CN107681270B - Base station antenna and beam shaping method thereof - Google Patents
Base station antenna and beam shaping method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107681270B CN107681270B CN201711183389.8A CN201711183389A CN107681270B CN 107681270 B CN107681270 B CN 107681270B CN 201711183389 A CN201711183389 A CN 201711183389A CN 107681270 B CN107681270 B CN 107681270B
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Abstract
The invention is applied to the wave beam shaping method of the base station antenna, the corresponding array element of two rows of antennas of different channels realizes the wave beam superposition through the weak coupling bridge, four ports of the said weak coupling bridge connect two rows of antenna array feeder cables and corresponding array elements of two rows of antenna arrays separately, make up the binary subarray, adopt the said weak coupling bridge to carry on the wave beam shaping to the said binary subarray, when one of them is a channel of use, the array element of another channel feeds in the weak electric signal through the coupling end and stimulates, and reach the necessary horizontal half-power angle through the wave beam superposition with the corresponding array element in the main feed array of the channel of use. The invention creatively provides a binary subarray which is grouped by using a weak coupling bridge, and a required horizontal half-power angle is realized by optimizing a binary subarray combined configuration scheme; the consistency of the horizontal half-power angle is obviously improved, the design interval of the horizontal half-power angle is expanded, and the front-to-back ratio and cross polarization of the antenna are improved to a certain extent.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a base station antenna and a beam shaping method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
With the development of miniaturization, the isolation of the multi-channel antenna becomes a technical problem in the design of the base station antenna: on one hand, the width of the reflecting plate is narrower and narrower, so that the channel spacing is reduced, and the isolation between systems is reduced; on the other hand, the coupling between different channel elements seriously affects the radiation pattern of the antenna, such as: a wide horizontal half-power angle, a reduced gain, a poor front-to-back ratio, a poor cross polarization, etc. The development of communication technology puts higher and higher requirements on the shape of a radiation beam, and for a macro base station antenna, the requirements on gain and a downward inclination angle are required to be met, the horizontal half-power angle is required to be consistent, and the antenna must fall in a specified angle interval, so that the requirements on reducing noise and improving space diversity are met. The base station antenna needs to ensure signal coverage and simultaneously reduce signal overlapping areas as much as possible, which requires more precise radiation pattern control-not only cross polarization, front-to-back ratio and side lobe suppression are required to meet the requirements, but also the half-power angle is limited in a specified interval, and some special applications even put more strict requirements on the beam shape.
At present, most base station antennas are divided into a plurality of mutually independent systems according to frequency, polarization direction and independent electric regulation, and each system is usually composed of a row of same-frequency array elements. For a system, a linear array is arranged in the vertical direction, and the corresponding half-power angle is mainly determined by the number and the spacing of array elements; and only one array element is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the corresponding half-power angle can be controlled only through a boundary. The above reality determines that the optimization of the horizontal half-power angle becomes a difficult problem for designing the base station antenna. Because high-frequency and low-frequency array elements are staggered and combined in an array mode, the influence on a high-frequency half-power angle must be considered when the low-frequency half-power angle is optimized; on the contrary, the influence on the high-frequency half-power angle is also considered when the high-frequency half-power angle is optimized. Not only here, the miniaturization of base station antenna makes the coupling between the system more serious, and the electromagnetic coupling of array element between the adjacent two rows, especially the electromagnetic coupling between the low frequency array element makes radiation beam warp seriously, and the horizontal wave width widens, and the gain descends. The general design process in the prior art is as follows: the radiation pattern of each array element can meet the index requirement by optimizing boundary means such as flanging of a reflecting plate, a spacing strip, rising of the array element, bending of a floor, slotting of the floor, loading of a parasitic unit and the like. The design method can ensure that the overall performance of the antenna reaches the standard, however, the design difficulty is high, the optimization parameters are more, a plurality of uncertain factors exist, and particularly, when the requirements on the size and the performance of the antenna are strict, all indexes are difficult to be simultaneously met only by optimizing the boundary. The design index is not met due to the fact that the horizontal half-power angle is too wide in many cases by simply depending on an optimization boundary; with the common 3dB bridge, "borrowing" one cell from another channel to compress the bandwidth again results in a too narrow half-power angle and also causes significant beam distortion. Aiming at solving the design problem.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a small-sized base station antenna with excellent performance, low cost, low loss, high isolation, wide beam width, and capable of realizing a desired half power angle, and a beam shaping method thereof.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a base station antenna with wide beam, high isolation and excellent performance and a beam shaping method thereof.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is provided:
the invention provides a base station antenna which comprises at least two rows of coaxially arranged radiating element arrays and cables for feeding the two rows of radiating elements respectively, wherein the cables are connected with the two rows of radiating elements through weak coupling bridges, and beams of the radiating elements are shaped through the weak coupling bridges.
