CN106848608B - Broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array - Google Patents
Broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- CN106848608B CN106848608B CN201710055879.3A CN201710055879A CN106848608B CN 106848608 B CN106848608 B CN 106848608B CN 201710055879 A CN201710055879 A CN 201710055879A CN 106848608 B CN106848608 B CN 106848608B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array, which comprises a bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array, an antenna array and a control and calibration unit, wherein the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array is connected with the antenna array; the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array comprises at least one in-phase power dividing module and a plurality of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units, wherein the in-phase power dividing module is used for dividing one path of radio-frequency signals into multiple paths of radio-frequency signals in an in-phase and equal-amplitude mode, and each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit comprises a radio-frequency transceiving front-end module used for amplifying radio-frequency channel signals and a quadrature synthesis phase-shifting module used for adjusting the phase and amplitude of radio-frequency channels; the antenna array is used for radiating or receiving signals of each radio frequency channel; one end of the control and calibration unit is used for controlling and calibrating the beam forming of the whole broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array. Through the antenna array, the precision of signal adjustment of each radio frequency channel is high, accurate beam pointing with low sidelobe or no sidelobe can be formed in a horizontal plane, and multi-user simultaneous communication is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless communication MIMO receiving and transmitting array, in particular to a high-performance broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array, belonging to the communication multi-beam synthesis application technology.
Background
In the fifth generation mobile communication, the data transmission speed between the user terminal and the base station is greatly increased, so that a single-channel communication system is gradually eliminated, and the massive MIMO technology becomes a key technology of the fifth generation mobile communication system. However, as the number of rf channels and the number of antenna arrays increase, the hardware cost of the communication base station also increases significantly, and the all-digital beamforming base station requires each antenna array to correspond to a complete rf channel and digital baseband processing unit, so the hardware design is complex, and a large number of units of the high-speed wideband analog-to-digital converter and the high-speed digital processor are expensive, large in power consumption, and complex in control, which is not favorable for large-scale integrated application of the base station.
Compared with the prior art, the hybrid beam forming structure combining the digital baseband domain precoding and the radio frequency analog domain phase shifting can effectively reduce digital hardware and system complexity, and has great advantages in practical application. Compared with other phase shifting structures, phase shifting on the radio frequency link is undoubtedly the simplest structure, and extra noise cannot be introduced to deteriorate the signal-to-noise ratio of the radio frequency signal.
The phase shifting module in the radio frequency link often becomes a bottleneck restricting the phase shifting development of the radio frequency link, and the traditional electrically-adjusted phase shifter or digital phase shifter has the defects of high price, low precision and narrow bandwidth; the vector modulator chip can have higher precision, but is mostly used as a phase shifting module at a low frequency band (less than 2.4GHz) at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-performance broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array capable of forming accurate beam direction in a horizontal plane, which can be applied to a multi-user beam forming communication system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention discloses a broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array, which comprises a bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array, an antenna array and a control and calibration unit; wherein:
the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array comprises at least one in-phase power division module and a plurality of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units; the in-phase power division module comprises a plurality of power dividers and is used for dividing one path of radio frequency signals into a plurality of paths of radio frequency signals in an in-phase and equal-amplitude power manner; the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit comprises a radio frequency transceiving front-end module and an orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module which are electrically connected, the radio frequency transceiving front-end module is used for amplifying radio frequency channel signals, the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module is used for adjusting the phase and amplitude of a radio frequency channel, and the radio frequency channel comprises a receiving signal channel and a transmitting signal channel; the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units for radiating or receiving signals of each radio frequency channel; one end of the control and calibration unit is connected with each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit, and the other end of the control and calibration unit is connected with the baseband processing board and used for controlling and calibrating the beam forming of the whole broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array.
Furthermore, the quadrature synthesis phase shift module comprises a quadrature coupler, a first numerical control attenuator, a third radio frequency switch, a first transmission line transformer, a second numerical control attenuator, a fourth radio frequency switch, a second transmission line transformer and a power synthesizer; the input end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with the in-phase power dividing module, and the 0-degree output end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with the first input port of the power combiner through the first numerical control attenuator, the third radio frequency switch and the first transmission line transformer in sequence; the 90-degree output end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with a second input port of the power combiner through a second numerical control attenuator, a fourth radio frequency switch and a second transmission line transformer in sequence, and a common port of the power combiner is connected with the radio frequency transceiving front-end module.
