patch 11, and the first parasitic patch 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the radiation medium layer.
In the present embodiment, the composition structure of the radiation medium layer is not limited, and it may be constructed in various possible structures, and it is optimized and adopted one of the possible options: the radiating medium layers comprise three medium layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom and are respectively a first medium layer, a second medium layer, a third medium layer, and the first radiating patch group, the second radiating patch group, the first parasitic patch group and the second parasitic patch group are all arranged on the upper surface of the uppermost medium layer. When the scheme is adopted, the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer 22 and the second dielectric layer 23 from top to bottom are smaller than that of the third dielectric layer 24, and the third dielectric layer 24 is used for contacting and matching with the feed dielectric layer and correspondingly matching with the coupling slot 16 and the microstrip circuit 18. Meanwhile, the first dielectric layer 22 and the third dielectric layer 24 can be made of a low-loss glass fiber cloth material TLY-5, and the second dielectric layer 23 can be made of a low-loss prepreg FR-27.
The middle short-circuit component 20 provided in this embodiment is used to extend the effective transmission path of the antenna current, and thus, the working frequency of the microstrip antenna is reduced, and the size of the antenna is reduced; the structure of the middle short-circuiting assembly 20 is not limited only and can be constructed in various forms, optimized here and with one of the possible options: the middle short circuit component 20 includes two sets of metal short circuit posts, the upper ends of which are connected to the first radiation patch set or the second radiation patch set, and the lower ends of which extend to the radiation medium layer of the lowest layer, and the middle short circuit posts connect the first radiation patch set with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer of the lowest layer or connect the second radiation patch set with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer of the lowest layer. When the scheme is adopted, the number of the middle metal columns can be set to be three, and the three middle metal columns are arranged according to the triangular positions and are arranged on the maximum enveloping periphery of the metal isolation column 17.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the number of the middle short-circuit assemblies 20 is two, and the two sets of middle short-circuit assemblies 20 are symmetrically disposed at a set of diagonal positions outside the envelope of the air cavity 21.
In the present embodiment, the structure of the feeding dielectric layer is not limited, and may be configured in various forms, and the following feasible options are adopted by performing optimization and modification here: the feed dielectric layer comprises three layers of dielectric layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom, namely fourth to sixth dielectric layers, and the coupling gap 16 and the microstrip circuit 18 are arranged on the uppermost dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer; the microstrip circuit 18 is arranged in the middle medium layer of the feed medium layer; the lower surface of the radiation medium layer is provided with an inwards concave air cavity 21 corresponding to the coupling gap 16, the coupling gap 16 is positioned in the air cavity 21 after the feed medium layer is matched with the radiation medium layer, and an air gap is reserved between the top surface of the coupling gap 16 and the bottom in the air cavity 21. When the scheme is adopted, the feed dielectric layer is made of low-loss microwave circuit materials matched with low-loss hot-pressing prepregs, wherein the fourth dielectric layer 25 and the sixth dielectric layer 27 of the feed dielectric layer are made of low-loss glass fiber cloth materials TLY-5, and the fifth dielectric layer 26 of the feed dielectric layer is made of low-loss prepregs FR-27. The air cavity 21 has the functions of reducing the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna dielectric substrate, expanding the standing wave broadband of the microstrip antenna and improving the radiation gain performance of the microstrip antenna.
Preferably, the diameter of the metal isolation column 17 used in this embodiment is 0.3mm, and the metal isolation column 17 penetrates through the first dielectric layer 22, the second dielectric layer 23, and the third dielectric layer 24 of the feed dielectric layer. Meanwhile, the air cavity 21 is located in the lowest dielectric layer of the radiation dielectric layer, and after the radiation dielectric layer is matched with the feed dielectric layer, the air cavity 21 is correspondingly matched with the coupling slot 16 and the microstrip circuit 18.
In order to promote the coupling and transmission of radio frequency signals, the present embodiment performs an optimized improvement on the structure of the feed dielectric layer, and one of the feasible options is adopted here: the geometrical center of the coupling slot 16 and the center of rotation of the radiating patch coincide longitudinally. When the scheme is adopted, the radio-frequency signal is coupled by the coupling slot 16 and then transmitted to the radiation medium layer by the microstrip circuit 18, the coupling slot 16 is designed to be I-shaped, the length-width ratio of the slot symmetrical at the two ends of the I-shaped is 4.2, the length-width ratio of the slot in the middle of the I-shaped is 10, and the superior value of the standing wave bandwidth of the microstrip antenna can be obtained by adjusting the length and the width of the coupling slot 16.
In the present embodiment, since the air cavity 21 is disposed in the lowest dielectric layer of the radiation dielectric layers, the structure of the air cavity 21 needs to be defined, and specifically, the optimization is performed here and one of the feasible options is shown: the depth of the air cavity 21 is less than half of the thickness of the layer of dielectric layer, the geometric center of the air cavity 21 coincides with the geometric center of the coupling gap 16 and the size of the air cavity 21 is larger than the maximum outer envelope of the coupling gap 16, in particular 0.5mm larger than the maximum outer envelope of the coupling gap 16. When the scheme is adopted, the air cavity 21 with a certain size and height can effectively reduce the equivalent dielectric constant of the antenna dielectric substrate, expand the standing wave broadband of the microstrip antenna and simultaneously improve the radiation gain performance of the microstrip antenna. The air cavity 21 is generally formed by slotting the radiation medium layer.
