CN107611597B - Low-profile strong-coupling subarray with shaped beams and capable of being used as array elements and design method - Google Patents
Low-profile strong-coupling subarray with shaped beams and capable of being used as array elements and design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107611597B CN107611597B CN201710612625.7A CN201710612625A CN107611597B CN 107611597 B CN107611597 B CN 107611597B CN 201710612625 A CN201710612625 A CN 201710612625A CN 107611597 B CN107611597 B CN 107611597B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of shaped beam antennas, and discloses a design method, an implementation method and a specific structure of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray which has a shaped beam and can be used as an array element. The low-profile strong-coupling subarray with the shaped beam and capable of being used as an array element is composed of a plurality of tiny units and a feed structure, only one feed point is arranged, the shape of a directional diagram of the subarray is controlled by the feed structure, and the size of the subarray is about the wavelength corresponding to half of the central working frequency. The subarray provided by the invention can be used independently as a single antenna, and shaped beams are realized by the size of a conventional antenna; the array element can be used as an array element of an array antenna, the space between the array elements meets the requirement of avoiding the appearance of grating lobes, and the subarray is used as the array element of the phased array antenna, so that the problem that the wide-angle scanning gain in the current phased array antenna design is obviously reduced is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shaped beam antennas, and particularly relates to a design scheme, an implementation method and a specific structure of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray which has a shaped beam and can be used as an array element.
Background
In satellite communication, in order to meet the requirement of effective omnidirectional radiation power of a certain ground service area, a shaped beam antenna is forced to be adopted by a communication antenna. The shaped beam antenna can reduce the interference of ground stations outside the coverage area to the satellite system, improve the spectrum utilization rate of the system and the capacity of channels, improve the effective omnidirectional radiation power and the quality factor value of a receiving system, and simplify and reduce the cost of the satellite ground station terminal equipment. The existing shaped beam antenna used in satellite communication mainly adopts a multi-feed source shaped antenna or a reflector shaped antenna, and has the disadvantages of high design difficulty, high processing precision requirement and higher profile of the antenna.
In mobile communication, many large venues currently have high traffic demand for holding some important events or special events, and the available frequency resources are limited, so that a large amount of frequency reuse is required to achieve the optimal capacity. Since the antenna lobes of a shaped-beam antenna tend to be rectangular in cross-sectional direction, the coverage waveform can substantially conform to the geometry of the venue seat; in addition, the shaped beam antenna can be rapidly contracted in the external lobe of the half-power angle no matter in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction, and the interference among cells with the same frequency can be well inhibited. The characteristics enable the shaped beam antenna to effectively eliminate the coverage overlapping or blind area of adjacent multiplexing cellular areas, enable the boundaries of the cells to be clear as much as possible, and improve the frequency multiplexing efficiency and the indoor distribution system capacity of the venue to the greatest extent. The existing shaped beam antenna applied to a venue usually needs several antennas to be used together to meet the coverage requirement, or a large-caliber traditional array antenna is used to realize shaped beam coverage.
In the design of an array antenna, according to the antenna theory, the gain of an antenna array is equal to the sum of the gain of an array factor and the gain of an array element. In practical application, when the array factor gain is determined, the main factor influencing the antenna array gain is the gain of the array element. The maximum radiation direction of the traditional array element is generally in the normal direction of the plane of the antenna array, and the gain of the array element is obviously reduced at a larger angle deviating from the maximum radiation direction, so that the gain of the antenna array is obviously reduced. In addition, the pattern shape of the traditional array element is often fixed and cannot be adjusted according to the pattern index requirement of the array antenna. Therefore, the low-profile phased-array antenna formed by the traditional array elements inevitably has the problem of obvious reduction of gain during large-angle scanning, and limits the wide-angle scanning performance of the low-profile phased-array antenna. If the array element can have a shaped beam with a concave center, the problem of large-angle scanning gain reduction of the wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna can be fundamentally solved.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the existing reflector shaped beam antenna has the problems of high design difficulty, high processing precision requirement and high profile; the shaped beam array antenna has the problem of large caliber size.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a design scheme, an implementation method and a specific structure of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray which has a shaped beam and can be used as an array element.
