CN106848608A - The forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam - Google Patents
The forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN106848608A CN106848608A CN201710055879.3A CN201710055879A CN106848608A CN 106848608 A CN106848608 A CN 106848608A CN 201710055879 A CN201710055879 A CN 201710055879A CN 106848608 A CN106848608 A CN 106848608A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam, including two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array, aerial array and control and alignment unit；Two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array includes at least one with phase work(sub-module and multiple two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units, it is used to that radiofrequency signal multi-channel rf signal will be divided into phase constant amplitude work(all the way with phase work(sub-module, two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit is included for amplifying the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module of radio-frequency channel signal and for adjusting the phase of radio-frequency channel and the orthogonal synthesis phase shift block of amplitude；Aerial array is used to radiate or receive the signal of each radio-frequency channel；Control is used to be controlled and calibration the beam forming of the whole forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam with one end of alignment unit.By the antenna array, the high precision of each radio-frequency channel signal adjustment can in the horizontal plane form accurate, Sidelobe or the beam position without secondary lobe, be more beneficial for carrying out multi-user's communication simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radio communication MIMO transmitting-receiving array, especially design a kind of high performance broadband mixed-beam into
Shape integral antenna battle array, belongs to communication multi-beam synthesis application technology.
Background technology
In the 5th third-generation mobile communication, the data transmission bauds between user terminal and base station will be increased substantially, therefore, it is single
The communication system of one passage will progressively be eliminated, and extensive MIMO technology will turn into the crucial skill of the 5th Generation Mobile Communication System
Art.But, with the increase of radio-frequency channel number and aerial array number, the hardware cost of communication base station is also significantly increasing
Plus, digital beam forming base station requires one complete radio-frequency channel of each aerial array correspondence and digital base band processor list
Unit, therefore hardware design is complicated, and a large amount of high-speed widebands analog-digital converter and high speed numerical processor unit not
It is only expensive, and power consumption is big, and control is complicated, is unfavorable for carrying out the large-scale integrated application of base station.
By contrast, the mixed-beam shaped structure for being combined with the phase shift of radio frequency analog domain using digital baseband domain precoding,
Digital hardware can be effectively reduced, system complexity is reduced, in actual applications with great advantage.Wherein, directly penetrating
Frequency link enters horizontal phasing control to radiofrequency signal has the advantages that response speed and accurate phase shifting accuracy very high, compared to
Other phase-shift structures, phase shift is undoubtedly that structure is simplest on radio frequency link, and will not introduce extra noise so that penetrating
The signal-to-noise ratio degradation of frequency signal.
And the phase shift block in radio frequency link often turns into the bottleneck of restriction radio frequency link phase shift development, traditional electricity is adjusted and moved
Phase device or digital phase shifter have that price is high, and precision is low and shortcoming of narrow bandwidth；Vector modulator chip can have compared with
Precision high, but used as phase shift block under low-frequency range (being less than 2.4GHz) mostly at present.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention to provide one kind and can in the horizontal plane form accurate wave beam
The forming integrated antenna array of high performance wideband mixed-beam of sensing, can be applied to multi-user beam-forming communication system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a kind of forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam, including two-way shifting
Mutually receive and dispatch array, aerial array and control and alignment unit；Wherein：
Two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array includes at least one with phase work(sub-module and multiple two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units；With phase work(
Sub-module includes multiple power splitters, for that radiofrequency signal will be divided into multi-channel rf signal with phase constant amplitude work(all the way；Two-way phase shift is received
Bill unit includes the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module and orthogonal synthesis phase shift block of electrical connection, and radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module is used to amplify
Radio-frequency channel signal, orthogonal synthesis phase shift block is used to adjust the phase and amplitude of radio-frequency channel, and radio-frequency channel includes receiving
With transmission signal passage；Aerial array includes multiple antenna elements, the signal for radiating or receiving each radio-frequency channel；Control with
One end of alignment unit is connected with each two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit, other end connection LTE Baseband Processing Unit, for whole broadband
The beam forming of the forming integrated antenna array of mixed-beam is controlled and calibration.
Further, orthogonal synthesis phase shift block include orthocoupler, the first numerical-control attenuator, the 3rd RF switch,
First line transformer, the second numerical-control attenuator, the 4th RF switch, the second line transformer and power combiner；
The input of orthocoupler is connected with phase work(sub-module, and 0 degree of output end of orthocoupler sequentially passes through the first numerical control attenuation
Device, the 3rd RF switch, the first line transformer are connected with the first input port of power combiner；The 90 of orthocoupler
Degree output end sequentially passes through the of the second numerical-control attenuator, the 4th RF switch, the second line transformer and power combiner
Two input ports are connected, and the public port of power combiner is connected with the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module.
