CN211045741U - Array antenna structure - Google Patents
Array antenna structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN211045741U CN211045741U CN201922462104.5U CN201922462104U CN211045741U CN 211045741 U CN211045741 U CN 211045741U CN 201922462104 U CN201922462104 U CN 201922462104U CN 211045741 U CN211045741 U CN 211045741U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an array antenna structure, array antenna structure includes dielectric layer, radiation layer, transmission line, feed post, be equipped with at least three antenna radiation array element on the radiation layer, be equipped with on the side of dielectric layer the transmission line, every antenna radiation array element passes through the feed post is connected with two the transmission line. The utility model discloses an array antenna structure is through setting up a plurality of antenna radiation array elements to set up two transmission lines on every antenna radiation array element, can realize the antenna beam radiation of binary channels multipolarity, effectively increased the coverage of antenna beam scanning, can satisfy the bandwidth demand of wider frequency channel.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an array antenna structure.
Background
4G mobile communication has been commercialized and popularized, and research on 5G mobile communication technology is being conducted closely on a global scale. The 5G mobile communication has the characteristics of ultrahigh data rate transmission, ultralow time delay, ultrahigh bandwidth, ultrahigh capacity, multi-antenna technology, downward compatibility and the like. As a component of the communication front end, an array antenna suitable for 5G communication also becomes a key. The communication requirements of high speed, low delay and larger access capacity in 5G communication can be met only by wider beam scanning coverage.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The to-be-solved technical problem of the utility model is to provide an array antenna structure in order to overcome the narrow defect of antenna beam scanning coverage among the prior art.
The utility model discloses an above-mentioned technical problem is solved through following technical scheme:
The array antenna structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric layer, a radiation layer, transmission lines and feed columns, wherein at least three antenna radiation array elements are arranged on the radiation layer, the transmission lines are arranged on one side surface of the dielectric layer, and each antenna radiation array element is connected with two transmission lines through the feed columns.
In this scheme, adopt above-mentioned structural style, through setting up a plurality of antenna radiation array elements to set up two transmission lines on every antenna radiation array element, can realize the antenna beam radiation of binary channels multipolarization, effectively increased the coverage of antenna beam scanning, can satisfy the bandwidth demand of wider frequency channel.
Preferably, the antenna radiation array element has a square structure, the antenna radiation array element includes a first antenna radiation array element, a second antenna radiation array element, a third antenna radiation array element, and a fourth antenna radiation array element, and the first antenna radiation array element, the second antenna radiation array element, the third antenna radiation array element, and the fourth antenna radiation array element are transversely distributed on the radiation layer.
Preferably, the two transmission lines are a first transmission line and a second transmission line, respectively, and the first transmission line and the second transmission line are connected to two adjacent sides of the antenna radiation array element through the feeding column, respectively.
In this scheme, adopt above-mentioned structural style, connect two transmission lines on every antenna radiation array element, can realize the realization level of signal, vertical polarization binary channels transmission, the signal of the different frequency channels of receiving and dispatching simultaneously.
Preferably, the array antenna structure further includes a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, and two ends of the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are respectively connected to the transmission line and an external signal transceiver unit.
In the scheme, the structure is adopted, the receiving and transmitting ports of the signal receiving and transmitting unit are connected with different transmission lines through two branches, and excitation signals can be directionally transmitted to the corresponding transmission lines and scanning feedback signals of the corresponding antenna radiation array elements can be directionally received.
Preferably, the height of the feed column is 0.8-1mm, the diameter of the feed column is 0.05-0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element is 1.6-2 mm.
Preferably, the height of the feeding column is 0.8mm, the diameter of the feeding column is 0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element is 1.8 mm.
Preferably, the antenna radiating element and the transmission line are made of metal.
Preferably, the antenna radiating element and the transmission line are made of copper or aluminum.
Preferably, the material of the dielectric layer is one of ceramic, alumina and glass.
Preferably, the characteristic impedance of the dielectric layer and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line are both 50 ohms.
Preferably, the array antenna structure further includes a ground plane, and the ground plane is disposed on the other side surface of the dielectric layer opposite to the transmission line.
Preferably, the characteristic impedance of the ground layer is 50 ohms.
Preferably, the material of the ground layer is copper or aluminum.
On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined at will to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
The utility model discloses an actively advance the effect and lie in: the utility model discloses an array antenna structure is through setting up a plurality of antenna radiation array elements to set up two transmission lines on every antenna radiation array element, can realize the antenna beam radiation of binary channels multipolarity, effectively increased the coverage of antenna beam scanning, can satisfy the bandwidth demand of wider frequency channel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of an array antenna structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a system diagram of an external signal transceiver unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the reflection S parameter of each port of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the isolation of the branch ports of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6a is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention at the initial phase of 24GHz band.
