CN112464605A - Optimization method of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter combined system - Google Patents
Optimization method of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter combined system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112464605A CN112464605A CN202011383550.8A CN202011383550A CN112464605A CN 112464605 A CN112464605 A CN 112464605A CN 202011383550 A CN202011383550 A CN 202011383550A CN 112464605 A CN112464605 A CN 112464605A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- noise
- lna
- noise amplifier
- combined system
- phase shifter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/36—Circuit design at the analogue level
- G06F30/373—Design optimisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/10—Noise analysis or noise optimisation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
一种毫米波低噪声放大器与移相器组合系统优化方法，通过设置变压器作为组合系统中的正交耦合器的主体部分，根据工作频率计算正交耦合器所需并联电容以及输出阻抗初始值，优化LNA的变压器反馈部分以使LNA的变压器两线圈等效电感之比的平方根n和耦合系数k1最大化，计算最优噪声情况下MOSFET的跨导，通过调节MOSFET直流偏置点和尺寸使实际跨导达到最优值。本发明针对LNA与PS组合系统和VMPS的缺点，结合RFFE中LNA的电路结构，通过复用QHC实现LNA的宽带噪声匹配，同时生成用于矢量调制的正交信号以实现有源移相，达到节省面积的目的。
A method for optimizing a combined system of a millimeter-wave low-noise amplifier and a phase shifter. By setting the transformer as the main part of the quadrature coupler in the combined system, the parallel capacitance required by the quadrature coupler and the initial value of the output impedance are calculated according to the operating frequency, Optimize the transformer feedback part of the LNA to maximize the square root n of the ratio of the equivalent inductances of the two coils of the LNA and the coupling coefficient k 1 , calculate the transconductance of the MOSFET under the optimal noise condition, and adjust the MOSFET DC bias point and size to make The actual transconductance reaches the optimum value. Aiming at the shortcomings of the LNA and PS combined system and the VMPS, the invention combines the circuit structure of the LNA in the RFFE, realizes the broadband noise matching of the LNA by multiplexing the QHC, and generates a quadrature signal for vector modulation at the same time to realize the active phase shift. the purpose of saving space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of radio frequency communication, in particular to a combined design method of a millimeter wave low noise amplifier and a phase shifter based on a front-end of an orthogonal coupler.
Background
When the 5G mobile communication extends to a millimeter wave band, a multi-antenna phased array system is needed to be used for beam forming (beamforming), so that the problem of millimeter wave space signal attenuation is solved. The Phase Shifter (PS) is used as a core element of a phased array, and the resolution thereof directly determines the resolution of system beam forming, and the mainstream radio frequency phase shifter comprises various structures. The reflection-type phase shifter (RTPS) can realize continuous phase shifting without direct current power consumption, but has insufficient bandwidth and phase shifting range; the Switch Type Phase Shifter (STPS) is another passive structure, has good linearity, but large insertion loss and area; the active vector synthesis phase shifter (VMPS) has high resolution, moderate area, controllable insertion loss, but its bandwidth is still limited by the quadrature coupler. Meanwhile, impedance matching is required for a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) in a Radio Frequency Front End (RFFE) and a phase shifter and an antenna, which causes additional area overhead and loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low frequency, additional noise influence caused by unbalanced quadrature coupler (QHC) output and the like in the prior art, the invention provides an optimization method of a millimeter wave low-noise amplifier and phase shifter combined system, aiming at the defects of an LNA (low noise amplifier), a PS (packet switched amplifier) combined system and a VMPS (virtual packet switched), combining the circuit structure of an LNA in RFFE (radio frequency field effect), realizing the broadband noise matching of the LNA by multiplexing the QHC, and simultaneously generating a quadrature signal for vector modulation to realize active phase shift so as to achieve the purpose of saving area.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention sets transformer as the main part of the orthogonal coupler in the combined system, calculates the required parallel capacitance and the initial value of output impedance of the orthogonal coupler according to the working frequency, optimizes the feedback part of the LNA transformer to make the square root n and the coupling coefficient k of the ratio of the equivalent inductance of the two coils of the LNA transformer1And maximizing, calculating the transconductance of the MOSFET under the condition of optimal noise, and adjusting the direct current bias point and the size of the MOSFET to enable the actual transconductance to reach the optimal value.
The combined system comprises a quadrature coupler, a low noise amplifier group and a programmable gain amplifier which are connected in sequence, wherein: the quadrature coupler generates I, Q two paths of signals through single-end input, amplifies the signals through a CG-level low-noise amplifier group, and synthesizes and outputs differential signals after being modulated by a programmable gain amplifier.