Preferably, the weak coupling bridge is implemented by two microstrip lines, and comprises a coupling section, a transition section and four ports, wherein the four ports respectively comprise an input end, a coupling end, a straight-through end and an isolation end, the two microstrip lines are parallel in the coupling section, and impedance matching is implemented in the transition section.
Preferably, four ports of the weak coupling bridge are respectively connected with two rows of antenna array feed cables and corresponding array elements of the two rows of antenna arrays to form a binary subarray.
Preferably, the feed cables of the two rows of radiation units are respectively connected with the input end and the isolation end of the weak coupling bridge, the coupling end and the straight-through end are respectively connected with the two rows of radiation units, and the isolation end is kept highly isolated from the input end.
Preferably, the weak coupling bridge is made of a single-layer double-sided PCB, a feed point between the weak coupling bridge and the cable is welded on the front side of the PCB, and the cable is routed from the back side of the PCB.
The invention also provides a wave beam shaping method applied to the base station antenna, the wave beam shaping method is applied to the base station antenna, corresponding array elements of two rows of antennas of different channels realize wave beam superposition through a weak coupling bridge, four ports of the weak coupling bridge respectively comprise an input end, a coupling end, a straight-through end and an isolation end, the four ports are respectively connected with two rows of antenna array feed cables and the corresponding array elements of the two rows of antenna arrays to form a binary subarray, when the weak coupling bridge is adopted to carry out wave beam shaping on the binary subarray, when one channel is a using channel, the array element of the other channel is fed with a weak electric signal through the coupling end to be excited, and the array element and the corresponding array element in the main feed array of the using channel achieve the required horizontal half-power angle through wave beam superposition.
Preferably, the weak coupling bridge is connected with the phase shifters of the two columns of antenna array feed cables.
Preferably, the coupling coefficient of the weak coupling bridge is-20 dB to-10 dB.
Preferably, before the weak coupling bridge is used to perform beam shaping on the binary subarray, the method further includes a step of determining whether to load the weak coupling bridge to the binary subarray, where the step includes:
reading the electric field simulation result of each port excited respectively;
obtaining corresponding directional diagram data by linear superposition for each binary subarray combination;
comparing the data with a preset index, and calculating the fitness corresponding to the binary subarray combination;
and (4) performing binary particle swarm optimization on the process.
Preferably, the algorithm in the judgment process adopts a character string composed of 0 and 1 to represent the binary subarray permutation and combination, and respectively represents that the binary subarray is selected or not selected. For example: 0 represents that the binary subarray is selected, the corresponding oscillators are connected by the weak coupling bridge, 1 represents that the binary subarray is not selected, and the corresponding oscillators are not connected with the weak coupling bridge; or vice versa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention discloses a solution for consistency of two-column multiplexing horizontal beam half-power angles based on a weak coupling bridge, and by adopting the solution, the horizontal half-power angle is realized by beam-shaping (beam-reshaping), so that the required horizontal half-power angle is easily realized; at the same time, the front-to-back ratio and the cross polarization are improved to some extent.