In the present embodiment, the arrangement of the radiation patch is not limited, and the following one possible choice is used as the optimization: first radiation paster group and second radiation paster group all include two radiation pasters, the radiation paster becomes rectangular structure and/or L shape structure after carrying out the corner cut processing, two radiation pasters of first radiation paster group are the L shape structure in this embodiment, two radiation pasters of second radiation paster group are the rectangular structure. When the scheme is adopted, the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group form 4 different radiation patches, the purpose of widening antenna beams is achieved by reducing the radiation aperture, and meanwhile, the radiation beams of the radiation patches are overlapped in space, so that widening of the radiation beams is further achieved.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the first radiation patch group includes two first radiation patches 13, and the second radiation patch group includes two second radiation patches 12, which are arranged as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
The microstrip planar antenna 31 disclosed above forms the microstrip circuit 18 by the strip feed line and the coaxial feed point on the feed dielectric layer, the strip feed line is in a cross shape as a whole, wherein the longer line is a signal transmission line connected with the radio frequency coaxial connector at the coaxial feed point end, and the shorter branch plays roles of impedance matching and frequency tuning. Radio frequency signals are transmitted to a strip line transmission line through a radio frequency coaxial structure 19, are coupled to a metal radiation patch on the upper surface of a microstrip antenna radiation medium layer through a coupling slot 16 after tuning and matching of the strip line, and finally complete radiation of radio frequency energy after loading and adjusting through a parasitic patch and a short circuit line on a radiation layer.
Example 2
The content of the foregoing embodiment describes a microstrip planar antenna in this embodiment, and this embodiment discloses not only the above microstrip planar antenna, but also an array using the above antenna, and specifically the following description:
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, a microstrip antenna array includes the microstrip planar antenna 31 described in the above, and includes an installation carrier plate 34, the microstrip planar antenna 31 is disposed on the installation carrier plate 34, and a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer of the microstrip planar antenna 31 extend outward to form an array portion, a plurality of array antenna units 33 are disposed on the array portion, the outer sides of the array antenna units 33 are surrounded by metal shielding posts 32, and both the array antenna units 33 and the microstrip planar antenna of the array portion have radio frequency coaxial structures 19, which can independently receive and transmit radio frequency signals; a plurality of signal reflection adjusting pieces 35 are further arranged on the mounting carrier plate 34 in the area where the array antenna unit 33 is not arranged, and the array antenna unit 33 is arrayed in the plane range of 90-360 degrees around the microstrip planar antenna 31.
The isolation between the array antenna units 33 can be increased by the insertion and surrounding of the metal isolation columns 17, the isolation between the microstrip antenna array and the microstrip planar antenna 31 can also be improved, and the electromagnetic radiation interference between the microstrip antenna array and the microstrip planar antenna 31 during working can be reduced.
In the present embodiment, considering that the microstrip planar antenna 31 is often disposed at the edge of the antenna array in the practical application environment, the whole antenna array is not a regular symmetric array, and specifically, the microstrip planar antenna is optimized and adopts a partially feasible array form: the structure of the mounting carrier 34 includes a triangle, and the array antenna units 33 are arranged in a straight line or in an L shape in the array portion. With such a scheme, the mounting carrier plate 34 may be a right triangle, and the microstrip planar antenna 31 is disposed near the hypotenuse of the mounting carrier plate 34, and the array antenna units 33 are arranged in an array along two right-angled sides of the microstrip planar antenna 31.
In this embodiment, the signal reflection adjusting element 35 reflects the radio frequency signal to ensure the radiation performance of the microstrip planar antenna 31, and the signal reflection adjusting element 35 is adopted to achieve this purpose, specifically, the signal reflection adjusting element 35 includes a metal patch. When the scheme is adopted, the reflection effect of metal on electromagnetic waves is utilized, a part of the radiation energy of the microstrip antenna can be reflected to one side deviated from the signal reflection adjusting piece 35, and meanwhile, the position and the size of the first parasitic patch 11 on the microstrip plane antenna 31 can be adjusted to improve the directional diagram symmetry of the microstrip plane antenna 31 in the pitching direction.
The simulation result of the reflection coefficient of the microstrip planar antenna 31 array proposed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 5, and the relative standing wave bandwidth of the microstrip planar antenna 31 is 16%, which has a relatively good broadband characteristic.
The simulation result of the directional diagram of the microstrip planar antenna 31 array proposed in this embodiment is shown in fig. 6, the directional diagram of the microstrip planar antenna 31 has distortion and asymmetry in the actual installation environment, and through the adjustment and optimization actions of the first parasitic patch 11 and the signal reflection adjusting member 35, the gain of the microstrip planar antenna 31 exceeds the beam coverage of more than 2.5dBi by more than 110 degrees × 110 degrees, which embodies the performance advantages of wide beam and high gain of the microstrip planar antenna 31.
