CN112072309B - Step-compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework and design method thereof - Google Patents
Step-compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
A step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework and a design method thereof relate to the technical field of space-borne radar antennas in the aerospace field, and solve the problems of poor scanning capability, higher scanning grating lobe and serious gain loss of a sub-array-level phased array of the space-borne radar antenna in the aerospace field; each antenna subarray comprises a beam stepping shifter and m basic radiation units, each beam stepping shifter comprises m output ends, the input ends of the n beam stepping shifters are connected with the output ends of the n receiving and transmitting components, the m output ends of the beam stepping shifter are respectively connected with the input ends of the m basic radiation units, and the input ends of the n receiving and transmitting components are respectively connected with the corresponding output ends of the power division synthesis network; the scanning gain loss is greatly reduced, the scanning range can be expanded, the flexibility of a satellite-borne information system is improved, and the method can be widely applied to a high-speed satellite communication system and a high-resolution radar imaging system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of space-borne radar antennas in the aerospace field, in particular to a step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework and a design method thereof.
Background
With the development of information technology, the satellite-borne information system plays an increasingly important application in the development of the future society, and the performance of the antenna, which is taken as a key component of the satellite-borne information system, affects the signal-to-noise ratio, the operating distance and the data transmission capability of the whole system, so that the development of a high-performance satellite-borne antenna is particularly important and urgent.
The active phased array antenna has the characteristics of flexible beam scanning, no inertia and high speed, can realize low side lobe and self-adaptive zero suppression of various interferences through amplitude-phase control, realizes electromagnetic energy beam forming through space power synthesis, can ensure that a communication system covers a wider communication range, and realizes target imaging with higher resolution by a synthetic aperture radar. Therefore, active phased array antennas are widely used in front-ends of satellite-borne information systems.
Considering the limitations and cost factors of satellite platforms, satellite-borne information systems place very stringent requirements on the size, weight, power consumption and system complexity of the front-end antenna. The traditional active array antenna has the disadvantages of high manufacturing cost, complex system, high power consumption, heavy weight and large volume, and is contradictory to the requirements of low cost, low power consumption and light weight of a front-end antenna of a future satellite-borne information system. With the advancement of active phased array technology and large-scale use, some solutions are proposed: 1. the hybrid integration technology is adopted to realize the high assembly density, high power density and high reliability integration of a semiconductor chip and a passive element so as to reduce the weight and the volume of the phased array, but the technical scheme cannot solve the problem that an active phased array system needs a large number of transmitting/receiving (T/R) modules and is expensive; 2. the integration level is further improved, based on packaging materials and processes, an antenna and a chip are integrated in a package to realize a system-level functional package Antenna (AIP), and an array antenna with a lower section and lighter weight is obtained, but the technical scheme is still in an exploration research stage at present, and in addition, because the distance between antenna units is related to the working wavelength, the low-frequency-band array antenna has a larger inherent unit physical space, and the advantages of microminiaturization radio frequency integration are weakened, so the technical scheme is not applicable in the low frequency band; 3. the phased array of the sub-array level, namely a plurality of radiating elements are integrated into a sub-array through a feed network, each input/output port of the sub-array is connected with a T/R channel to form an active sub-array, and a whole array plane is formed by expanding a large number of active sub-arrays.
In the prior art, chinese patent application publication No. CN108008388A, published as 2018, 05 and 08, discloses a method for controlling a satellite-borne phased array SAR load beam, which includes the steps of: acquiring a front surface angle of an antenna array from the antenna array, and converting a front surface angle coordinate system into a front surface spherical coordinate system to obtain a corresponding scanning direction angle; obtaining a two-dimensional coordinate table of each channel on the array surface according to the type of the antenna array, and calculating the delay distance of each channel on the pointing angle according to the two-dimensional coordinate table and the scanning direction angle; calculating the propagation delay amount generated by signal propagation according to the propagation speed and the delay distance of the electromagnetic waves in vacuum and the central frequency of the antenna array; acquiring a phase balancing table of the array surface, and calculating the delay compensation quantity of each channel by combining the phase balancing table of the array surface with the propagation delay quantity of each channel on the antenna; and normalizing the delay compensation quantity according to the stepping of the phase shifter, and binarizing to obtain a phase-shifting code, thereby obtaining a phase-shifting code table.