Further, orthocoupler, numerical-control attenuator, RF switch, transmission line variator and power combiner are equal
Using broadband device, band of operation is 500MHz, and centre frequency coverage is from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz.
Further, radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module include receive amplify link, transmitting amplify link, the first RF switch and
Second RF switch；Wherein, the common port connection orthogonal synthesis phase shift block of the first RF switch, the transmitting of the first RF switch
Amplify the emission port of the RF switch of link connection second by launching in port；The common port connection antenna array of the second RF switch
Row, the receiving port of the second RF switch amplifies the receiving port of the RF switch of link connection first by receiving.
Further, link is amplified in transmitting includes the bandpass filter, radio frequency amplifier and the power amplifier that are sequentially connected,
Sent after for the signal from orthogonal synthesis phase shift block out to be filtered and amplified when RF switch is dialled in emission port
Enter aerial array to be radiated；Receiving amplification link includes that the low-noise amplifier, bandpass filter and the radio frequency that are sequentially connected are put
Big device, for when RF switch is dialled in receiving port to from antenna array receiver to radiofrequency signal be amplified and filter after
Feeding orthogonal synthesis phase shift block.
Further, low-noise amplifier working frequency range is 50MHz~4GHz, and noise coefficient is 1.5dB；Radio frequency amplifier
Working range in 50MHz~6GHz；The working range of power amplifier is in 200MHz~6GHz；The performance of bandpass filter will
Ask as Insertion Loss is less than 2dB in passband, band stray suppresses to reach 30dB.
Further, control includes control unit, control interface and read-only storage with alignment unit；Read-only storage and control
Portion's connection communication processed, the input connection LTE Baseband Processing Unit of control unit, output end connects each two-way phase shift and receives by control interface
Bill unit；Control unit can select PLD or single-chip microcomputer.
Further, control word table is stored in read-only storage, the control word table is included as the advance of control word
The phase and range value of write-in；The phase and range value being previously written are each radio-frequency channel to be carried out just by LTE Baseband Processing Unit
Write during beginning phase alignment, including the initial phase value and relative change correspondence of each radio-frequency channel are controlled.
Further, LTE Baseband Processing Unit is logical for different radio frequencies when initial phase calibration is carried out to each radio-frequency channel
Be adjusted to initial amplitude unanimously by road, and only initial phase is different.
Further, integral antenna battle array uses linear array configuration, including at least two groups two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarrays
With at least one set of sub-array antenna；The aerial array includes multiple antenna elements and multiple power splitters, the common port of power splitter
Connection antenna element, two two-way phase shift transmitting-receivings in the two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarray of separating end connection two adjacent groups of power splitter
Unit.
Further, antenna element uses broadband dipole, and bandwidth range is 500MHz.
Beneficial effect：
(1) by receiving and dispatching the adjustment of each channel amplitude and phase of array to two-way phase shift, can be in the horizontal plane
Form accurate beam position, it is possible to which antenna sidelobe is suppressed；And beam-pointing accuracy is up to 0.31 degree, coverage
Up to 110 degree；Conversion time between different angles can realize completion in 3us by orthogonal synthesis phase shift block, no
Influence the normal transmission of traffic symbols.
(2) orthogonal synthesis phase shift block can respectively be adjusted to the phase of signal and amplitude, and radiofrequency signal is adjusted in each passage
Whole phase accuracy can reach 1 degree, and amplitude precision can reach 0.5dB；The Sidelobe of generation or without secondary lobe wave beam, to reduce secondary lobe
Interference, is more beneficial for carrying out multi-user while this function that communicates；And orthogonal synthesis phase shift block does not change the frequency of radiofrequency signal
Rate, therefore to the effect of phase noise very little of radiofrequency signal, had no effect on when line amplitude and phase adjustment is entered to radiofrequency signal
Signal phase noise in itself.
(3) due to controlling radiofrequency signal phase and changes in amplitude using passive orthogonal synthesis phase shift block so that pass
Defeated signal band stray is considerably less, and the noise of introducing is also considerably less, and the signal to noise ratio to radiofrequency signal deteriorates without obvious.