The invention creatively provides a binary subarray which is grouped by using a weak coupling bridge, and a required horizontal half-power angle is realized by optimizing a binary subarray combined configuration scheme; the scheme of synthesizing horizontal beams by the weak coupling bridge utilizes the coupling end of the weak coupling bridge to apply weak excitation signals to another channel so as to counteract the influence of coupling between array elements and boundaries, replaces boundary optimization by beam superposition, converts the difficult boundary optimization problem into the easier beam superposition problem, relieves the design of a dual-channel dual-row antenna from complicated boundary optimization, greatly reduces the design difficulty and shortens the product design period; the consistency of the horizontal half-power angle is obviously improved, and the design interval of the horizontal half-power angle is expanded. In addition, the invention improves the front-to-back ratio and cross polarization of the antenna to a certain extent. The high-frequency and low-frequency array elements in the base station antenna are not influenced mutually, the simulation process is simplified, the solution of the horizontal half-power angle consistency is low in cost, and the base station antenna is convenient to deploy in batch in the base station antenna array.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a base station antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dual-column shared beam shaping method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a binary optimization process based on the binary particle swarm optimization algorithm.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the base station antenna of the present invention is schematically illustrated, and the base station antenna includes at least two rows of independently electrically adjusted radiating element arrays, each of the radiating element arrays includes a high-frequency radiating element 200 and a low-frequency radiating element 100, and the dual-frequency coaxial array antenna further includes cables 410 and 420 for feeding the high-frequency radiating element and the low-frequency radiating element, respectively, wherein the cable 410 for feeding the low-frequency radiating element 100 is connected to the low-frequency radiating elements in the two rows of radiating element arrays through a weak coupling bridge 300, and a beam of the radiating element is shaped through the weak coupling bridge 300. Further, the weak coupling bridge 300 is connected to the phase shifters of the two columns of antenna array feeder cables. Wherein the low-frequency radiation unit can be a medium-low frequency radiation unit.
The embodiment carries out beamforming on the middle and low frequency parts of the 698-960 MHz and 1710-2690 MHz double-frequency two-column coaxial array, and improves the uniformity of the half-power angle in the horizontal direction. In the two-column double-frequency coaxial array with the structure, two columns of independent electric tuning subsystems are limited by the internal space of the antenna, strong electromagnetic coupling occurs between the two columns, the coupling between low-frequency oscillators is particularly serious, and the design index of a low-frequency horizontal half-power angle is difficult to meet by adopting a conventional boundary optimization method. According to the invention, the low-frequency oscillators of the double-frequency coaxial array form reciprocal binary groups through the weak coupling bridge, the difficult and serious boundary optimization problem is converted into the binary array horizontal beam forming problem, and the phase of the binary group connecting cable is optimized by adjusting the length of the binary group connecting cable, so that the required horizontal half-power angle is realized.
In this embodiment, the weak coupling bridge is implemented by using two microstrip lines, and includes a coupling section, a transition section, and four ports, where the four ports respectively include an input end, a coupling end, a straight-through end, and an isolation end, and the two microstrip lines are parallel in the coupling section, and implement impedance matching in the transition section. Four ports of the weak coupling bridge are respectively connected with two rows of antenna array feed cables and corresponding array elements of the two rows of antenna arrays to form a plurality of binary sub-arrays.
Specifically, the feed cables of the two rows of radiating elements are respectively connected with the input end and the isolation end of the weak coupling bridge, the coupling end and the straight-through end are respectively connected with the two rows of radiating array elements, and the isolation end is highly isolated from the input end. The two columns of radiating array elements and the feed network have reciprocity.
The coupling coefficient of the weak coupling bridge is preferably-20 dB to-10 dB, and the working frequency is 690MHz to 960 MHz.
Specifically, the weak coupling bridge is made of a single-layer double-sided PCB, a feed point between the weak coupling bridge and the cable is welded on the front side of the PCB, and the cable is routed from the back side of the PCB. The PCB connected with the weak coupling bridges in different polarization directions are arranged in a back-to-back mode, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric medium of the coupling bridges is 3.0, the thickness of the PCB substrate is 0.76mm, copper foils on the back of the PCB are grounded, and the thickness of the copper foils is 0.035 mm.