Although the above-mentioned chinese patent application can quickly calculate the wave control code of each channel on the antenna array by using the priori knowledge of the antenna array, and perform real-time and accurate beam control, and the calculation amount is small, the above-mentioned technical scheme of the chinese patent application only performs algorithm optimization for a common phased array, improves the response speed of the common phased array, and does not design an optimal system architecture for the problem of poor scanning performance of a large-pitch sub-array-level phased array, and realizes a low-cost and high-performance system architecture.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework to solve the problems of poor scanning capability, high scanning grating lobe and serious gain loss of a phased array of a satellite-borne radar antenna sub-array level in the aerospace field.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
a step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework comprises n antenna sub-arrays (1), n receiving and transmitting components (2) and a power division synthesis network (5); each antenna subarray (1) comprises a beam stepping shifter (4) and m basic radiation units (3), each beam stepping shifter (4) comprises m output ends, the input ends of n beam stepping shifters (4) are connected with the output ends of n transceiver modules (2), the m output ends of the beam stepping shifters (4) are respectively connected with the input ends of m basic radiation units (3), and the input ends of n transceiver modules (2) are respectively connected with the corresponding output ends of a power dividing and combining network (5).
The invention discloses a step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework, which comprises an antenna sub-array and a receiving and sending assembly, wherein the antenna sub-array comprises a basic radiation unit and a beam step shifter, the beam step shifter is a low-position low-loss electronic phased device and can adjust the beam direction of the antenna sub-array to a preset angle, so that the beam scanning performance of the whole array is improved, and a sub-array-level phased array antenna introduced with the step beam shifter has the characteristics of low cost, light weight and simple structure; the method can be widely applied to high-speed satellite communication systems and high-resolution radar imaging systems.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the n antenna sub-arrays (1) are uniformly arranged at equal intervals, and the interval between the adjacent antenna sub-arrays (1) is far greater than lambda; the m basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the interval between adjacent basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) does not exceed lambda, and lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves transmitted in free space under working frequency.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the transceiving component (2) comprises a high-position phase shifter, and the high-position phase shifter provides a required beam phase shift value for antenna spatial domain scanning; in practical application, the formula is utilized in advance
Calculating a beam shift value for each transceiver component (2), wherein beta i λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space at the operating frequency, θ, for the desired phase shift value of the beam 0 For maximum pointing of the antenna beam, d is the spacing between the antenna sub-arrays (1), i =1,2,3,4 \8230.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, the beam stepping shifter (4) is a discrete shift beam forming device, and realizes the beam pointing stepping shift of the subarray unit; the beam stepping shifter (4) realizes the beam pointing stepping shifting of the subarray-level unit through an electronic controller.
As a further improvement of the technical solution of the present invention, the design method of the beam stepping shifter (4) is as follows:
a) Determining the maximum angle theta of the antenna scanning required according to the application scene smax ；
b) Initializing the number M =3 of the stepping beams;
c) Calculating a beam stepping offset initial value omega; the calculation formula of the omega is as follows:
d) Calculating the scanning performance at the initial value, as the scanning angle
When the grating lobe is maximum, the directional diagram at the moment is calculated
e) Judging whether the scanning performance of the initial state antenna can meet the limit condition that the directional diagram can be scanned at any required scanning angle and the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe, if not, adding 2 to the value of the number M of the stepping beams, and repeating the step c) and the step d) until the scanning performance of the antenna meets the requirement;
f) And obtaining the final number M of the stepping beams and the beam deviation stepping value omega.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, when the application scene is inter-satellite communication, the maximum angle theta scanned by the antenna is smax The constraint is the limit scanning angle theta in the process of large-spacing scanning of the phased array of the sub-array level smax The calculation formula of (c) is:
wherein lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space at the working frequency, and d is the distance between adjacent antenna subarrays (1).