(4) orthogonal each device of phase shift synthesis module of the invention use broadband device, bandwidth of operation up to 500MHz, and
And centre frequency coverage is from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz, the band segment of following 5th third-generation mobile communication can be covered, solved
Traditional structure coverage is narrow, the narrow shortcoming of bandwidth of operation.
(5) LTE Baseband Processing Unit can individually be adjusted by control unit to the amplitude and phase of signal in each radio-frequency channel
Whole, control method is easy；Control uses automatic calibrating mode with alignment unit, can be automatic with LTE Baseband Processing Unit by control unit
Initial phase is calibrated, time and the wasting of resources is reduced.
(6) two groups of two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarrays can be respectively to being input into radiofrequency signal carry out beam forming, by work(point
Different subarrays is connected to same group of sub-array antenna and two not phases can be given off on same group of sub-array antenna by device
Dry wave beam, it is independent mutually, it is independent of each other, so as to realize with two users while carrying out the purpose of communications；Likewise,
Subarray can be received and dispatched by multiple two-way phase shifts and share one or more groups of sub-array antennas, to realize that carrying out multi-user simultaneously leads to
Letter.
(7) aerial array uses linear array structure, can increase antenna radiated power, improves directionality, and group battle array is simple, antenna
Between mutual coupling it is smaller；Aerial array uses broadband dipole, wide coverage, it is ensured that the electromagnetic wave in the range of working band
Signal can be launched and receive, low manufacture cost.
(8) integral antenna battle array realizes individually control using modularization innovation design to each two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit,
The two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit in part can still keep accurate beam position in the case of damaging, while can also be with standby
Unit replaces the two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit of damage, to improve the stability of a system and reduce maintenance cost；Meanwhile, modularization
Design be also greatly reduced the cost of system and the complexity of circuit, ensure phase shifting accuracy with response speed while it is big
Width reduces band stray amplitude and improves the phase noise specifications of signal；Overall structure is simple, makes and maintenance cost
Also it is very low.
Brief description of the drawings
The forming integrated antenna array structural representation of mixed-beam that Fig. 1 is provided for the present invention.
The module diagram of the two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit that Fig. 2 is provided for the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the control for providing of the invention and alignment unit schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is orthogonal phase shift synthesis module principle schematic.
Reception state beam scanning test result in the horizontal plane that Fig. 5 is provided for the present invention
Emission state beam scanning test result in the horizontal plane that Fig. 6 is provided for the present invention
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, embodiment 1 discloses a kind of forming integrated antenna array of high performance wideband mixed-beam, including it is two-way
Phase shift transmitting-receiving array, aerial array and control and alignment unit.Wherein,
Two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array is included with phase work(sub-module 6 and multiple two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units 1.Each two-way phase shift is received
Bill unit 1 includes the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module 4 and orthogonal synthesis phase shift block 5 that are connected with each other, radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module 4 again
For amplifying radio-frequency channel signal, orthogonal synthesis phase shift block 5 is used to adjust the phase and amplitude of radio-frequency channel；Radio-frequency receiving-transmitting
The other end connection aerial array of front-end module 4, the other end of orthogonal synthesis phase shift block 5 is connected to phase work(sub-module 6, together
The other end connection control of phase work(sub-module 6 and alignment unit.It is used to carry out the radiofrequency signal of input together with phase work(sub-module 6
Phase work(is divided into N roads, and each two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit is input into respectively.
Aerial array 2 comprises at least multiple antenna elements 21 is used to radiate and receive the signal of each radio-frequency channel, antenna
Array 2 can also include power splitter 22, for the different radio frequency signal of several submatrixs to be synthesized all the way.
Control to be used to control the beam forming of the whole forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam with alignment unit 3
System and calibration.As shown in Fig. 2 radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module 4 amplifies link, transmitting amplification link, the first RF switch by receiving
41 and second RF switch 42 constitute, RF switch 41 and 42 be used for receive and transmitting chain switching；Receive and amplify link
Input connection second connects the output end of RF switch 42, and output end connects the input of the first RF switch 41；Transmitting is amplified
The input of link connects the output end of the first RF switch 41, and output end connects the input of the second RF switch 42.Receive
Amplifying link includes the low-noise amplifier 43, the first bandpass filter 44 and the first radio frequency amplifier 45 that are sequentially connected；Transmitting
Amplifying link includes the second bandpass filter 47, the second radio frequency amplifier 46 and the power amplifier 48 that are sequentially connected.