Fig. 6b is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 45 degrees in the 24GHz band.
Fig. 6c is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the phase of the array antenna structure is increased by 90 degrees at 24GHz band.
Fig. 6d is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 180 degrees in the 24GHz band.
Fig. 7a is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure in the initial phase at the frequency band of 27GHz according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7b is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 45 degrees in the 27GHz band.
Fig. 7c is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 90 degrees in the 27GHz band.
Fig. 7d is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 180 degrees in the 27GHz band.
Fig. 8a is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention at the initial phase of the 30GHz band.
Fig. 8b is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 45 degrees in the 30GHz band.
Fig. 8c is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the phase of the array antenna structure is increased by 90 degrees at 30GHz band.
Fig. 8d is a beam scanning diagram of the array antenna structure according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is phase-amplified by 180 degrees in the frequency band of 30 GHz.
Description of reference numerals:
Antenna radiation array element 3
First antenna radiation array element 31
Second antenna radiating element 32
Third antenna radiation array element 33
The fourth antenna radiation array element 34
Antenna feed point 4
Transmit-receive switch 73
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by way of the following examples, but is not intended to be limited thereby within the scope of the following examples.
The embodiment discloses an array antenna structure which is mainly applied to the field of mobile communication antennas and can provide reliable resources for refined deep coverage of a mobile communication network and development of the 5G era. The array antenna structure comprises a dielectric layer 1, a radiation layer, transmission lines 2 and feed columns 6, wherein at least three antenna radiation array elements 3 are arranged on the radiation layer, the transmission lines 2 are arranged on one side face of the dielectric layer 1, and each antenna radiation array element 3 is connected with two transmission lines 2 through the feed columns 6.
This array antenna structure is through setting up a plurality of antenna radiation array element 3 to set up two transmission lines 2 on every antenna radiation array element 3, can realize the antenna beam radiation of binary channels multipolarization, effectively increased the coverage of antenna beam scanning, can satisfy the bandwidth demand of wider frequency channel.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the array antenna structure of this embodiment is an array antenna structure, the antenna radiation array element 3 is a square structure, the antenna radiation array element 3 includes a first antenna radiation array element 31, a second antenna radiation array element 32, a third antenna radiation array element 33, and a fourth antenna radiation array element 34, and the first antenna radiation array element 31, the second antenna radiation array element 32, the third antenna radiation array element 33, and the fourth antenna radiation array element 34 are transversely distributed on the radiation layer.
In this embodiment, the antenna radiation elements 3 of the array antenna structure are only four, so as to form a four-element linear array. The structure of the antenna radiation array element 3 is set to be a square with a simpler structure, so that the size of an antenna product can be reduced on the premise of meeting the required radiation range, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. In other embodiments, the number of antenna radiating elements 3 may be other, for example three or five, and it should be noted that the minimum number of antenna radiating elements 3 is three.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in the present embodiment, the two transmission lines 2 are a first transmission line 21 and a second transmission line 22, respectively, and the first transmission line 21 and the second transmission line 22 are connected to two adjacent sides of the antenna radiating element 3 through the feeding column 6, respectively.
In this embodiment, two transmission lines 2 are connected to each antenna radiation element 3, so that dual-channel transmission of signals can be realized through the signal transceiver unit 70 and two branches, and signals of different frequency bands can be simultaneously transmitted and received.
In this embodiment, the array antenna structure further includes a first branch and a second branch, and both ends of the first branch and the second branch are respectively connected to the transmission line 2 and the external signal transceiver unit 70.
The end of each transmission line 2 is provided with an antenna feed point 4, and the first branch and the second branch are respectively and electrically connected with one transmission line 2 of each antenna radiation array element 3 through the antenna feed point 4.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first branch is used to connect the first transmission line 21 on the first antenna radiation element 31 and the second antenna radiation element 32 and the second transmission line 22 on the third antenna radiation element 33 and the fourth antenna radiation element 34 with an external transceiver unit, and the second branch is used to connect the second transmission line 22 on the first antenna radiation element 31 and the second antenna radiation element 32 and the first transmission line 21 on the third antenna radiation element 33 and the fourth antenna radiation element 34 with an external transceiver unit.
For example, the array antenna structure is applied to the field of 5G communication, and the frequency band of the array antenna is between 24GHz and 30 GHz. When the array antenna structure is designed, the height of the feed column 6 is 0.8-1mm, the diameter of the feed column 6 is 0.05-0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element 3 is 1.6-2 mm. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the height of the feeding column 6 is 0.8mm, the diameter of the feeding column 6 is 0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element 3 is 1.8 mm. Or the height of the feed column 6 is 0.8mm, the diameter of the feed column 6 is 0.1mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element 3 is 1.9 mm.