Note that: in practical application, the configuration of the weak coupling bridge is related to the coupling coefficient, the power ratio of the phase shifter, the column spacing and the number of array elements contained in a single column, and an optimized configuration scheme needs to be obtained after optimization is performed through an optimization algorithm flow.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the beam shaping method is described by taking the base station antenna in the embodiment of fig. 1 as an example, and the beam shaping method is applied to the base station antenna as described above, where fig. 2 includes a left column of elements i (i is 1, … … N, N is a natural number), and a right column of elements i (i is 1, … … N, N is a natural number), corresponding array elements of two columns of antennas of different channels realize beam superposition by a 13dB weak coupling bridge (i is 1, … … N, N is a natural number), four ports of the weak coupling bridge respectively include an input port P1, a coupling port P3, a through port P2, and an isolation port P4, the four ports are respectively connected to two columns of antenna array feed cables and corresponding array elements of two columns of antenna arrays to form a binary sub-array, when one of the channels is a used channel, and the array element of the other channel is fed in a weak electric signal through the coupling end for excitation, and the array element and the corresponding array element in the main feed array of the used channel are superposed through wave beams to reach a required horizontal half-power angle. The concrete data show that the coupling coefficient S (P4, P1) of the input end P1 and the isolation end P4 is less than-25 dB, the coupling coefficient S (P2, P1) of the input end P1 and the through end P2 is > -0.4dB, and the coupling coefficient S (P3, P1) of the input end P1 and the coupling end P3 is-13.3 < S (P3, P1) < -12.8 dB.
For example, the base station antenna comprises a left channel and a right channel, when the left channel is used, the array element in the right channel is fed in a weak electric signal through a coupling end for excitation, and the array element and the corresponding array element in the left main feed array achieve the required horizontal half-power angle requirement through beam superposition; on the contrary, when the right channel is used, the array elements in the left channel are fed in weak electric signals through the coupling end to be excited, and the array elements and the corresponding array elements in the right main feed array are superposed through wave beams to meet the requirement of the required horizontal half-power angle.
As can be gathered from fig. 2, a successful implementation of the invention depends on an optimized combination of coupling coefficients and doublets of the weak coupling bridge. As shown in fig. 3, before the weak coupling bridge is used to perform beam shaping on the binary subarray, the method further includes a step of determining whether to load the weak coupling bridge to the binary subarray, where the step includes:
1) reading the electric field simulation result of each port excited respectively;
2) obtaining corresponding directional diagram data by linear superposition for each binary subarray combination;
3) comparing the data with a preset index, and calculating the fitness corresponding to the binary subarray combination;
4) and (4) performing binary particle swarm optimization on the process.
FIG. 3 is a binary optimization design flow based on a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm. Taking 698-960 MHz/1710-2690 MHz coaxial two-column antenna shown in FIG. 1 as an example, in the embodiment, the two-column shared horizontal beam shaping method of the weak coupling bridge is adopted in the 698-960 MHz low-frequency band, and the algorithm in the judgment process adopts a character string composed of 0 and 1 to represent binary subarray arrangement combination, which respectively represents that the binary subarray is selected or not selected. For example: 0 represents that the binary subarray is selected, the corresponding oscillators are connected by the weak coupling bridge, 1 represents that the binary subarray is not selected, and the corresponding oscillators are not connected with the weak coupling bridge; or vice versa.
Such as: "{ 10101 }" represents that the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th pairs of oscillators are connected by a bridge, and the 2 nd and 4 th pairs of oscillators are not added with a bridge. Various permutation combinations of the Binary groups are optimized by using a Binary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (Binary Particle Swarm Optimization), and the Optimization process is shown in fig. 3: firstly, electric field simulation results rEx/rEy/rEz of excitation respectively added to each port are read, corresponding directional diagram data can be obtained through linear superposition for each binary combination, the data are compared with design indexes, the fitness corresponding to the binary combinations is calculated, binary particle swarm optimization is carried out on the process, and the optimal configuration of the binary combinations can be obtained. In summary, the binary optimization process shown in fig. 3 solves the problem of which elements the weak coupling bridge is loaded on.
Furthermore, in order to realize accurate control of the horizontal half-power angle without deforming the beam, the bridge coupling coefficient is preferably-20 dB to-10 dB in consideration of the manufacturing process and cost. For flexibility of implementation, different coupling coefficients may be selected, such as: -10dB/-13dB/-16dB serialized weak coupled bridges.
The invention discloses a base station antenna double-row sharing shaping scheme based on a weak coupling bridge, which adopts a strategy completely different from the traditional design method of eliminating coupling through an optimized boundary.