Furthermore, the orthogonal coupler, the numerical control attenuator, the radio frequency switch, the transmission line changer and the power synthesizer all adopt broadband devices, the working bandwidth range is 500MHz, and the central frequency coverage range is from 2.5GHz to 3.5 GHz.
Further, the radio frequency transceiving front-end module comprises a receiving amplification link, a transmitting amplification link, a first radio frequency switch and a second radio frequency switch; the common end of the first radio frequency switch is connected with the quadrature synthesis phase shift module, and the transmitting port of the first radio frequency switch is connected with the transmitting port of the second radio frequency switch through a transmitting amplification link; the public end of the second radio frequency switch is connected with the antenna array, and the receiving port of the second radio frequency switch is connected with the receiving port of the first radio frequency switch through the receiving amplification link.
Further, the transmitting amplifying link comprises a band-pass filter, a radio frequency amplifier and a power amplifier which are connected in sequence, and is used for filtering and amplifying signals output from the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module when a radio frequency switch is switched at a transmitting port and then transmitting the signals into the antenna array for radiation; the receiving amplification link comprises a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter and a radio frequency amplifier which are connected in sequence, and is used for amplifying and filtering radio frequency signals received from the antenna array when a radio frequency switch is switched at a receiving port and then sending the radio frequency signals to the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module.
Furthermore, the working frequency band of the low-noise amplifier is 50 MHz-4 GHz, and the noise coefficient is 1.5 dB; the working range of the radio frequency amplifier is 50 MHz-6 GHz; the working range of the power amplifier is 200 MHz-6 GHz; the performance requirements of the band-pass filter are that the insertion loss in the pass band is less than 2dB, and the out-of-band spurious suppression reaches 30 dB.
Furthermore, the control and calibration unit comprises a control part, a control interface and a read-only memory; the read-only memory is connected and communicated with the control part, the input end of the control part is connected with the baseband processing board, and the output end of the control part is connected with each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit through a control interface; the control part can be a programmable logic device or a singlechip.
Further, a control word table is stored in the read-only memory, and the control word table comprises a phase value and an amplitude value which are written in advance and are used as control words; the pre-written phase and amplitude values are written in when the baseband processing board performs initial phase calibration on each radio frequency channel, and the pre-written phase and amplitude values comprise corresponding control of initial phase values and relative changes of each radio frequency channel.
Further, when the baseband processing board performs initial phase calibration on each radio frequency channel, the initial amplitudes are adjusted to be consistent for different radio frequency channels, and only the initial phases are different.
Furthermore, the integrated antenna array adopts a linear array structure and comprises at least two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays and at least one group of antenna subarrays; the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units and a plurality of power dividers, the common end of each power divider is connected with the antenna units, and the separation end of each power divider is connected with two bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units in two adjacent bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays.
Furthermore, the antenna unit adopts a broadband dipole element antenna, and the bandwidth range is 500 MHz.
Has the advantages that:
(1) by adjusting the amplitude and the phase of each channel of the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array, accurate beam pointing can be formed in a horizontal plane, and antenna side lobes can be inhibited; the beam pointing precision can reach 0.31 degrees, and the coverage range can reach 110 degrees; the transformation time between different angles can be completed within 3us by the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module, and the normal transmission of communication symbols is not influenced.
(2) The orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module can respectively adjust the phase and the amplitude of the signal, the accuracy of the phase adjusted by the radio-frequency signal in each channel can reach 1 degree, and the accuracy of the amplitude can reach 0.5 dB; the generated low side lobe or side lobe-free wave beam is used for reducing side lobe interference and is more beneficial to the function of simultaneous communication of multiple users; and the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module does not change the frequency of the radio-frequency signal, so that the influence on the phase noise of the radio-frequency signal is small, and the phase noise of the signal is not influenced when the amplitude and the phase of the radio-frequency signal are adjusted.
(3) Because the passive quadrature synthesis phase shift module is adopted to control the phase and amplitude change of the radio frequency signal, the out-of-band stray of the transmitted signal is very little, the introduced noise is also very little, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the radio frequency signal is not obviously deteriorated.
(4) The orthogonal phase shift synthesis module adopts broadband devices, the working bandwidth can reach 500MHz, the coverage range of the central frequency is from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz, partial frequency bands of the fifth generation mobile communication in the future can be covered, and the defects of narrow coverage range and narrow working bandwidth of the traditional structure are overcome.