Specifically, the antenna radiation array element 3 and the transmission line 2 are made of metal, preferably copper or aluminum, because the internal resistance of copper or aluminum is relatively small, the transmission of electric signals is facilitated, and the cost is greatly reduced compared with gold and silver.
The material of the dielectric layer 1 is one of ceramic, alumina and glass. In this embodiment, the dielectric layer 1 is made of a ceramic having a relative dielectric constant of 7.14. The characteristic impedance of the dielectric layer 1 and the transmission line 2 are both 50 ohms, which is a value of the characteristic impedance commonly used for radio frequency devices of wireless communication systems. In other embodiments, other relative dielectric constant materials, or other values of characteristic impedance may be selected.
Preferably, the array antenna structure further comprises a ground plane 5, and the ground plane 5 is disposed on the other side of the dielectric layer 1 opposite to the transmission line 2. Similarly, the material of the ground layer 5 is copper or aluminum, and the characteristic impedance of the ground layer 5 is also selected to be 50 ohms.
The array antenna structure transmits and receives signals through the signal transmitting and receiving unit 70. The signal transceiver unit 70 is a typical millimeter wave array active circuit, and the specific circuit design of the signal transceiver unit 70 needs to be designed according to the requirement, which is not described herein. A typical conventional signal transceiver unit 70 is shown in fig. 3, and the signal transceiver unit 70 includes a phase shifter 71, an attenuator 72, a transceiver switch 73, a high-power amplifier 74, a duplexer 75, a coupler 76, a limiter 77, and a low-noise amplifier 78; the signal output end of the phase shifter 71 is connected with the first signal input end of the attenuator 72, the first signal output end of the attenuator 72 is connected with the first signal input end of the transceiving switch 73, the first signal output end of the transceiving switch 73 is connected with the signal input end of the high-power amplifier 74, the signal output end of the high-power amplifier 74 is connected with the first signal input end of the duplexer 75, and the first signal output end of the duplexer 75 is connected with the signal input end of the coupler 76; the signal output end of the coupler 76 is connected to the second signal input end of the duplexer 75, the second signal output end of the duplexer 75 is connected to the signal input end of the limiter 77, the signal output end of the limiter 77 is connected to the signal input end of the low-noise amplifier 78, the signal output end of the low-noise amplifier 78 is connected to the second signal input end of the transceiving switch 73, the second signal output end of the transceiving switch 73 is connected to the second signal input end of the attenuator 72, and the second signal output end of the attenuator 72 is connected to the signal input end of the phase shifter 71.
In this embodiment, the phase shifter 71, the attenuator 72, the transceiving switch 73, the high power amplifier 74, the duplexer 75, the coupler 76, the limiter 77, and the low noise amplifier 78 of the signal transceiving unit 70 are all digital circuit structures, which can greatly reduce the volume of the array antenna structure.
The components of the signal transceiver unit 70 will be further described below.
The phase shifter 71 may provide phase increase and decrease for each unit circuit to redirect the scanned beam. Since the phase shifter 71 is required for both the signal transceiving units 70, the phase shifter 71 is often placed in the transceiving common channel. The phase shifter 71 may be a passive reciprocal network or an active phase shifter. In the present embodiment, the phase shifter 71 is an active digitally controlled phase shifter.
The phase shifters 71 in the active phased array must set the corresponding phase shift values to control the beam pointing. These complex tasks are performed by existing beamforming computers and are not described herein.
The high power amplifier 74 is the largest and most expensive part of the transceiver unit 70 and is also the primary source of unwanted heat. It is often applied in a two-way fashion using a quadrature or in-phase coupler 76 for the synthesis. The benefit of quadrature combining is that the impedance matching performance of the looking-in combination is very good.
The duplexer 75 may allow the transmitting unit and the receiving unit to share an antenna unit. Can be a ferrite circulator or a single-pole multi-switch.
The limiter 77 is used to prevent low noise from being damaged during signal transmission or other noise ingress, and may also provide a load to the duplexer 75 during signal transmission to absorb the signal power reflected from the antenna. When a large angle scan is performed, there will be a large reflected power. In other embodiments, a receiver protection switch may be used in place of the limiter 77.
The low noise amplifier 78 determines the noise figure of the system and various losses between the antenna and the low noise amplifier 78 have an effect on the noise figure that is controlled to a minimum. Two low noise amplifiers 78 in series may be used in use. In order to maximize the sensitivity of the transceiver unit 70, it is desirable to place the lna 78 and power amplifier close to the antenna to reduce the loss of the transmission line 2 or to design the amplifier to provide good impedance matching when the bias is off.