The two coils of the transformer are equivalent to an inductor L3Identical and minimized while ensuring maximum coupling coefficient.
Preferably, when the LNA and QHC are not amplitude matched, n is reduced and g is readjustedmAnd the process is repeated until the condition that the LNA is matched with the QHC amplitude is met.
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the problems that the bandwidth of the existing VMPS is greatly influenced by QHC or other multiphase generating networks, the impedance matching network between the LNA and the antenna and the VMPS brings large insertion loss and area overhead, and the QHC output is unbalanced to bring extra noise influence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention inserts the LNA into the VMPS and optimizes the noise and amplitude matching of the LNA input end, so that the QHC simultaneously realizes broadband impedance transformation, noise matching and orthogonal signal generation, reduces the requirement of an additional LNA impedance matching network, saves the area and improves the bandwidth. The QHC used for vector synthesis does not require output precision calibration, subject to subsequent PGA control. The invention connects QHC and LNA, avoids noise caused by insertion loss of the impedance matching network before LNA, and makes specific analysis on noise matching of LNA.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an LNA-PS system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of QHC and first stage LNA;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a transformer layout QHC;
in the figure: an input end IN, a straight-through end THRU, an isolation end ISO, a coupling end CPL, first to fourth metal layers 1-4 and a via hole 5;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a noise circle of LNA and the like;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of QHC output phase and insertion loss;
FIG. 6 is a graph of QHC return loss and output impedance;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the noise figure of the LNA-PS system before and after noise matching.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a combined system, which includes a quadrature coupler QHC, a low noise amplifier LNA, and a programmable gain amplifier PGA connected in sequence, where: the quadrature coupler QHC generates I, Q two paths of signals through single-end input, amplifies the signals by a CG-level low noise amplifier LNA, and synthesizes and outputs differential signals after modulation by a programmable gain amplifier PGA.
And a two-turn or three-turn transformer is preferably adopted between the low-noise amplifier group LNA and the programmable gain amplifier PGA to realize impedance matching.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the quadrature coupler QHC includes: the main body part and input end IN, straight-through end THRU, isolation end ISO and coupling end CPL connected with the main body part respectively, the main body part includes: the QHC coils are respectively arranged between the input end IN and the straight-through end THRU, between the isolation end ISO and the coupling end CPL, have the same equivalent inductance value and are mutually coupled, the first capacitors are respectively arranged between the input end IN and the coupling end CPL and between the straight-through end THRU and the isolation end ISO, and the second capacitors are respectively arranged between the input end IN, the straight-through end THRU, the isolation end ISO and the coupling end CPL and the ground and have the same equivalent capacitance value.
The phase difference between the straight-through end THRU and the coupling end CPL is (90 +/-2) °, and the straight-through end THRU and the coupling end CPL are respectively connected with two same low noise amplifiers LNA.
The QHC coil, the first capacitor and the second capacitor meet the following conditions:
wherein: l is3Is the equivalent inductance of two coils, k2Is the coupling coefficient between two coils, RsIs the characteristic impedance of QHC, C1And C2The capacitance values of the first and second capacitors are respectively provided, thereby ensuring the electricity under the conditions of odd mode and even modeThe magnetic wave propagation speed is the same.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the CG-stage LNA includes two identical LNA, and negative feedback (-a) from gate to source is implemented by using a transformer of the LNA, so as to improve effective transconductance (Gm-boosting), reduce noise figure, and reduce dc power consumption.
Noise figure of each low noise amplifier
Wherein: k is a radical of1The coupling coefficient of the transformer used for the Gm-boosting LNA, n is two coils (L in FIG. 2)1And L2) Square root of ratio of sensitivity, gmIs MOSFET transconductance, RsIs the output impedance of QHC, γ is the noise parameter of the MOSFET, gd0Is the drain-source conductance at a drain-source voltage of 0, delta is the gate noise figure of the MOSFET,
omega is angular frequency, CgsIs the parasitic capacitance of MOSFET gate source.
The feedback coefficient A of the low noise amplifier is nk1。
When noise factor FCGMinimum optimum quadrature coupler output impedance
Wherein: alpha is gmAnd gd0Ratio of the noise to the noise, the corresponding minimum noise figure
It can be seen that by increasing gmOr increase A (i.e., nk)1) The minimum noise can be reduced, the former can be realized by adjusting the direct current bias point and the size of the MOSFET, and the latter can be realized by enhancing the coupling of the transformer and improving the ratio of the equivalent inductances of the two coils. While taking alpha and g into accountmIn direct proportion, both methods will reduce Rs. At the same time, the effect of feedback on the input impedance is taken into accountIn response, the input impedance of the LNA may be approximately expressed as 1/gmAnd CgsParallel and divide by (1+ A). Thus, both methods reduce the output impedance of the LNA, which makes noise matching and amplitude matching non-contradictory.