(5) The baseband processing board can independently adjust the amplitude and the phase of the signal in each radio frequency channel through the control part, and the control method is simple and convenient; the control and calibration unit adopts an automatic calibration mode, and the initial phase can be automatically calibrated through the control part and the baseband processing board, so that the time and the resource waste are reduced.
(6) The two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays can respectively perform wave beam forming on input radio-frequency signals, different subarrays are connected to the same group of antenna subarrays through the power divider, two incoherent wave beams can be radiated on the same group of antenna subarrays, and the two incoherent wave beams are independent and do not influence each other, so that the purpose of performing communication transmission with two users at the same time is achieved; similarly, one or more antenna sub-arrays can be shared by a plurality of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving sub-arrays, so as to realize simultaneous multi-user communication.
(7) The antenna array adopts a linear array structure, can increase the radiation power of the antenna and improve the directionality, and has simple array combination and smaller mutual coupling among the antennas; the antenna array adopts a broadband dipole antenna, has wide coverage range, ensures that electromagnetic wave signals in the working frequency band range can be transmitted and received, and has low manufacturing cost.
(8) The integrated antenna array adopts a modularized innovative design, realizes independent control on each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit, can still keep more accurate beam direction under the condition that part of the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units are damaged, and can replace the damaged bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units by using standby units so as to improve the system stability and reduce the maintenance cost; meanwhile, the modular design also greatly reduces the cost of the system and the complexity of the circuit, greatly reduces the out-of-band spurious amplitude and improves the phase noise index of the signal while ensuring the phase-shifting precision and the response speed; the whole structure is simple, and the manufacturing and maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a bi-directional phase-shifting transceiver unit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control and calibration unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a quadrature phase shift synthesis module.
FIG. 5 shows a horizontal in-plane receive state beam scan test result provided by the present invention
FIG. 6 shows a horizontal in-plane transmit state beam scan test result provided by the present invention
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 discloses a high-performance broadband hybrid beam-forming integrated antenna array, which includes a bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver array, an antenna array, and a control and calibration unit. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array comprises an in-phase power division module 6 and a plurality of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units 1. Each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit 1 also comprises a radio frequency transceiving front-end module 4 and an orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module 5 which are connected with each other, wherein the radio frequency transceiving front-end module 4 is used for amplifying radio frequency channel signals, and the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module 5 is used for adjusting the phase and amplitude of a radio frequency channel; the other end of the radio frequency transceiving front-end module 4 is connected with the antenna array, the other end of the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module 5 is connected with the in-phase power dividing module 6, and the other end of the in-phase power dividing module 6 is connected with the control and calibration unit. The in-phase power division module 6 is configured to perform in-phase power division on the input radio frequency signal into N paths, and input the N paths of in-phase power division to each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver unit.
The antenna array 2 at least includes a plurality of antenna units 21 for radiating and receiving signals of each rf channel, and the antenna array 2 may further include a power divider 22 for combining different rf signals of several sub-arrays into one path.
The control and calibration unit 3 is used for controlling and calibrating the beam forming of the whole broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array. As shown in fig. 2, the rf transceiver front-end module 4 is composed of a receiving amplifying link, a transmitting amplifying link, a first rf switch 41 and a second rf switch 42, where the rf switches 41 and 42 are used for switching between the receiving and transmitting links; the input end of the receiving amplification link is connected with the output end of the second radio frequency switch 42, and the output end is connected with the input end of the first radio frequency switch 41; the input end of the transmission amplification chain is connected with the output end of the first radio frequency switch 41, and the output end of the transmission amplification chain is connected with the input end of the second radio frequency switch 42. The receiving amplifying link comprises a low noise amplifier 43, a first band pass filter 44 and a first radio frequency amplifier 45 which are connected in sequence; the transmit amplification chain comprises a second band-pass filter 47, a second radio frequency amplifier 46 and a power amplifier 48 connected in series.
The band-pass filter is used for filtering out-of-band interference, including interference introduced by spectral impurity of a base station radio frequency input. Other forms may be used, such as a combination of a high pass filter and a low pass filter; the rf amplifier is used to offset the loss of the whole link, because the quadrature coupling module is passive, and there is no gain only in loss, so the rf amplifier needs to be added to the rf transceiver module at the next stage, in the embodiment, the rf transceiver front-end module 4 includes two rf amplifiers, but the number of the rf amplifiers in practical application is not limited thereto, the number and the type of the rf amplifiers depend on the required output power, and one or more rf amplifiers may be included according to the practical requirement;
the low noise amplifier 43 is used for low noise amplification of the received signal, since the received radio frequency signal in the space is weak, the noise of the amplifier itself will interfere with the signal seriously, and the noise of the low noise amplifier itself is very small, which will not interfere with the radio frequency signal, and can significantly reduce the signal to noise ratio of the signal.