The signal transceiving unit 70 also has a modulation circuit because the signal transceiving unit 70 has to be switched from a transmitting state to a receiving mode very quickly. During signal reception, the transmit signal branch is off; also, in the transmit state, the receive amplifier is off. This is typically accomplished by a circuit that cuts off the drain current of the amplifier that needs to be turned off. In theory, the amplifier could also be modulated using a gate. But this is generally not done, probably because the noise on the gate during the modulation waveform setup is much more significant than the effect of using the drain for mode conversion.
When the array antenna structure of this embodiment is in use, an external 5G radio frequency module sends out an excitation signal through the signal transceiver unit 70, and the excitation signal is transmitted to the antenna feed point 4 through a corresponding shunt, and then the excitation signal passes through the transmission line 2 and the feed column 6 to realize feeding to the antenna radiation array element 3, and the beam scanning requirement is realized through the antenna radiation array element 3, and the scanning result is returned to the signal transceiver unit 70 through the feed column 6, the transmission line 2 and the corresponding shunt, and the final feedback signal is received by the external 5G radio frequency module.
The array antenna structure of the embodiment can be used by multiple groups simultaneously to realize omnidirectional scanning coverage and meet the requirement of wider beam scanning coverage.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the reflection S parameter of each port of the array antenna structure in this embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the array antenna structure of the present embodiment has small reflection return loss of each transmission line 2 in the frequency band range of 24-30GHz and has a good standing wave ratio. In the figure, S-Parameters [ Impedance View ] is "S parameter [ Impedance View ].
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the isolation of the shunt port of the array antenna structure in the embodiment. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation of the array antenna structure of the present embodiment is better. In the figure, S-Parameters [ magnesium in dB ] is "S parameter [ magnitude (decibel) ]", and frequency is "frequency".
Fig. 6a to 8d are beam scanning diagrams of different phase amplifications of this embodiment in the frequency bands of 24GHz, 27GHz and 30 GHz. It can be seen from the figure that the array antenna structure of the present embodiment has good beam frequency scanning gain in the scanning direction of the antenna under different frequency bands, and meets the requirement of the coverage area of beam scanning.
In the figure:
Farfield real Gain is "far field Gain simulation";
Frequency is "Frequency";
The Main lobe gain is 'radiation Main lobe gain';
Main lobe direction is 'Main lobe direction angle';
Angular width is "lobe width";
Side lobe level is "Side lobe ratio".
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the principles of the present invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The array antenna structure is characterized by comprising a dielectric layer, a radiation layer, transmission lines and feed columns, wherein at least three antenna radiation array elements are arranged on the radiation layer, the transmission lines are arranged on one side face of the dielectric layer, and each antenna radiation array element is connected with two transmission lines through the feed columns.
2. The array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiating elements are square, and the antenna radiating elements include a first antenna radiating element, a second antenna radiating element, a third antenna radiating element, and a fourth antenna radiating element, and the first antenna radiating element, the second antenna radiating element, the third antenna radiating element, and the fourth antenna radiating element are laterally distributed on the radiating layer.
3. The array antenna structure of claim 2, wherein two of the transmission lines are a first transmission line and a second transmission line, respectively, and the first transmission line and the second transmission line are connected to two adjacent sides of the antenna radiating element through the feeding column, respectively.
4. The array antenna structure of claim 3, further comprising a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit, wherein two ends of the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are respectively connected to the transmission line and an external signal transceiving unit.
5. The array antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the height of the feeding column is 0.8-1mm, the diameter of the feeding column is 0.05-0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiation array element is 1.6-2 mm.
6. The array antenna structure of claim 5, wherein the height of the feeding column is 0.8mm, the diameter of the feeding column is 0.08mm, and the side length of the antenna radiating element is 1.8 mm.
7. The array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the antenna radiating elements and the transmission lines are made of metal.
8. The array antenna structure of claim 7, wherein the antenna radiating elements and the transmission lines are made of copper or aluminum.
9. The array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the dielectric layer is made of one of ceramic, alumina and glass.
10. The array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the characteristic impedance of the dielectric layer and the transmission line are each 50 ohms.
11. The array antenna structure of any of claims 1-10, further comprising a ground plane disposed on the other side of the dielectric layer opposite the transmission line.
12. The array antenna structure of claim 11, wherein the ground plane has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
13. The array antenna structure of claim 11, wherein the ground plane is made of copper or aluminum.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922462104.5U CN211045741U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Array antenna structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201922462104.5U CN211045741U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Array antenna structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN211045741U true CN211045741U (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201922462104.5U Active CN211045741U (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2019-12-31 | Array antenna structure |
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| CN (1) | CN211045741U (en) |
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2019
- 2019-12-31 CN CN201922462104.5U patent/CN211045741U/en active Active
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