Bandpass filter is used to filter out-of-band interference, including the base station radio-frequency input impure introducing of frequency spectrum in itself interference.
Here other forms, such as one high-pass filter and a combination for low pass filter can also be used；Radio frequency amplifier is used
It is only lossy without gain because orthogonal coupling module is passive in the loss for offsetting whole link, therefore need in rear stage
RF receiving and transmission module increase radio frequency amplifier, radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module 4 includes two radio frequency amplifiers in embodiment, but real
In this, the number and model of radio frequency amplifier depend on the power output for needing to radio frequency amplifier unlimited number in the application of border,
The radio frequency amplifier of one or more numbers can be included according to actual needs；
Low-noise amplifier 43 is used to carry out low noise amplification to the signal for receiving, due to the radio frequency for receiving in space
Signal is fainter, and the noise of amplifier itself can be extremely serious to the interference of signal, and the noise of low-noise amplifier itself
It is very small, interference can't be produced to radiofrequency signal, it is significantly reduced Signal-to-Noise.
Power amplifier 48 is used to carry out final stage amplification to the signal launched, and the signal power needed during due to transmitting compares
Greatly, the Common radio frequency prosperity device linearity cannot meet requirement, and the linearity of power amplifier is very excellent, can complete Gao Gong
The amplification output of rate.
The working condition of the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module 4 is divided into emission state and reception state, in reception state, the
In receiving terminal, low-noise amplifier 43 and bandpass filter 44 pairs are from antenna array for one RF switch 41 and the second RF switch 42 dozens
The radiofrequency signal that row 2 are received sends into orthogonal synthesis phase shift block 5 after carrying out low noise amplification and filtering；In emission state,
In transmitting terminal, bandpass filter 47 and 48 pairs, power amplifier are from just joining for a number RF switch 41 and No. two RF switches 42 dozens
The signal exported into phase shift block 5 is sent into aerial array 2 and is radiated after being amplified.
Used as the preferred scheme in embodiment, the working range of low-noise amplifier 43 is in 50MHz~4GHz, noise coefficient
It is 1.5dB；In 200MHz~6GHz, 1dB compression points are 27dBm to the working range of power amplifier 48；First radio frequency amplifier
45 and second radio frequency amplifier 46 working range in 50MHz~6GHz, gain is 19dB, with meet communication base station for transmitting
The requirement of power and receiving sensitivity；The performance requirement of bandpass filter is that Insertion Loss is less than 2dB in passband, and band stray suppresses
Reach 30dB.
In cartesian coordinate system, for any one vector signal can on be broken down into two orthogonal vectors it
With, to decomposition after two orthogonal vectors decay after synthesize again, the plane that thus two orthogonal vectors are constituted can be obtained
Upper arbitrarily angled and amplitude vector.
As shown in figure 4, one radiofrequency signal of any one vector correspondence in figure, it is phase with the angle angle of origin
Value, vector length absolute value is range value.For such a vector A, the vector in 0 degree of reference axis is can be broken into
Vector C sums in B and 90 degree of reference axis, such as corresponding vector of Fig. 4 dotted lines.Now by adjusting 0 degree and 90 degree respectively
Amplitude of the vector in reference axis, the amplitude equivalent to vector A is being changed with phase.But, new radio frequency vector is to complete
Change in the range of 90 degree in fig. 4, if it is desired to complete 360 degree of change, can by introducing RF switch and transmission line
The structure of converter switches quadrant.Its principle is that, using the reverse phase mechanism of transmission line transformer, transmission line transformer has two
Input port, an output port, another connects matched load port, and its function is No. 1 radiofrequency signal of mouth input from output
Phase invariant during mouthful output, from the radiofrequency signals of No. 2 mouths input from delivery outlet export when phase place change 180 degree.In fig. 4 can be with
Think it is respectively that anti-phase operation is carried out to vector B and vector C.By completing what two ports of selection were input into RF switch
Function, can thus extend to 360 degree of phase-adjustables.If need to only complete phase shift operation, that is, keep amplitude constant, simply change
If phase, as long as changing along circle in Fig. 4 for new radio frequency vector A '.
Orthogonal synthesis phase shift block 5 in Fig. 2 embodiments includes orthocoupler 51, the first numerical-control attenuator 52, second
Numerical-control attenuator 55, the 3rd RF switch 53, the 4th RF switch 56, the first line transformer 54, the second transmission line transformation
Device 57 and power combiner 58.