In summary, the method for optimizing the QHC and LNA combined system according to this embodiment includes the following steps:
firstly, designing a transformer which can be realized by a process as a QHC main body part to ensure that two coils of the transformer have equivalent inductance L3Equal and as small as possible while ensuring a coupling coefficient greater than 0.7.
And secondly, calculating the parallel capacitance required by the orthogonal coupler according to the current working frequency.
And thirdly, calculating the output impedance of the orthogonal coupler as an initial value according to the current working frequency.
Fourthly, designing a transformer which can be realized by the process to be used as a feedback part of the LNA first-stage MOSFET so that the square root n of the ratio of the two coil equivalent inductances is as large as possible and the coupling coefficient k1Greater than 0.75.
Fifthly, calculating transconductance g of the MOSFET under the optimal noisem,optIncreasing the direct current bias voltage at the grid end of the MOSFET and increasing the width-to-length ratio to enable gmAnd gm,optAre equal.
And sixthly, when the input impedance of the LNA is different from the optimal QHC output impedance, returning to the fourth step, and decreasing n by taking 0.05 as a typical step, and repeating the steps until the condition that the input impedance of the LNA is the same as the optimal QHC output impedance is met.
As shown IN fig. 3, the basic structure of the quadrature coupler implemented according to the above method is that the coil disposed between the input terminal IN and the through terminal THRU is made of metal 1 and metal 3, and the coil disposed between the isolation terminal ISO and the coupling terminal CPL is made of metal 2 and metal 4. The two coils have the same equivalent inductance, and two layers of metal of the same coil are connected by a via hole 5.
The total thickness of the two coils needs to be as close as possible so that the equivalent inductance values of the two coils are the same. For increased coupling coefficient, the width of the coil was set to 1/5 of the transformer inner diameter.
Passing toolIn practical experiments, under the specific environment setting that the working frequency is 30GHz, R is useds＝10Ω、k2＝0.73、L3The above process was run at 58pH parameters and the results at the completion of the design are shown in figures 4 to 6.
The noise matching results are shown in fig. 4, where the LNA input impedance curve is tangent to a circle with a noise figure of 2.5 dB.
The output phase and insertion loss results of QHC are shown in fig. 5, and the operating frequency range of QHC is 10GHz to 40GHz within the phase error range of 1 °. The insertion loss of the two output ends is 3.5dB when the insertion loss is the same, and the additional 0.5dB loss is caused by the structure because the subsequent two paths compensate the 3dB gain after vector synthesis is carried out.
The broadband impedance transformation characteristic of QHC is shown in fig. 6, and when f is 30GHz during the characteristic impedance changes from 10 ohms to 70 ohms, the return loss is always kept below-17 dB, which proves that the characteristic impedance can be adjusted according to the requirement.
The noise figure of the LNA-PS system before and after noise matching is shown in FIG. 7, k1＝0.79、n＝1.71、L1＝320pH、L2The 3-dB bandwidth of the LNA-PS system is 26-34GHz at 110, and a minimum noise figure of 5.2dB is achieved at 32 GHz. The minimum noise coefficient of the structure is 5.2dB, and 6.2dB is reduced compared with the condition that LNA and QHC are independently designed and directly connected without noise matching.