The invention is realized in this way, a design scheme of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray with a shaped beam and capable of being used as an array element, the subarray is composed of a plurality of tiny units and a feed structure, only one feed point is provided, the shape of a directional diagram of the subarray is controlled by the feed structure, the size of the subarray is equivalent to that of a traditional array element, and the subarray is controlled to be about a wavelength corresponding to half a central working frequency. A plurality of small units forming a sub-array are closely arranged, and the sub-array belongs to a strong coupling array.
Further, another objective of the present invention is to provide a method for implementing the low-profile strong-coupling subarray having a shaped beam and capable of being used as an array element, which specifically includes:
(1) selecting the type of the micro unit forming the subarray or the combination of several types of micro units according to the shape requirement of the subarray directional diagram; determining the arrangement mode of the micro units in the sub array by combining the directional diagram characteristics of the micro units and the target directional diagram shape of the sub array;
(2) the coupling effect among all the tiny units and the truncation effect of the edge of the subarray are considered in the beam forming process of the subarray; realizing the beam forming of the subarray by adopting a beam forming technology based on a time reversal method;
(3) after the feeding amplitude and phase distribution of each tiny unit in the subarray are determined, the amplitude and phase distribution is realized by adopting a feeding structure with low loss characteristics.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a specific structure of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray having a shaped beam and capable of being used as an array element, where the low-profile strong-coupling subarray includes: a dielectric plate at the uppermost part of the subarray, a dielectric plate at the feed structure part of the subarray, a metal reflecting plate, a micro unit of the subarray, parallel double wires, a micro-strip serial feed line, a feed point of the subarray and a metal floor at the feed structure part of the subarray;
the micro-unit is a five-element printed dipole, is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric slab and is placed in parallel with the metal reflecting slab, and all dipoles are parallel to each other and are equal in distance to the metal reflecting slab. Two arms of each printed dipole are equal in length, the two arms are respectively connected with parallel double-conducting wires positioned on the second dielectric plate, the parallel double-conducting wires are connected with the microstrip series feeder through a gradual change structure, and a metal reflecting plate is arranged at the bottommost part of the subarray structure.
Furthermore, the amplitude and phase distribution of the five-element printed dipole is realized through a feed structure of a sub-array consisting of the parallel double-lead wires, the micro-strip serial feed line and the metal floor on the second dielectric plate; and the metal reflecting plate at the bottommost part of the subarray structure is used for assisting in controlling the direction and the shape of the wave beam.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the subarray size of the embodiment of the invention is 0.60 lambda multiplied by 0.42 lambda, the subarray directional diagram is symmetrically distributed with the maximum radiation direction in the direction deviating from the normal direction by 47 degrees, the gain in the normal direction of the array plane, namely the center of the directional diagram, is lower than the maximum gain of 2.5dBi, the 3dB beam width reaches 154 degrees, and the invention has the wide beam characteristic of 'central depression'.
The invention realizes the low-profile strong coupling sub-array with the shaped beam according to the size of the conventional antenna, the sub-array can be used independently as a single antenna or as an array element of an array antenna, and grating lobes can not appear in a wide scanning angle range. The subarray is used as an array element of the phased array antenna, and the problem that the wide-angle scanning gain in the existing phased array antenna design is obviously reduced is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of beam synthesis of a low-profile strong-coupling subarray which has a shaped beam and can be used as an array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a beam forming technique based on time reversal method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a subarray structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an a-plane structure of a feeding structure of a sub-array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic B-plane structure diagram of a feeding structure of a sub-array provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a diagram of a subarray pattern provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a beam control system; 2. a dielectric plate at the uppermost part of the subarray; 3. a dielectric plate of a feed structure portion of the sub-array; 4. a metal reflective plate; 5. a microcell of the sub-array; 6. parallel double-conductor; 7. a microstrip series feed line; 8. a feed point of the sub-array; 9. a metal floor of the feed structure portion of the sub-array.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a subarray which can be used as an array element and is composed of a plurality of tiny units and a feed structure, and the subarray is provided with a shaped beam. The size of the subarray is equivalent to that of the traditional array element, and the subarray is controlled to be about the wavelength corresponding to half of the central working frequency. The small units forming the sub-array must be closely arranged, the sub-array belongs to a strong coupling array, and the coupling effect among the small units and the truncation effect of the edge of the sub-array need to be considered in the design process of the sub-array.