Input signal is carried out orthogonal work(point by orthocoupler 51, from 0 degree of signal of the port non-phase shift of output, from 90 degree of ends
The signal of mouth 90 degree of phase shift of output；First numerical-control attenuator 52 and the second numerical-control attenuator 55 be respectively used to 0 degree of signal and
The amplitude and phase of 90 degree of signals carry out adjustable attenuation；Wherein, numerical-control attenuator is used to adjust amplitude, the signal orthogonal to two-way
The upper amplitude of adjustment respectively is same again to be combined to i.e. equivalent to composite signal adjustment phase place and amplitude；As the preferred side in embodiment
Case, numerical-control attenuator can use power attenuation device customary in the art, the first numerical-control attenuator 52 and the second numerical-control attenuator
The maximum upper limit of 55 attenuation range is 31.5dB, and decay interval is 0.5dB；Certainly, in practical application and only not limited to this, can
According to demand using other decay intervals and the numerical-control attenuator of other forms.
3rd RF switch 53, the 4th RF switch 56, the first line transformer 54 and the second line transformer
57 switchings for being used for different quadrants, two output ends of the 3rd RF switch connect the first line transformer respectively two are defeated
Enter end, entering the first line transformer from the signal of two input inputs can differ 180 degree, and the 3rd RF switch is first
Switching is corresponded to and carries out operated in anti-phase in coordinate system Shang Duizhe roads signal between two inputs of line transformer；Accordingly
The 4th RF switch switch between two inputs of the second line transformer and the signal on 90 degree of another road can be carried out
Operated in anti-phase.
Finally by power combiner 58 by 0 degree of signal and 90 degree of signals with being combined to, so as to complete logical to respective radio-frequency
The phase of road signal carries out the adjustment of arbitrarily angled in the range of 360 degree and amplitude.Such as, when only the 3rd RF switch is first
It is symmetrical on Y-axis equivalent to composite signal when two inputs of line transformer switch, when only the 4th RF switch exists
It is symmetrical on X-axis equivalent to composite signal when two inputs of the second line transformer switch.
Thus, by the adjustable attenuation to the first numerical-control attenuator 52 and the second numerical-control attenuator 55 can obtain 0 to
The point of arbitrarily angled and amplitude in the range of 90 degree；And the switching for passing through the RF switch on two paths of signals and line transformer can
To select to carry out positive or operated in anti-phase to signal, quadrant selection is carried out equivalent to resultant vector, so as to complete to accordingly penetrating
The phase of cpich signal carries out the adjustment of arbitrarily angled in the range of 360 degree and amplitude.
Orthocoupler, numerical-control attenuator, RF switch, biography in orthogonal phase shift synthesis module 5 disclosed in this invention
Defeated line variator and power combiner use broadband device, and bandwidth of operation is up to 500MHz, and centre frequency covering model
Enclose from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz, the band segment of following 5th third-generation mobile communication can be covered.
The 31.5dB scopes and the power attenuation device of 0.5dB step-lengths selected in embodiment so that orthogonal synthesis phase shift
The precision of radiofrequency signal adjustment phase place can reach 1 degree in 5 pairs of each passages of module, and amplitude precision can reach 0.5dB；The low pair of generation
Valve or without secondary lobe wave beam, to reduce secondary lobe interference, so as to be more beneficial for carrying out multi-user while this function that communicates.And, just
The frequency that phase shift block 5 does not change radiofrequency signal is joined into, therefore to the effect of phase noise very little of radiofrequency signal, to radio frequency
Signal has no effect on signal phase noise in itself when entering line amplitude and phase adjustment.
As shown in figure 3, the control in embodiment includes a field programmable logic device 31, one with alignment unit 3
Read-only storage 32 and control interface 8.
Field programmable logic device 31 is used to control each the two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit in whole integral antenna battle array
Radiofrequency signal phase and amplitude.In actual applications, the control unit in embodiment can not only be patrolled from field-programmable
Device (FPGA) 31 is collected, other PLDs (PLD) or single-chip microcomputer (MCU) can also be according to demand selected.
The beam position instruction that control sends LTE Baseband Processing Unit with alignment unit 3 in Fig. 3 embodiments is by control interface 8
It is transferred in field programmable logic device 31, field programmable logic device 31 is instruction morphing into corresponding by beam position
Read storage address, then according to appropriate address to read each passage of the respective stored of read-only storage 32 phase value and
Range value, is back in field programmable logic device 31 and is converted into SPI control words, then exports to the numerical control of each passage and decline
Subtract device and RF switch, complete the control to whole wave beam.