It should be noted that: the beam-shaping (beam-shaping) scheme disclosed in the present invention is fundamentally different from what is commonly referred to as beam-shaping (beam-shaping) technology. The expression is as follows: the specific horizontal half-power angle is realized by optimizing the combination of the coupling coefficient and the binary group of the weak coupling bridge; and the beam forming is to adjust the beam shape and the pointing direction by optimizing the phase of the array elements. Further, the present invention has the following features: 1) and establishing a plurality of binary subarrays between the two channels which are independently electrically adjusted through the weak coupling bridge. The coupling coefficient of the weak coupling bridge is usually below-10 dB, and due to the application flexibility, serialized weak coupling bridges with different coupling coefficients can be designed; 2) the required horizontal half-power angle is realized by flexibly configuring the coupling coefficient of the electric bridge and optimizing the binary array permutation and combination.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A base station antenna is characterized by comprising at least two rows of independent electrically-adjusted radiating element arrays and cables for feeding the two rows of radiating elements respectively, wherein the cables are connected with the two rows of radiating elements through weak coupling bridges and used for shaping beams of the radiating elements;
the beam shaping method applied to the base station antenna comprises the following steps: the corresponding array elements of two rows of antennas of different channels realize beam superposition through a weak coupling bridge, the coupling coefficient of the coupling bridge is-20 dB to-10 dB, four ports of the weak coupling bridge respectively comprise an input end, a coupling end, a straight-through end and an isolation end, the four ports are respectively connected with two rows of antenna array feed cables and the corresponding array elements of the two rows of antenna arrays to form a binary subarray, when a phase shifter connected with the two rows of antenna array feed cables is adopted to connect the weak coupling bridge to carry out beam shaping on the binary subarray, when one channel is a using channel, the array element of the other channel is fed with a weak electric signal through the coupling end to be excited, and the array element corresponding to the main feed power array of the using channel achieves a required horizontal half-power angle through beam superposition;
before the weak coupling bridge is adopted to carry out beam shaping on the binary subarray, the method also comprises the step of judging whether the weak coupling bridge is loaded to the binary subarray, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, reading the simulation result of the electric field excited by each port;
step 1.2, obtaining corresponding directional diagram data by linear superposition for each binary subarray combination;
step 1.3, comparing the data with a preset index, and calculating the fitness corresponding to the binary subarray combination;
and step 1.4, performing binary particle swarm optimization on the step 1.1 to the step 1.3.
2. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the weak coupling bridge is implemented by using two microstrip lines, and comprises a coupling section, a transition section and four ports, wherein the four ports respectively comprise an input end, a coupling end, a straight-through end and an isolation end, the two microstrip lines are parallel in the coupling section, and impedance matching is implemented in the transition section.
3. The base station antenna of claim 2, wherein four ports of the weak coupling bridge are respectively connected to two rows of antenna array feeder cables and corresponding array elements of two rows of antenna arrays to form a binary subarray.
4. The base station antenna of claim 3, wherein the isolation terminal is maintained at a high isolation from the input terminal.
5. The base station antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein the weak coupling bridge is made of a single-layer double-sided PCB, and the feeding point between the weak coupling bridge and the cable is soldered on the front side of the PCB, and the cable is routed from the back side of the PCB.
6. The base station antenna of claim 1, wherein the algorithm in the determining process uses a string of 0 and 1 to represent a binary subarray permutation combination, which respectively represents whether the binary subarray is selected or not selected.
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| CN102969575A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Multi-frequency array antenna |
| CN103326099A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-25 | 三维通信股份有限公司 | Compact broadband high-balance-degree allocator |
| CN103682628A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Antenna device and method for forming antennas |
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| WO2009086219A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-07-09 | Rayspan Corporation | Multi-metamaterial-antenna systems with directional couplers |
| KR102116278B1 (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2020-05-29 | 주식회사 케이엠더블유 | Multi-polarization antenna with isolation supply device |
| CN106711622B (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2023-09-01 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Antenna array and antenna |
| CN106848608B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2020-03-17 | 东南大学 | Broadband mixed beam forming integrated antenna array |
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| CN103682628A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Antenna device and method for forming antennas |
| JP2014112824A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-06-19 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | Antenna device |
| CN102969575A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-13 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Multi-frequency array antenna |
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