The implementation method of the strong coupling subarray provided by the embodiment of the invention mainly comprises three parts.
(1) The layout design of the small unit selection and the sub-array which form the sub-array.
And reasonably selecting the type of the tiny units forming the subarray or the combination of a plurality of types of tiny units according to the shape requirement of the subarray directional diagram. As shown in fig. 1, it is conceivable to use a mixed cell type of minute cells having a difference pattern and minute cells having a sum pattern, and synthesize an ideal subarray pattern shape using as few minute cells as possible. And then determining the arrangement mode of the micro cells in the subarray by combining the characteristics of the selected micro cell type directional diagram and the shape of the target directional diagram of the subarray.
(2) Sub-array beamforming
The subarray belongs to a strong coupling array, and the coupling effect among all the tiny units and the truncation effect of the edge of the subarray need to be considered in the beamforming process of the subarray. The directional diagram synthesis method based on the time reversal method is not limited by the type, the arrangement mode and the array structure of the array elements, and can automatically take the factors such as platform influence, mutual coupling of the array elements and the like into consideration. The invention provides a method for realizing sub-array beam forming by adopting a beam forming technology based on a time reversal method, and the processing method is shown in figure 2.
(3) Feed structure design of subarrays
After the feed amplitude and phase distribution of each tiny unit in the subarray are determined, the feed structure design of the subarray can be carried out by adopting a traditional feed network design method. In the design, not only the accuracy of amplitude and phase distribution is ensured, but also the loss caused by the feed structure is reduced as much as possible.
As shown in fig. 3, the strongly coupled subarray provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes: a dielectric plate 2 at the uppermost part of the subarray, a dielectric plate 3 at the feed structure part of the subarray, a metal reflecting plate 4, a micro-unit 5 of the subarray, a parallel double-wire 6, a micro-strip serial feed line 7, a feed point 8 of the subarray and a metal floor 9 at the feed structure part of the subarray.
The micro-unit 5 forming the sub-array adopted by the embodiment of the invention is a five-element printed dipole, and the amplitude and phase distribution of the five-element printed dipole is realized through a feed structure of the sub-array consisting of the parallel double-conductor 6, the micro-strip serial feeder 7 and the metal floor 9 on the second dielectric plate 3. Five-element dipoles are printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric plate 2, two arms of the printed dipoles are respectively connected with the parallel double-wire 6 positioned on the second dielectric plate 3, and balanced feed is realized by using the parallel double-wire 6, so that the directional diagram symmetry of the E surface is ensured, and the longitudinal polarization component is reduced. The parallel double-lead 6 is connected with the microstrip serial feed line 7 through a gradual change structure, and the microstrip serial feed line 7 is utilized to control the amplitude and phase distribution of each printed dipole feed so that the subarray has a specific directional diagram shape. The metal reflecting plate 4 is arranged at the bottommost part of the subarray structure and plays a role in assisting in controlling the direction and the shape of a directional diagram wave beam.
The five-element dipoles are arranged in parallel with the metal reflecting plate 4, the distances between all the dipoles and the metal reflecting plate 4 are equal, all the dipoles are parallel, and two arms of each dipole are equal in length. The dipole in the middle is longest, and plays a certain role in reflecting the radiation of the dipoles at two sides; the outermost dipole is shortest, and plays a certain guiding role in the radiation of the longer dipole on the same side. The size of the sub-array is controlled to be about the wavelength corresponding to half the central working frequency, and the sub-array belongs to a strong coupling array.
Fig. 4 and 5 are schematic structural diagrams of the a-plane and B-plane of the feed structure of the sub-array on the second dielectric plate 3, respectively. The A surface is printed with a microstrip serial feed line 7 and one of the parallel double-lead wires 6, one end of the wire is connected with one arm of the dipole, and the other end of the wire is connected with the microstrip serial feed line 7. The position shown at 8 on the microstrip series feed line is the feed point of the sub-array. The surface B is printed with a metal floor 9 of the feed structure part of the sub-array and the other conductor of the parallel twin conductor 6, one end of the conductor is connected with the other arm of the dipole, and the other end is connected with the metal floor 9 through a small section of transition structure.