The phase value of the complete each radio frequency signal channels of covering of being stored with read-only storage 32 and range value
Control word table, the control word in control word table is finished writing in advance when LTE Baseband Processing Unit and control unit are calibrated to radio frequency signal channels.
Specifically, in a calibration process, to one with all amplitudes and phase corresponding points (i.e. all possible control word is combined)
Control word table is scanned, and reads the amplitude and phase of corresponding control word in vector network analyzer automatically using LTE Baseband Processing Unit
And judged using algorithm, choose satisfactory point automatically as needed and be stored in read-only register 32, that is, it is previously written
Control word.In this way, the initial phase value of each passage and relative change correspondence control are stored in read-only depositing
In reservoir, when radiofrequency signal is controlled, the control word table finished writing in advance is read out i.e. by field programmable logic device 31
Can, save the time and efforts of traditional structure manual calibration.
Further, when each radio-frequency channel signal is controlled, for different radio-frequency channels, can be by receiving-transmitting chain
Adjustment initial amplitude is adjusted to unanimously, simply initial phase chooses upper different, so as to greatly reduce previous calibration work
Amount and resource occupation amount.By way of automatic calibration, by the initial phase value of each passage and relative change correspondence control
It is stored in read-only storage 32, and is read out by field programmable logic device 31, saves traditional structure manual calibration
Time and efforts.
To sum up state, the range value of each radio-frequency channel and phase value can be carried out by LTE Baseband Processing Unit and control unit
Adjustment, so not only can quick and precisely control the direction of wave beam, the form of wave beam can also be adjusted according to some calculating
It is whole, to reach without secondary lobe wave beam or double main lobe wave beams；Because the number of combinations of each amplitude and phase is very huge, pass through
Field programmable logic device is calibrated automatically with LTE Baseband Processing Unit to initial value, according to the similitude of each radio-frequency channel,
When each radio-frequency channel signal is controlled, can be by inquiring about same table, simply initial phase chooses upper different, from
And greatly reduce previous calibration workload and resource occupation amount.
Integral antenna battle array uses linear array configuration, including at least two groups two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarray and at least one sets
Sub-array antenna；The aerial array includes multiple antenna elements and multiple power splitters.It is double as the preferred embodiments of the present invention
2M groups are shown to phase shift transmitting-receiving submatrix, aerial array there are M groups, and each group of two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarray include N number of antenna list
First and N number of power splitter, the common port connection antenna element of the power splitter of each power splitter, the separating end connection adjacent two of power splitter
Two two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units in the two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarray of group.Embodiment antenna array as shown in Figure 1 includes two groups
Subarray is received and dispatched in two-way phase shift, and every group of two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarray includes 8 two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units.With phase work(sub-module
Radiofrequency signal all the way is divided into 8 tunnels by 6 using 7 power splitters is delivered to 8 two-way phase shifts transmitting-receiving lists with the radiofrequency signal of phase constant amplitude
The orthogonal synthesizing module of unit；One group of sub-array antenna has 8 comprising power splitter 22,8 common ports of power splitter 22 respectively with
Corresponding 8 antenna elements 21 are connected, in the different two-way phase shifts transmitting-receiving subarrays of separating end two groups of connection simultaneously of power splitter
Two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit, spacing is half electromagnetic wavelength between each two antenna element 21.With traditional beam formed antenna
Battle array is different, and radiofrequency signal of the two groups of two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarrays that embodiment is used respectively to being input into carries out beam forming, by
In the irrelevance of two-way radiofrequency signal, two incoherent wave beams can be given off on same aerial array, mutually solely
It is vertical, it is independent of each other, so as to realize with two users while carrying out the purpose of communications.Likewise, also dependent on needing by upper
The antenna array that subarray is received and dispatched in the multigroup two-way phase shift of method design is stated, to realize carrying out multi-user communication simultaneously.
Antenna element in aerial array uses broadband dipole, coverage in the horizontal plane up to 120 degree,
Ensure that the electromagnetic wave signal in the range of working band can be launched and receive, low manufacture cost.