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, when the distance d =4 lambda between the adjacent antenna subarrays (1), theta is equal to theta smax =7.2 °, therefore, the beam offset stepping value Ω preset by the beam stepping shifter 4 should satisfy 0 ° ≦ Ω ≦ 7.2 °; the number M of the stepped beams is 3, and in this case, the beam deviation value Ω =4.8 ° can be obtained according to the formula (1).
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, according to the beam deviation stepping value, a formula for determining the beam gear selected by the beam stepping shifter (4) is as follows:
wherein omega 0 Beam step selected for the beam stepping shifter (4), omega 0 ∈(-4.8°、0°、4.8°)，θ 0 Is the maximum pointing angle of the beam.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, when the application scene is satellite-ground communication, the antennaMaximum angle of scan theta smax =8.5 °, therefore the beam offset step value Ω of the beam step shifter (4) should satisfy 0 ° ≦ Ω ≦ 8.5 °; the number M of the stepped beams is 5, and in this case, the beam deviation value Ω =3.4 ° can be obtained according to the formula (1).
As a further improvement of the technical scheme of the invention, according to the beam deviation stepping value, a formula for determining the beam gear selected by the beam stepping shifter (4) is as follows:
wherein omega 0 A beam step, Ω, selected for said beam stepping shifter (4) 0 ∈(-6.8°、-3.4°、0°、3.4°、6.8°)，θ 0 Is the maximum pointing angle of the beam.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention discloses a step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework, which comprises an antenna sub-array and a receiving and sending assembly, wherein the antenna sub-array comprises a basic radiation unit and a beam step shifter, the beam step shifter is a low-position low-loss electronic phased device and can adjust the beam direction of the antenna sub-array to a preset angle, so that the beam scanning performance of the whole array is improved, and a sub-array-level phased array antenna introduced with the step beam shifter has the characteristics of low cost, light weight and simple structure; the method can be widely applied to high-speed satellite communication systems and high-resolution radar imaging systems.
(2) Compared with the traditional unit-level active phased array, the unit-level active phased array has the advantages that the sub-array integration technology is adopted, a large number of high-cost T/R components are saved for the antenna, the total manufacturing cost of the antenna can be greatly reduced, and the complexity of a system architecture is reduced.
(3) Compared with a subarray-level phased array, the beam stepping shifter is connected to the rear end of each subarray-level unit, so that antenna scanning grating lobes are suppressed, scanning gain loss, particularly extreme angle scanning gain loss, is greatly reduced, and spatial power synthesis efficiency of the antenna is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the working principle of the antenna architecture according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an 8-element sub-array-level phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the design of the beam stepping shifter according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing normalized simulated patterns when the antenna scans 4 ° with a standard subarray-level phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing normalized simulated patterns when the antenna scans 7.2 ° with a standard subarray-level phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a scanning pattern of the antenna at a scanning angle of 0 ° to 7.2 ° in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a scanning pattern of the antenna at a scanning angle of 0 ° to 8.5 ° in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example one
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by combining the drawings and specific embodiments in the specification:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a step-compensation low-cost phased array antenna architecture includes n antenna sub-arrays (1), n transceiving components (2), and a power division and synthesis network (5); each antenna subarray (1) comprises a beam stepping shifter (4) and m basic radiation units (3), each beam stepping shifter (4) comprises m output ends, the input ends of n beam stepping shifters (4) are connected with the output ends of n transceiver modules (2), m output ends of the beam stepping shifters (4) are respectively connected with the input ends of m basic radiation units (3), and the input ends of n transceiver modules (2) are respectively connected with the corresponding output ends of a power dividing and combining network (5); preferably m = n =8.