The power amplifier 48 is used for final-stage amplification of the transmitted signal, and because the signal power required during transmission is relatively high, the linearity of a common radio frequency power amplifier cannot meet the requirement, and the linearity of the power amplifier is very excellent, so that high-power amplification output can be completed.
The working state of the rf transceiving front-end module 4 is divided into a transmitting state and a receiving state, and in the receiving state, the first rf switch 41 and the second rf switch 42 are turned on at the receiving end, and the low noise amplifier 43 and the band pass filter 44 perform low noise amplification and filtering on the rf signal received from the antenna array 2 and then send the rf signal to the quadrature synthesis phase shifting module 5; in the transmitting state, the first rf switch 41 and the second rf switch 42 are turned on the transmitting end, and the bandpass filter 47 and the power amplifier 48 amplify the signal output from the quadrature combining phase-shifting module 5 and then send the amplified signal to the antenna array 2 for radiation.
As the preferred scheme in the embodiment, the working range of the low noise amplifier 43 is 50 MHz-4 GHz, and the noise coefficient is 1.5 dB; the working range of the power amplifier 48 is 200 MHz-6 GHz, and the 1dB compression point is 27 dBm; the working ranges of the first radio frequency amplifier 45 and the second radio frequency amplifier 46 are 50 MHz-6 GHz, and the gain is 19dB, so as to meet the requirements of the communication base station on the transmission power and the receiving sensitivity; the performance requirements of the band-pass filter are that the insertion loss in the pass band is less than 2dB, and the out-of-band spurious suppression reaches 30 dB.
In a cartesian coordinate system, any vector signal can be decomposed into the sum of two orthogonal vectors, and the decomposed two orthogonal vectors are attenuated and synthesized to obtain a vector with any angle and amplitude on a plane formed by the two orthogonal vectors.
As shown in fig. 4, any vector in the graph corresponds to a radio frequency signal, an angle between the vector and the origin is a phase value, and an absolute value of a vector length is an amplitude value. For such a vector a, it can be decomposed into the sum of a vector B on a 0-degree coordinate axis and a vector C on a 90-degree coordinate axis, such as the vector corresponding to the dotted line in fig. 4. At this time, by adjusting the vector magnitude on the coordinate axes of 0 degree and 90 degree, the magnitude and phase corresponding to the vector a are changed. However, the new rf vector only completes the 90 degree change in fig. 4, and if a 360 degree change is desired, the quadrants can be switched by introducing the structure of the rf switch and transmission line transformer. The principle is that the transmission line converter is provided with two input ports, one output port and the other matched load port, and the transmission line converter has the functions that the phase of a radio frequency signal input from the No. 1 port is unchanged when the radio frequency signal is output from the output port, and the phase of the radio frequency signal input from the No. 2 port is changed by 180 degrees when the radio frequency signal is output from the output port. In fig. 4, it can be considered that the operations of inverting the vectors B and C, respectively, are performed. The function of selecting two port inputs is completed through the radio frequency switch, so that the phase of the radio frequency switch can be adjusted to 360 degrees. If only the phase shift operation is performed, i.e. the amplitude is kept constant, but the phase is changed, the new rf vector a' is changed along the circle in fig. 4.
The quadrature combining phase shifting module 5 in the embodiment of fig. 2 comprises a quadrature coupler 51, a first digitally controlled attenuator 52, a second digitally controlled attenuator 55, a third radio frequency switch 53, a fourth radio frequency switch 56, a first transmission line transformer 54, a second transmission line transformer 57 and a power combiner 58.
The quadrature coupler 51 performs quadrature power division on the input signal, outputs a signal not phase-shifted from the 0-degree port, and outputs a signal phase-shifted by 90 degrees from the 90-degree port; the first numerical control attenuator 52 and the second numerical control attenuator 55 are used for respectively carrying out attenuation control on the amplitude and the phase of the 0-degree signal and the 90-degree signal; the digital control attenuator is used for adjusting amplitude, adjusting the amplitude of two paths of orthogonal signals respectively and then carrying out in-phase synthesis, namely adjusting the phase and the amplitude of a synthesized signal; as a preferable scheme in the embodiment, the numerical control attenuator can adopt a power attenuator which is commonly used in the field, the maximum upper limit of the attenuation range of the first numerical control attenuator 52 and the second numerical control attenuator 55 is 31.5dB, and the attenuation interval is 0.5 dB; of course, the practical application is not limited to this, and other attenuation intervals and other forms of numerical control attenuators may be adopted according to the requirement.