Tie and state, the integral antenna battle array operation principle disclosed in embodiment is as follows：
When reception state is in, the RF switch of each RF receiving and transmission module switches in reception state, radio frequency letter
Number by antenna element receive feed-in power splitter, respectively be input into two RF receiving and transmission modules of submatrix in, by low noise amplification
Enter orthogonal synthesis phase shift block after device, bandpass filter and radio frequency amplifier, to the signal phase and width of each passage
Degree is controlled, then by the same phase constant amplitude radiofrequency signal of one N number of passage of subarray is synthesized into one with phase work(sub-module
Road radiofrequency signal feeding base station end, N takes 8 in embodiment.
When emission state is in, the RF switch of each RF receiving and transmission module switches in emission state, radio frequency letter
Number N roads are divided into phase constant-amplitude signal by same phase work(sub-module, 8 orthogonal synthesis phase shift blocks are separately input into, by aligning
The control for joining into phase shift block reaches control to the phase and amplitude of each passage, then each channel signal respectively through
The transmitting chain of RF receiving and transmission module 5, through bandpass filter 47, radio frequency amplifier 46 and power amplifier 48, from power amplification
Device 48 output signal by power splitter radiofrequency signal combining corresponding with another subarray, then by antenna element radiate into
In space.
This case is made further instructions with reference to a case study on implementation.
The embodiment antenna array radio frequency operation centre frequency is 3.5GHz, and bandwidth of operation is 500MHz, and aerial array is water
Square one-dimensional array is distributed to the half-wave such as unit 8 long spacing, the gain of individual antenna unit is 6dBi, and two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving is single
Element array is 2*8, that is, be divided into upper and lower two-layer submatrix, and each submatrix includes 8 two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units, bilevel right
Two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit is answered to be attached by power splitter, the common port of power splitter accesses aerial array again.Therefore, each
The upper and lower two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit of two-way of antenna array unit correspondence, while two transmission of signal of communication stream can be carried out；Often
One two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit receives link maximum gain is 12.7dB, and noise coefficient is 2.5dB, transmitting chain maximum gain
It is 16dB, Maximum Power Output 10dBm.The radiation beam of aerial array is 14 ° in the 3dB beam angles of horizontal plane, vertically
3dB beam angles in plane are 78 °, and the wave beam in horizontal plane can point to arbitrarily angled in the range of ± 50 °.For single-pass
The two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit in road carries out EVM (error vector width using the LTE signals of the tdd mode different modulating pattern of 20MHz
Degree) test, the results are shown in Table 1；Simultaneously to the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio) of the system
It is -43.97dBc, fully meets communicating requirement.
The EVM test results of the LTE signals under different modulating pattern of table 1
| Modulation system | EVM values |
| TDD QPSK | 0.321% |
| TDD 16QAM | 0.314% |
| TDD 64QAM | 0.316% |
Fig. 5 gives beam scanning test result in horizontal plane in transmit state of the invention, in each angle
The gain of 26dB can be obtained, Fig. 6 gives beam scanning test result in horizontal plane in receive state of the invention, every
The gain of 21dB can be obtained in one angle；In order to ensure the accuracy and the linearity of beam forming angle, now two-way shifting
Phase Transmit-Receive Unit is not operated in maximum gain situation；Although with 10 ° for interval is scanned in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6,
Actual beam can be pointed in the range of ± 50 ° it is arbitrarily angled, its phase accuracy be 0.31 degree, amplitude precision be 0.5dB.
It can be seen that, in actual motion, radiofrequency signal is decomposed into signal of 16 tunnels with phase constant amplitude first, then by two-way shifting
Orthogonal synthesis phase shift block in mutually receiving and dispatching enters the adjustment of line amplitude and phase, can be given birth to for each communication radio frequency signal stream
Into stable and accurate beam forming, and beam-pointing accuracy is 0.31 degree, and coverage is 110 degree；Between different angles
Conversion time is realized completing in 3us by orthogonal synthesis phase shift block, the normal transmission of traffic symbols is not influenceed, through surveying
Examination, the LTE signals of optimization structural transmission 64QAM modulation can reach 0.316% EVM.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam, it is characterised in that：Including two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array, antenna array
Row and control and alignment unit；Wherein,
The two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving array includes at least one with phase work(sub-module and multiple two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Units；It is described same
Phase work(sub-module includes multiple power splitters, for that radiofrequency signal will be divided into multi-channel rf signal with phase constant amplitude work(all the way；It is described double
Include for amplifying the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module of radio-frequency channel signal and for adjusting radio-frequency channel to phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit
Phase and amplitude quadrature synthesis phase shift block, radio-frequency channel includes receiving and transmission signal passage；The aerial array is included
Multiple antenna elements, the signal for radiating or receiving each radio-frequency channel；The control is two-way with each with one end of alignment unit
Phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit is connected, other end connection LTE Baseband Processing Unit, for the whole forming integrated antenna of broadband mixed-beam
The beam forming of battle array is controlled and calibration.