The receiving and transmitting component (2) comprises a high-position phase shifter and provides a required wave beam phase shift value for antenna airspace scanning; in practical application, the formula is utilized in advance
Calculating a beam shift value for each transceiver component (2), wherein beta i λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space at the operating frequency, θ, for the desired phase shift value of the beam 0 For maximum pointing of the antenna beam, d is the spacing between the antenna sub-arrays (1), i =1,2,3,4 \8230.
The n antenna sub-arrays (1) are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, and the interval between the adjacent antenna sub-arrays (1) is far larger than lambda; the m basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the interval between adjacent basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) does not exceed lambda, and lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves transmitted in free space under working frequency.
The beam stepping shifter (4) is a discrete offset beam forming device and realizes the beam pointing stepping offset of the subarray unit; the beam deviation stepping value preset by the beam stepping shifter (4) is omega, and the value selection range is as follows: theta is between 0 and omega smax Wherein, theta smax The maximum angle of antenna scanning required for the application scenario; the beam stepping shifter (4) is composed of low-loss low-displacement phase components; the beam stepping shifter (4) has the characteristics of low cost and low loss, and the radio frequency circuit between the beam stepping shifter (4) and the transceiving component (2) and the power division synthesis network (5) are all made of low-cost and low-loss materials through standard processes.
The beam stepping shifter (4) realizes the beam pointing stepping shifting of the subarray-level unit through an electronic controller; in consideration of low cost, the beam deviation stepping value Ω of the beam stepping shifter (4) should be as large as possible, and the number M of stepping beams should be as small as possible, but as the number M of stepping beams is smaller, the scanning performance of the antenna is poorer, so that design needs to be considered comprehensively, the cost of the antenna is the lowest, and the performance requirements of each scanning angle are met.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a design flow chart of the beam stepping shifter in this embodiment, fig. 3 shows a limiting condition that the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe at any required scanning angle of the antenna pattern, and a specific design flow is as follows:
a) Determining the maximum angle theta of the antenna scanning required according to the application scene smax ；
b) Initializing the number M =3 of the stepping beams;
c) Calculating a beam stepping offset initial value omega; the calculation formula of the omega is as follows:
d) Calculating the scanning performance at the initial value, as the scanning angle
When the grating lobe is maximum, the directional diagram at the moment is calculated
e) Judging whether the scanning performance of the initial state antenna can meet the limit condition that the directional diagram can be scanned at any required scanning angle and the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe, if not, adding 2 to the value of the number M of the stepping beams, and repeating the step c) and the step d) until the scanning performance of the antenna meets the requirement;
f) And obtaining the final number M of the stepping beams and the beam deviation stepping value omega.
Specific design of antenna parameters during inter-satellite communication
To reduce the seedLoss of scan gain, θ, for array-level phased arrays smax The constraint is the limit scanning angle when the sub-array phased array scans at a large interval, namely the corresponding angle when the sub-array phased array antenna scans until the main lobe and the grating lobe have equal gains; theta is smax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space at the working frequency, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna sub-arrays (1), and θ is when d =4 λ smax =7.2 °, therefore, the beam stepping shifter 4 should preset a beam deviation stepping value Ω of 0 ° ≦ Ω ≦ 7.2 °.