The sub-array shown in fig. 3 is beamformed using the time-reversal based beamforming technique shown in fig. 2. When the amplitude and phase distribution of the five-element dipoles forming the subarray take values as shown in table 1, the subarray directional diagram with the characteristic of central depression in the H plane as shown in fig. 6 is obtained. The subarray directional diagram is symmetrically distributed with the maximum radiation direction in the direction deviating from the normal direction by 47 degrees, the gain in the normal direction of an array plane, namely the center of the directional diagram is lower than the maximum gain by 2.5dBi, the 3dB beam width reaches 154 degrees, and the subarray directional diagram has the characteristic of wide beam with a 'center depression', and is very suitable for being used as a unit of a wide-angle scanning phased array antenna.
TABLE 1 amplitude and phase distribution of quinary dipoles constituting a subarray
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A design method of a low-profile strong coupling subarray which has a shaped beam and can be used as an array element is characterized in that the design method of the low-profile strong coupling subarray which has the shaped beam and can be used as the array element comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the type of the micro unit forming the subarray or the combination of several types of micro units according to the shape requirement of the subarray directional diagram; determining the arrangement mode of the micro units in the sub-array by combining the directional diagram characteristics of the selected micro units and the target directional diagram shape of the sub-array;
(2) in the beam forming process of the subarray, the coupling effect among all the tiny units and the truncation effect of the edge of the subarray need to be considered; realizing the beam forming of the subarray by adopting a beam forming technology based on a time reversal method;
(3) after the feeding amplitude and the phase distribution of each tiny unit in the subarray are determined, the amplitude and the phase distribution are realized by adopting a feeding structure with low loss characteristic;
the low-profile strong-coupling subarray comprises: the metal floor board comprises a first dielectric board on the uppermost part of the subarray, a second dielectric board of a feed structure part of the subarray, a metal reflecting board, a tiny unit of the subarray, five groups of parallel double conductors, a micro-strip serial feed line, a feed point of the subarray and a feed structure part of the subarray;
the micro unit is a five-element printed dipole, is printed on the lower surface of the first dielectric slab and is placed in parallel with the metal reflecting plate, and all dipoles are parallel to each other and have the same distance with the metal reflecting plate; two arms of each printed dipole are equal in length and are respectively connected with a group of parallel double-conducting wires positioned on the second dielectric plate, each group of parallel double-conducting wires are connected with the microstrip series feeder through a gradual change structure, and a metal reflecting plate is arranged at the bottommost part of the subarray structure;
the amplitude and phase distribution of the five-element printed dipole is realized through a feed structure of a subarray consisting of five groups of parallel double-lead wires, a micro-strip serial feed line and a metal floor on the second dielectric plate; the direction and the shape of a wave beam are controlled by the aid of a metal reflecting plate at the bottommost part of the subarray structure;
the second medium plate comprises an A surface and a B surface which are opposite; a microstrip serial feed line and one of the wires of each group of parallel double wires are printed on the surface A, one end of each wire is connected with one arm of the dipole, and the other end of each wire is connected with the microstrip serial feed line; the surface B is printed with a metal floor of a feed structure part of the subarray and another wire of each group of parallel double wires, one end of the wire is connected with the other arm of the dipole, and the other end of the wire is connected with the metal floor through a section of transition structure.
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| CN2558098Y (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-06-25 | 正文科技股份有限公司 | Array type plane antenna |
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| US5686928A (en) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-11-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Phased array antenna for radio frequency identification |
| US8928542B2 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2015-01-06 | CBF Networks, Inc. | Backhaul radio with an aperture-fed antenna assembly |
| US9166301B2 (en) * | 2012-02-13 | 2015-10-20 | AMI Research & Development, LLC | Travelling wave antenna feed structures |
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| CN2558098Y (en) * | 2002-05-27 | 2003-06-25 | 正文科技股份有限公司 | Array type plane antenna |
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| 微带串馈赋形波束阵列天线研究;周娜;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库信息科技辑》;20150115(第1期);全文第1章第8页-第3章第39页，附图2.7-3.2 * |
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