The third radio frequency switch 53, the fourth radio frequency switch 56, the first transmission line transformer 54 and the second transmission line transformer 57 are used for switching different quadrants, two output ends of the third radio frequency switch are respectively connected with two input ends of the first transmission line transformer, signals input from the two input ends are different by 180 degrees when entering the first transmission line transformer, and the third radio frequency switch switches between the two input ends of the first transmission line transformer, namely, the third radio frequency switch correspondingly performs the phase reversal operation on the local signal on the coordinate system; and the corresponding fourth radio frequency switch is switched between the two input ends of the second transmission line transformer to carry out the inverted operation on the other 90-degree signal.
Finally, the 0-degree signal and the 90-degree signal are synthesized in phase by the power synthesizer 58, so that the adjustment of any angle and amplitude within the range of 360 degrees on the phase of the corresponding radio frequency channel signal is completed. For example, when only the third rf switch is switched at both inputs of the first transmission line transformer, it is equivalent to the synthetic signal being symmetrical about the Y axis, and when only the fourth rf switch is switched at both inputs of the second transmission line transformer, it is equivalent to the synthetic signal being symmetrical about the X axis.
Thus, by controlling the attenuation of the first digitally controlled attenuator 52 and the second digitally controlled attenuator 55, it is possible to obtain points of any angle and amplitude in the range of 0 to 90 degrees; the switching of the radio frequency switches and the transmission line transformers on the two paths of signals can select to carry out positive phase or negative phase operation on the signals, which is equivalent to quadrant selection on the synthetic vector, thereby completing the adjustment of any angle and amplitude within the range of 360 degrees on the phase of the corresponding radio frequency channel signals.
The orthogonal coupler, the numerical control attenuator, the radio frequency switch, the transmission line changer and the power synthesizer in the orthogonal phase-shifting synthesis module 5 disclosed by the invention all adopt broadband devices, the working bandwidth can reach 500MHz, the central frequency coverage range is from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz, and the orthogonal coupler, the numerical control attenuator, the radio frequency switch, the transmission line changer and the power synthesizer can cover partial frequency bands of the fifth generation mobile communication in the future.
In the embodiment, the power attenuation devices with the range of 31.5dB and the step length of 0.5dB are selected, so that the accuracy of the quadrature synthesis phase-shifting module 5 for adjusting the phase of the radio frequency signal in each channel can reach 1 degree, and the amplitude accuracy can reach 0.5 dB; the generated low sidelobe or sidelobe-free beam reduces the sidelobe interference, thereby being more beneficial to the function of multi-user simultaneous communication. In addition, the quadrature synthesis phase shift module 5 does not change the frequency of the rf signal, so that the phase noise of the rf signal is hardly affected, and the phase noise of the signal itself is not affected when the amplitude and the phase of the rf signal are adjusted.
As shown in fig. 3, the control and calibration unit 3 in the embodiment comprises a field programmable logic device 31, a read only memory 32 and the control interface 8.
The field programmable logic device 31 is used for controlling the phase and amplitude of the radio frequency signal of each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver unit in the whole integrated antenna array. In practical applications, the control unit in the embodiment may not only select the field programmable logic device (FPGA)31, but also select other Programmable Logic Devices (PLD) or single chip Microcomputers (MCU) according to requirements.
In the embodiment of fig. 3, the control and calibration unit 3 transmits the beam pointing instruction sent by the baseband processing board to the field programmable logic device 31 through the control interface 8, the field programmable logic device 31 converts the beam pointing instruction into a corresponding address of the read only memory, reads the phase value and amplitude value of each channel correspondingly stored in the read only memory 32 according to the corresponding address pair, transmits the phase value and amplitude value back to the field programmable logic device 31 and converts the phase value and amplitude value into an SPI control word, and outputs the SPI control word to the numerical control attenuator and the radio frequency switch of each channel, thereby completing the control of the whole beam.