Considering low cost and low loss, the beam steps set by the beam stepping shifter 4 should be as few as possible, and at the same time, the main lobe gain is limited to be 13dB higher than the grating lobe gain in the scanning range, and by combining the above two points, the number M of the stepping beams of the beam stepping shifter 4 is 3 (the limitation condition that the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe at any scanning angle required by the directional diagram is satisfied), at this time, according to the formula (1), the beam deviation stepping value Ω =4.8 °, Ω 0 Beam step selected for said beam step shifter 4, Ω 0 Is-4.8 °, 0 ° or 4.8 °, i.e. omega 0 Epsilon (-4.8 degrees, 0 degrees, 4.8 degrees), and a gear value omega 0 According to the maximum pointing angle theta of the beam 0 Determining, specifically selecting the basis as follows:
when the antenna array is fed in constant amplitude, the directional diagram function of the linear array antenna can be expressed as follows:
wherein n and m are the number of elements of the antenna subarray 1 and the basic radiation unit contained in each antenna subarray 1 respectivelyThe number of elements 3; lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space under the working frequency; d is the distance between adjacent antenna sub-arrays 1; theta 0 Maximum pointing for antenna beam; de is the distance between adjacent basic radiating elements 3; p and q are counting factors; preferably, the distance d between adjacent antenna sub-arrays 1 is 4 λ, and the distance de between adjacent basic radiating elements 3 is λ/2.
As shown in fig. 4, it is a comparison diagram of simulated directional patterns when the linear array and the standard sub-array phased array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention scan to 4 °, at which time the beam stepping shifter 4 of the antenna in the embodiment selects Ω 0 Gear shift of 4.8 °. As can be seen from fig. 4, when the scan angle is 4 °, the gain of the linear array in the embodiment is 1dB higher than that of the standard sub-array level phased array antenna.
As shown in fig. 5, it is a comparison diagram of simulated directional patterns when the linear array and standard subarray-level phased array antenna in the embodiment of the present invention scan to 7.2 °, where the beam stepping shifter 4 of the antenna in this embodiment selects Ω 0 Gear of =4.8 °. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the scanning angle is 7.2 °, the gain of the linear array in the embodiment is 3.5dB higher than that of the standard sub-array level phased array antenna.
As shown in fig. 6, the beam scanning pattern of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention at the scanning angle of 0 ° to 7.2 ° is shown. As can be seen from fig. 6, in the beam scanning range of 0 ° to 7.2 °, the grating lobe is no less than 13dB lower than the main lobe, and the gain is only reduced by about 0.4dB when scanning to 7.2 °.
Specific design of antenna parameters in satellite-ground communication
Considering that when the communication satellite is positioned in a geosynchronous orbit, the field angle of the antenna beam covering the whole earth boundary is approximately equal to a cone angle airspace of 17 degrees, namely the antenna must have a scanning capability of +/-8.5 degrees to realize complete coverage, and the limit scanning angle of the 8-unit standard subarray-level phased array is only +/-7.2 degrees, therefore, the antenna architecture of the beam stepping shifter is considered to realize the full coverage of the beam of the synchronous orbit communication satellite.
In order to realize the beam coverage of +/-8.5 degrees, the beam deviation stepping value preset by the beam stepping shifter 4 is equal to or more than 0 degrees and less than or equal to or less than 8.5 degrees. Meanwhile, the gain of the main lobe is limited to be 13dB higher than that of the grating lobe in the scanning range, the beam offset of the beam stepping shifter 4 is stepped by omega =3.4 degrees by combining the two points, the number of the stepped beams is 5 (the limiting condition that the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe at any scanning angle required by a directional diagram is met), and the gear is set to omega 0 E (-6.8 °, -3.4 °, 0 °, 3.4 °, 6.8 °), and the value of the gear position is determined according to the maximum pointing angle θ of the beam 0 Determining, specifically selecting the basis as follows:
fig. 7 shows the beam scanning pattern of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention at the scanning angle of 0 ° to 8.5 °. As can be seen from fig. 7, in the beam scanning range of 0 ° to 8.5 °, the grating lobe is no less than 13dB lower than the main lobe, and the gain is only reduced by about 0.2dB when the beam is scanned to 8.5 °.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A step compensation low-cost phased array antenna framework is characterized by comprising n antenna sub-arrays (1), n receiving and transmitting components (2) and a power division synthesis network (5); each antenna subarray (1) comprises a beam stepping shifter (4) and m basic radiation units (3), each beam stepping shifter (4) comprises m output ends, the input ends of n beam stepping shifters (4) are connected with the output ends of n transceiver modules (2), the m output ends of the beam stepping shifters (4) are respectively connected with the input ends of m basic radiation units (3), and the input ends of n transceiver modules (2) are respectively connected with the corresponding output ends of a power dividing and combining network (5);