The above embodiments are just exemplified in the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other various embodiments by arbitrarily combining with each other according to the above embodiments, and any other various embodiments can be obtained by anyone in light of the present embodiment. The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present embodiments, which should be defined in the claims, and the description should be used for interpreting the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A microstrip planar antenna, characterized by: the antenna comprises a radiation dielectric layer and a feed dielectric layer, wherein a coupling gap (16) and a microstrip circuit (18) for coupling radio frequency signals are arranged in the feed dielectric layer, the outer side of the microstrip circuit (18) is surrounded by a plurality of metal isolation columns (17) through inserted piles, and the metal isolation columns (17) are embedded in the feed dielectric layer; the radiation medium layer is provided with a first radiation patch group and a second radiation patch group which are respectively arranged in a rotational symmetry mode, and the rotational center of the first radiation patch group and the rotational center of the second radiation patch group are longitudinally overlapped with the center of the coupling gap (16); a middle short-circuit component (20) is arranged in the radiation medium layer, and the middle short-circuit component (20) is connected with the ground in the radiation medium layer and correspondingly matched with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group; the radiation medium layer is also provided with a first parasitic patch group and a second parasitic patch group, the second parasitic patch group comprises two second parasitic patches (14) which are respectively arranged at two sides of the radiation medium layer, the first radiation patch group, the second radiation patch group and the microstrip circuit (18) are positioned between the two second parasitic patches (14), and the second parasitic patches (14) are connected with the side short circuit component (15); the radiating medium layer comprises three medium layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom, and the first radiating patch group, the second radiating patch group, the first parasitic patch group and the second parasitic patch group are arranged on the upper surface of the uppermost medium layer.
2. The microstrip planar antenna of claim 1, wherein: the middle short circuit component (20) comprises two groups of middle metal short circuit columns which are rotationally symmetrical, the upper ends of the middle metal short circuit columns are connected with the first radiation patch group or the second radiation patch group, the lower ends of the middle metal short circuit columns extend to the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer, and the middle metal short circuit columns are used for connecting the first radiation patch group with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer or connecting the second radiation patch group with the lower surface of the radiation medium layer at the lowest layer.
3. The microstrip planar antenna of claim 1, wherein: the feed dielectric layer comprises three dielectric layers which are tightly attached from top to bottom, the coupling gap (16) is arranged on the uppermost dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer, and the microstrip circuit (18) is arranged on the middle dielectric layer of the feed dielectric layer; the lower surface of the radiation medium layer is provided with an inwards concave air cavity (21), the coupling gap (16) is positioned in the air cavity (21) after the feed medium layer is matched with the radiation medium layer, and an air gap is reserved between the top surface of the coupling gap (16) and the bottom in the air cavity (21).
4. The microstrip planar antenna of claim 3, wherein: the geometric center of the coupling slot (16) and the center of rotational symmetry of the first radiating patch group and the second radiating patch group coincide in the longitudinal direction.
5. The microstrip planar antenna of claim 4, wherein: the air cavity (21) is arranged in the lowest medium layer of the radiation medium layer, the depth of the air cavity (21) is smaller than one half of the thickness of the medium layer, the geometric center of the air cavity (21) is superposed with the geometric center of the coupling gap (16), and the size of the air cavity (21) is larger than the maximum outer envelope of the coupling gap (16).
6. The microstrip planar antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first radiation patch group and the second radiation patch group respectively comprise two radiation patches, and the radiation patches are subjected to corner cutting treatment to form a rectangular structure and/or an L-shaped structure.
7. A microstrip antenna array comprising a microstrip planar antenna (31) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the antenna comprises an installation carrier plate (34), wherein the microstrip planar antenna (31) is arranged on the installation carrier plate (34), a radiation medium layer and a feed medium layer of the microstrip planar antenna (31) extend outwards to form an array part, a plurality of array antenna units (33) are arranged on the array part, the outer sides of the array antenna units (33) are surrounded by metal shielding columns (32) in an inserted pile mode, and the array antenna units (33) of the array part and the microstrip planar antenna (31) independently receive and transmit radio-frequency signals; a plurality of signal reflection adjusting pieces (35) are also arranged on the mounting carrier plate (34) in the area where the array antenna unit (33) is not arranged.
8. The microstrip antenna array of claim 7, wherein: the structure of the mounting carrier plate (34) comprises a triangle, the array antenna units (33) are arranged on the array part according to a straight line or an L shape, and the array antenna units (33) are arrayed in the plane range of 90-360 degrees around the microstrip planar antenna.
9. The microstrip antenna array of claim 7, wherein: the signal reflection adjusting piece (35) comprises a metal patch.
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| CN115832694B (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-05-26 | 成都天成电科科技有限公司 | Waveguide-like integrated antenna |
| CN116315643B (en) * | 2023-04-20 | 2023-12-29 | 深圳市锦鸿无线科技有限公司 | Multi-beam antenna array, operation control method and device thereof and storage medium |
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