A complete control word table covering the phase and amplitude values of each rf signal channel is stored in the rom 32, and the control words in the control word table are written in advance when the baseband processing board and the control unit calibrate the rf signal channels. Specifically, in the calibration process, a control word table in which all amplitude and phase corresponding points (i.e., all possible control word combinations) are written is scanned, the amplitude and phase of the corresponding control word in the vector network analyzer are automatically read by using a baseband processing board and are judged by using an algorithm, and points meeting requirements are automatically selected as needed and stored in the read-only register 32, i.e., control words written in advance. In this way, the initial phase value and the relative change of each channel are correspondingly controlled and stored in the read-only memory, and when the radio frequency signal is controlled, the field programmable logic device 31 reads the pre-written control word table, so that the time and the energy of manual calibration of the traditional structure are saved.
Furthermore, when signals of each radio frequency channel are controlled, for different radio frequency channels, the initial amplitude can be adjusted to be consistent through adjustment on a receiving and transmitting link, and only the initial phase is different in selection, so that the early calibration workload and the resource occupation are greatly reduced. By means of automatic calibration, the initial phase value and the relative change of each channel are correspondingly controlled and stored in the read-only memory 32 and read through the field programmable logic device 31, and time and energy of manual calibration of a traditional structure are saved.
In summary, the amplitude value and the phase value of each rf channel can be adjusted through the baseband processing board and the control portion, so that not only can the direction of the beam be quickly and accurately controlled, but also the shape of the beam can be adjusted according to some calculations, so as to achieve a sidelobe-free beam or a dual-mainlobe beam; because the combination quantity of each amplitude and phase is very large, the initial value is automatically calibrated through the field programmable logic device and the baseband processing board, and according to the similarity of each radio frequency channel, when each radio frequency channel signal is controlled, the same table can be inquired, and only the initial phase is different in selection, so that the early-stage calibration workload and the resource occupation are greatly reduced.
The integrated antenna array adopts a linear array structure and comprises at least two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays and at least one group of antenna subarrays; the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units and a plurality of power dividers. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver sub-array has 2M groups, the antenna array has M groups, each group of the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver sub-array includes N antenna units and N power dividers, a common terminal of the power divider of each power divider is connected to the antenna unit, and a separate terminal of the power divider is connected to two bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver units in two adjacent groups of the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver sub-arrays. The antenna array of the embodiment shown in fig. 1 includes two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver sub-arrays, each group of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver sub-arrays includes 8 bidirectional phase-shifting transceiver units. The in-phase power dividing module 6 divides one path of radio frequency signal into 8 paths of in-phase equal-amplitude radio frequency signals by using 7 power dividers and transmits the radio frequency signals to the orthogonal synthesis modules of 8 bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units; the group of antenna sub-arrays comprises 8 power dividers 22, common ends of the 8 power dividers 22 are respectively connected with the corresponding 8 antenna units 21, separating ends of the power dividers are simultaneously connected with two-way phase-shifting transceiving units in two groups of different two-way phase-shifting transceiving sub-arrays, and the distance between every two antenna units 21 is half of the wavelength of electromagnetic waves. Different from the traditional beam forming antenna array, the two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays adopted in the embodiment respectively carry out beam forming on input radio-frequency signals, and due to the irrelevance of two paths of radio-frequency signals, two irrelevant beams can be radiated on the same antenna array, are independent and do not influence each other, so that the purpose of carrying out communication transmission with two users at the same time is achieved. Similarly, the antenna arrays of a plurality of groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transmit-receive subarrays can be designed according to the method so as to realize simultaneous multi-user communication.
The antenna units in the antenna array adopt broadband dipole element antennas, the coverage range can reach 120 degrees on the horizontal plane, the electromagnetic wave signals in the working frequency band range can be transmitted and received, and the manufacturing cost is low.
In conclusion, the working principle of the integrated antenna array disclosed in the embodiment is as follows:
when the receiving state is achieved, the radio frequency switch of each radio frequency transceiver module is switched to the receiving state, radio frequency signals are received through the antenna unit and fed into the power divider, are respectively input into the radio frequency transceiver modules of the two sub-arrays, pass through the low noise amplifier, the band-pass filter and the radio frequency amplifier, enter the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module, control the signal phase and amplitude of each channel, pass through the in-phase power divider module, synthesize in-phase radio frequency signals of the N channels of one sub-array into one path of radio frequency signals with the same amplitude, and send the one path of radio frequency signals to the base station, wherein N in the embodiment is 8.