2. integral antenna according to claim 1 battle array, it is characterised in that：The orthogonal synthesis phase shift block includes orthogonal
Coupler, the first numerical-control attenuator, the 3rd RF switch, the first line transformer, the second numerical-control attenuator, the 4th radio frequency are opened
Pass, the second line transformer and power combiner；
The input of orthocoupler is connected with phase work(sub-module, and 0 degree of output end of orthocoupler sequentially passes through the first numerical control
Attenuator, the 3rd RF switch, the first line transformer are connected with the first input port of power combiner；Orthocoupler
90 degree of output ends sequentially pass through the second numerical-control attenuator, the 4th RF switch, the second line transformer and power combiner
The second input port be connected, the public port of power combiner is connected with the radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module.
3. integral antenna according to claim 2 battle array, it is characterised in that：The orthocoupler, numerical-control attenuator, penetrate
Frequency switch, transmission line variator and power combiner use broadband device, and band of operation is 500MHz, centre frequency
Coverage is from 2.5GHz to 3.5GHz.
4. integral antenna according to claim 1 battle array, it is characterised in that：The radio frequency receiving and transmitting front end module includes receiving
Amplify link, transmitting and amplify link, the first RF switch and the second RF switch；Wherein,
The common port connection orthogonal synthesis phase shift block of the first RF switch, the emission port of the first RF switch is put by transmitting
The emission port of the big RF switch of link connection second；The common port connection aerial array of the second RF switch, the second radio frequency is opened
The receiving port of pass amplifies the receiving port of the RF switch of link connection first by receiving.
5. integral antenna according to claim 4 battle array, it is characterised in that：Link is amplified in transmitting includes the band being sequentially connected
Bandpass filter, radio frequency amplifier and power amplifier, for when RF switch is dialled in emission port to from orthogonal synthesis phase shift
Module signal out is sent into aerial array and is radiated after being filtered and amplifying；Receiving amplification link includes what is be sequentially connected
Low-noise amplifier, bandpass filter and radio frequency amplifier, for when RF switch is dialled in receiving port to from aerial array
The radiofrequency signal for receiving sends into orthogonal synthesis phase shift block after being amplified and filtering.
6. a kind of forming integrated antenna array of high performance wideband mixed-beam according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：It is low
Noise amplifier working frequency range is 50MHz~4GHz, and noise coefficient is 1.5dB；The working range of radio frequency amplifier 50MHz~
6GHz；The working range of power amplifier is in 200MHz~6GHz；The performance requirement of bandpass filter is that Insertion Loss is less than in passband
2dB, band stray suppresses to reach 30dB.
7. integral antenna according to claim 1 battle array, it is characterised in that：The control includes control with alignment unit
Portion, control interface and read-only storage；Read-only storage and control unit connection communication, the input connection Base-Band Processing of control unit
Plate, output end connects each two-way phase shift Transmit-Receive Unit by control interface；Control unit can select PLD or monolithic
Machine.
8. integral antenna according to claim 7 battle array, it is characterised in that：Control word table is stored in read-only storage,
The control word table includes the phase being previously written and range value as control word；The phase and range value being previously written are logical
Cross LTE Baseband Processing Unit each radio-frequency channel is carried out initial phase calibrate when write, including each radio-frequency channel initial phase value and
Relative change correspondence control.
9. integral antenna according to claim 8 battle array, it is characterised in that：LTE Baseband Processing Unit is carried out to each radio-frequency channel
When initial phase is calibrated, initial amplitude is adjusted to unanimously for different radio-frequency channels, only initial phase is different.
10. integral antenna according to claim 1 battle array, it is characterised in that：The integral antenna battle array uses linear battle array
Array structure, including at least two groups two-way phase shift transmitting-receiving subarrays and at least one set of sub-array antenna；The antenna element is using wide
Band dipole, bandwidth range is 500MHz.
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| CN112290982A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-29 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Calibration method for phased array antenna series feed calibration coupling network |
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| CN113783531A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 天津七一二通信广播股份有限公司 | Numerical control vector modulator |
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