the n antenna sub-arrays (1) are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, and the interval between the adjacent antenna sub-arrays (1) is far larger than lambda; the m basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the interval between adjacent basic radiation units (3) in the same antenna subarray (1) does not exceed lambda, and lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves transmitted in free space under working frequency;
the receiving and transmitting component (2) comprises a high-position phase shifter, and the high-position phase shifter provides a required wave beam phase shift value for antenna spatial domain scanning; in practical application, the formula is utilized in advance
Calculating a beam phase shift value for each transceiver component (2), wherein beta i λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in free space at the operating frequency, θ, for the desired phase shift value of the beam 0 I =1,2,3,4 \8230forthe maximum pointing direction of the antenna beam and d the spacing between the antenna sub-arrays (1); the beam stepping shifter (4) is a discrete offset beam forming device, and realizes sub-array unit beam pointing stepping offset through an electronic controller;
the design method of the beam stepping shifter (4) is as follows:
a) Determining the maximum angle theta of the antenna scanning required according to the application scene smax ；
b) Initializing the number M =3 of the stepping beams;
c) Calculating a beam stepping offset initial value omega; the formula for Ω is:
d) Calculating the scanning performance at the initial value, as the scanning angle
When the grating lobe is maximum, the directional diagram at the moment is calculated
e) Judging whether the scanning performance of the initial state antenna can meet the limit condition that the directional diagram can be scanned at any required scanning angle and the main lobe is 13dB higher than the grating lobe, if not, adding 2 to the value of the number M of the stepping beams, and repeating the step c) and the step d) until the scanning performance of the antenna meets the requirement;
f) Obtaining the final number M of the stepping beams and the beam deviation stepping value omega;
when the application scene is inter-satellite communication, the maximum angle theta of antenna scanning smax The constraint is the limit scanning angle theta in the process of large-spacing scanning of the phased array of the sub-array level smax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the free space under the working frequency, and d is the distance between adjacent antenna subarrays (1);
when the application scene is satellite-ground communication, the maximum angle theta of antenna scanning smax =8.5 °, therefore, the beam deviation stepping value Ω preset by the beam stepping shifter (4) should satisfy 0 ° ≦ Ω ≦ 8.5 °; the number M of the stepped beams is 5, and in this case, the beam deviation value Ω =3.4 ° can be obtained according to the formula (1).
2. A step-compensated low-cost phased array antenna architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that θ when the distance d =4 λ between said adjacent antenna sub-arrays (1) smax =7.2 °, therefore, the beam deviation stepping value Ω preset by the beam stepping shifter 4 should satisfy 0 ° ≦ Ω ≦ 7.2 °; the number M of the stepped beams is 3, and in this case, the beam deviation value Ω =4.8 ° can be obtained according to the formula (1).
3. A step-compensated low-cost phased array antenna architecture as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the formula for determining the beam step selected by the beam step shifter (4) based on said beam deviation step value is as follows:
wherein omega 0 A beam step, Ω, selected for said beam stepping shifter (4) 0 ∈(-4.8°、0°、4.8°)，θ 0 Is the maximum pointing angle of the beam.
4. A step-compensated low-cost phased array antenna architecture as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the formula for determining the beam position selected by the beam step shifter (4) based on said beam deviation step value is as follows:
wherein omega 0 Beam step selected for the beam stepping shifter (4), omega 0 ∈(-6.8°、-3.4°、0°、3.4°、6.8°)，θ 0 Is the maximum pointing angle of the beam.
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| CN116505266B (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-15 | 成都迅翼卫通科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna full airspace star searching method and device |
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