When the radio frequency transceiver module is in a transmitting state, the radio frequency switch of each radio frequency transceiver module is switched to the transmitting state, the radio frequency signals are divided into N paths of in-phase equal-amplitude signals through the in-phase power dividing module, the in-phase equal-amplitude signals are respectively input into 8 orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting modules, the phase and amplitude of each channel are controlled through the control of the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting modules, then each channel signal respectively passes through a transmitting link of the radio frequency transceiver module 5, passes through the band-pass filter 47, the radio frequency amplifier 46 and the power amplifier 48, and the signals output from the power amplifier 48 are combined with the radio frequency signals corresponding to another sub-array through the power divider and are radiated into a space through the antenna unit.
The present invention will be further described with reference to an embodiment.
The radio frequency working center frequency of the antenna array is 3.5GHz, the working bandwidth is 500MHz, the antenna array is a one-dimensional array which is distributed by 8 units in the horizontal direction at equal half-wavelength intervals, the gain of a single antenna unit is 6dBi, the two-way phase-shifting transceiver unit array is 2 x 8, namely the antenna array is divided into an upper layer of subarrays and a lower layer of subarrays, each subarray comprises 8 two-way phase-shifting transceiver units, the corresponding two-way phase-shifting transceiver units of the upper layer and the lower layer of subarrays are connected through a power divider, and the common end of the power divider is connected with the antenna array. Therefore, each antenna array unit corresponds to the upper and lower two-way phase-shifting transceiving units, and can transmit two communication signal streams simultaneously; the maximum gain of a receiving link of each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit is 12.7dB, the noise coefficient is 2.5dB, the maximum gain of a transmitting link is 16dB, and the maximum output power is 10 dBm. The radiation beam of the antenna array has a beam width of 14 dB in a horizontal plane, a beam width of 78 dB in a vertical plane and can be directed to any angle within +/-50 degrees in the horizontal plane. For the single-channel bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit, an EVM (error vector magnitude) test is performed on LTE signals in different modulation modes of a 20MHz TDD mode, and the result is shown in table 1; meanwhile, the adjacent Channel Power ratio ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power ratio) of the system is-43.97 dBc, and the communication requirement is completely met.
TABLE 1 EVM test results for LTE signals under different modulation modes
| Modulation system | EVM value |
| TDD QPSK | 0.321％ |
| TDD 16QAM | 0.314％ |
| TDD 64QAM | 0.316％ |
FIG. 5 shows the horizontal in-plane beam scan test result of the present invention in the transmit state, which can achieve a gain of 26dB at each angle, and FIG. 6 shows the horizontal in-plane beam scan test result of the present invention in the receive state, which can achieve a gain of 21dB at each angle; in order to ensure the accuracy and linearity of the beam forming angle, the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit does not work under the condition of maximum gain at the moment; although fig. 5 and 6 are shown as scanning at 10 ° intervals, the actual beam can be directed at any angle within ± 50 °, with a phase accuracy of 0.31 degrees and an amplitude accuracy of 0.5 dB.
Therefore, in actual operation, radio frequency signals are firstly decomposed into 16 paths of in-phase and constant-amplitude signals, amplitude and phase adjustment is carried out through a quadrature synthesis phase-shifting module in bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving, stable and accurate beam forming can be generated for each communication radio frequency signal stream, the beam pointing precision is 0.31 degrees, and the coverage range is 110 degrees; the transformation time among different angles is completed within 3us by the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module, the normal transmission of communication symbols is not influenced, and the EVM of 0.316% can be achieved by transmitting 64QAM modulated LTE signals by the optimized structure through testing.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array is characterized in that: the device comprises a bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array, an antenna array and a control and calibration unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving array comprises at least one in-phase power division module and a plurality of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving units; the in-phase power division module comprises a plurality of power dividers and is used for dividing one path of radio frequency signals into a plurality of paths of radio frequency signals in an in-phase and equal-amplitude power manner; the bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit comprises a radio frequency transceiving front-end module for amplifying a radio frequency channel signal and an orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module for adjusting the phase and amplitude of the radio frequency channel, wherein the radio frequency channel comprises a receiving signal channel and a transmitting signal channel; the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna units for radiating or receiving signals of each radio frequency channel; one end of the control and calibration unit is connected with each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit, and the other end of the control and calibration unit is connected with the baseband processing board and is used for controlling and calibrating the beam forming of the whole broadband hybrid beam forming integrated antenna array;
the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module comprises an orthogonal coupler, a first numerical control attenuator, a third radio frequency switch, a first transmission line transformer, a second numerical control attenuator, a fourth radio frequency switch, a second transmission line transformer and a power synthesizer;
the input end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with the in-phase power dividing module, and the 0-degree output end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with the first input port of the power combiner through the first numerical control attenuator, the third radio frequency switch and the first transmission line transformer in sequence; the 90-degree output end of the orthogonal coupler is connected with a second input port of the power combiner through a second numerical control attenuator, a fourth radio frequency switch and a second transmission line transformer in sequence, and a common port of the power combiner is connected with the radio frequency transceiving front-end module.
2. The unified antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the orthogonal coupler, the numerical control attenuator, the radio frequency switch, the transmission line changer and the power synthesizer are all broadband devices, the working bandwidth range is 500MHz, and the central frequency coverage range is from 2.5GHz to 3.5 GHz.
3. The unified antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the radio frequency transceiving front-end module comprises a receiving amplification link, a transmitting amplification link, a first radio frequency switch and a second radio frequency switch; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the common end of the first radio frequency switch is connected with the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module, and the transmitting port of the first radio frequency switch is connected with the transmitting port of the second radio frequency switch through a transmitting amplification link; the public end of the second radio frequency switch is connected with the antenna array, and the receiving port of the second radio frequency switch is connected with the receiving port of the first radio frequency switch through the receiving amplification link.
4. The unified antenna array of claim 3, wherein: the transmitting amplification link comprises a band-pass filter, a radio frequency amplifier and a power amplifier which are sequentially connected, and is used for filtering and amplifying signals output from the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module when a radio frequency switch is switched at a transmitting port and then transmitting the signals to an antenna array for radiation; the receiving amplification link comprises a low noise amplifier, a band-pass filter and a radio frequency amplifier which are connected in sequence, and is used for amplifying and filtering radio frequency signals received from the antenna array when a radio frequency switch is switched at a receiving port and then sending the radio frequency signals to the orthogonal synthesis phase-shifting module.
5. The unified antenna array of claim 4, wherein: the working frequency band of the low-noise amplifier is 50 MHz-4 GHz, and the noise coefficient is 1.5 dB; the working range of the radio frequency amplifier is 50 MHz-6 GHz; the working range of the power amplifier is 200 MHz-6 GHz; the performance requirements of the band-pass filter are that the insertion loss in the pass band is less than 2dB, and the out-of-band spurious suppression reaches 30 dB.
6. The unified antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the control and calibration unit comprises a control part, a control interface and a read-only memory; the read-only memory is connected and communicated with the control part, the input end of the control part is connected with the baseband processing board, and the output end of the control part is connected with each bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving unit through a control interface; the control part can be a programmable logic device or a singlechip.
7. The unified antenna array of claim 6, wherein: the read-only memory is stored with a control word table, and the control word table comprises a phase value and an amplitude value which are written in advance and are used as control words; the pre-written phase and amplitude values are written in when the baseband processing board performs initial phase calibration on each radio frequency channel, and the pre-written phase and amplitude values comprise corresponding control of initial phase values and relative changes of each radio frequency channel.
8. The unified antenna array of claim 7, wherein: when the baseband processing board performs initial phase calibration on each radio frequency channel, the initial amplitudes are adjusted to be consistent for different radio frequency channels, and only the initial phases are different.
9. The unified antenna array of claim 1, wherein: the integrated antenna array adopts a linear array structure and comprises at least two groups of bidirectional phase-shifting transceiving subarrays and at least one group of antenna subarrays; the antenna unit adopts a broadband dipole antenna, and the bandwidth range is 500 MHz.
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| US20190036215A1 (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2019-01-31 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | System and method for beamforming using a phased array antenna |
| CN107681270B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-11-17 | 广东通宇通讯股份有限公司 | Base station antenna and beam shaping method thereof |
| CN108566216B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2023-06-23 | 成都锦江电子系统工程有限公司 | Radio frequency reconstruction type double-channel receiving assembly |
| CN112737707B (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2022-06-07 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Transceiver using hybrid beamforming and performing antenna calibration method |
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| CN112290982B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-05-23 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Phased array antenna series feed calibration coupling network calibration method |
| CN112464605B (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2022-09-30 | 上海交通大学 | Optimization method of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter combined system |
| CN112671428B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-09-07 | 成都华兴大地科技有限公司 | Multichannel radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting amplitude-phase control device |
| CN112994733B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-20 | 上海安其威微电子科技有限公司 | Basic receiving and dispatching unit and receiving and dispatching chip |
| CN113783531A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 天津七一二通信广播股份有限公司 | Numerical control vector modulator |
| CN115001556B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-02-23 | 中国电信股份有限公司 | Antenna system and signal processing method |
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