In the embodiment, for a specified characteristic impedance, in combination with the structure of fig. 3, the metal layer with the closest total thickness is selected by using the current process, so that the equivalent inductances of the two coils are the same and are as low as possible, and a coupling coefficient as high as possible is realized; iterative optimization is used to achieve simultaneous matching of QHC and LNA for amplitude and noise.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011383550.8A CN112464605B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Optimization method of combined system of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011383550.8A CN112464605B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Optimization method of combined system of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112464605A true CN112464605A (en) | 2021-03-09 |
| CN112464605B CN112464605B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
Family
ID=74806064
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011383550.8A Active CN112464605B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Optimization method of combined system of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112464605B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113131926A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | High-linearity amplitude-phase control receiving front-end circuit |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140266866A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Nokia Corporation | Steerable transmit, steerable receive frequency modulated continuous wave radar transceiver |
| CN104270100A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | A Low Power Low Noise Amplifier Using Positive Feedback Technology and Active Transconductance Enhancement Technology |
| CN106848608A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 东南大学 | The forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam |
| CN107634726A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-26 | 南京理工大学 | A UWB Hybrid Integrated Balanced Low Noise Amplifier |
| CN109474242A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽矽芯微电子科技有限公司 | A kind of millimeter wave amplifier circuit in low noise |
| CN110855247A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | E-band multi-channel receiver with vector modulator |
| US20200091605A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Bi-Directional Active Phase Shifting |
| CN111030614A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 电子科技大学 | A Transconductance Enhanced Millimeter Wave Low Noise Amplifier |
| CN111245384A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 长沙瑞感电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave low noise amplifier and millimeter wave receiving circuit |
-
2020
- 2020-12-01 CN CN202011383550.8A patent/CN112464605B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140266866A1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-18 | Nokia Corporation | Steerable transmit, steerable receive frequency modulated continuous wave radar transceiver |
| CN104270100A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | A Low Power Low Noise Amplifier Using Positive Feedback Technology and Active Transconductance Enhancement Technology |
| CN106848608A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2017-06-13 | 东南大学 | The forming integrated antenna array of broadband mixed-beam |
| CN107634726A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-01-26 | 南京理工大学 | A UWB Hybrid Integrated Balanced Low Noise Amplifier |
| US20200091605A1 (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-03-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Bi-Directional Active Phase Shifting |
| CN109474242A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽矽芯微电子科技有限公司 | A kind of millimeter wave amplifier circuit in low noise |
| CN110855247A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-28 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | E-band multi-channel receiver with vector modulator |
| CN111030614A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 电子科技大学 | A Transconductance Enhanced Millimeter Wave Low Noise Amplifier |
| CN111245384A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-06-05 | 长沙瑞感电子科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave low noise amplifier and millimeter wave receiving circuit |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| JENIA ELKIND,ET AL: "57–67-GHz Highly Compact Bidirectional 3-Bit Phase Shifter in 28-nm CMOS", 《IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS》 * |
| 孙冬全: "毫米波间隙波导技术及FMCW反射功率对消系统应用研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》 * |
| 宋骁雄: "基于六端口微波网络的光无线融合通信技术研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113131926A (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2021-07-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | High-linearity amplitude-phase control receiving front-end circuit |
| CN113131926B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-06-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | High-linearity amplitude-phase control receiving front-end circuit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112464605B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112332806B (en) | High-gain low-noise radio frequency phase shifter | |
| CN109167575A (en) | A kind of power amplifier of wide band high-gain flatness | |
| CN113556092B (en) | Radio frequency power amplifier based on transformer matching network | |
| CN111404511A (en) | Ultra-wideband high-precision differential attenuator | |
| US11736074B2 (en) | Noise reduction in high frequency amplifiers using transmission lines to provide feedback | |
| WO2017128678A1 (en) | Capacitive load-based ultra wide band constant value phase shifter | |
| CN114710137A (en) | High-performance millimeter wave active vector synthesis phase shifter | |
| US8686790B2 (en) | Distributed amplifier for band pass radio front-end | |
| Rachakh et al. | A Novel Configuration of a Microstrip Microwave Wideband Power Amplifier for Wireless Application | |
| RU2694011C1 (en) | Amplifier circuit for compensation of output signal from circuit | |
| Zhu et al. | A 1V 32.1 dBm 92-to-102GHz power amplifier with a scalable 128-to-1 power combiner achieving 15% peak PAE in a 65nm bulk CMOS process | |
| Kim et al. | Ultralow noise figure and broadband CMOS LNA with three-winding transformer and large transistor | |
| CN112464605B (en) | Optimization method of combined system of millimeter wave low noise amplifier and phase shifter | |
| CN110719078A (en) | Millimeter wave power amplifier for automobile radar transceiver | |
| CN114142203A (en) | Power synthesizer and equivalent circuit based on slot line-grounding coplanar waveguide structure | |
| CN117060868A (en) | W-band low additional phase shift variable gain amplifier | |
| WO2023040473A1 (en) | Coupling circuit applied to low-frequency power amplifier | |
| CN114759885B (en) | Ultra-wideband variable gain amplifier, wireless communication device, and gain adjustment method | |
| Yang et al. | A Ku-band CMOS balanced driver amplifier with transformer-based notch filter for SATCOM phased arrays | |
| Wang et al. | A 6 to 18 GHz flat high gain power amplifier using mismatch-consistent MCR technique in 40-nm CMOS | |
| CN114094963A (en) | A Gain-Enhanced Distributed Amplifier Architecture | |
| Toulali et al. | Design of a Low Noise Amplifier using the Quarter wave Transformers matching Technique in the Frequency band [9-13] GHz | |
| CN110545080A (en) | microwave broadband power equalizer based on microstrip | |
| CN217824901U (en) | Short wave broadband ultra-low noise amplifier | |
| Xu et al. | A Ka-Band Quadrature-Hybrid LNA-PS with Gm-Boosting Technique in 40-nm CMOS |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |