CN116753077A - 一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板 - Google Patents
一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,包括壁板框架和外面板;所述壁板框架和外面板用复合材料制成,复合材料包括但不限于碳纤维增强树脂材料、玻璃纤维材料及碳纤维与玻璃纤维组合的材料。本发明在满足箱体壁板厚度的条件下,将高性能的隔声板、吸音毡、阻尼材料、绝热毯等材料按照一定顺序夹心叠置固定在壁板框架内,得到一种新型燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板。它不仅解决了燃气轮机箱装体隔声隔热、抗外部冲击、箱体轻量化、密封性好及抗腐蚀性等问题,而且能够保证燃气轮机装置的安全运行,同时还改善运行人员工作条件和减少对周围环境的污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于船用燃气轮机动力装置技术领域,具体涉及一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板。
背景技术
自二十世纪七十年代以来,由于燃气轮机动力装置的优越性能,同时具有体积小、功率密度大、启动快、维护方便等特点,在船舶动力装置、工业调峰发电、压缩天然气输送管道、海上平台发电和分布式能源电站等领域上得到了广泛的应用。燃气轮机包括压气机、燃烧室和燃气涡轮等三大部件,压气机是消耗机械功率以提高流过它的空气压力,经过压缩后的高压空气流入燃烧室,燃烧室是将蕴储在燃料中的化学能转化为热能释放出来,用来加热工质,此时高压空气变为高温、高压的燃气,流入燃气涡轮后,高温高压燃气中的部分热能和压力能装换成机械功,用以带动压气机、附件和外负荷。
燃气轮机装置在运行过程中有三个主要噪声源:进气噪声源、燃气轮机(压气机、燃烧室、燃气涡轮)机匣辐射噪声源、排气噪声源等,燃气轮机本体周围各点到噪声源的距离不同、噪声源的能量大小不同以及来自不同噪声源的声波干涉、叠加的结果,使得其能量级也是不一样的。通常,大多数燃气轮机本体所产生的空气声噪声值可高达130dB(A)~150dB(A)。
由于燃气轮机运行中产生非常大的噪声,这对操作人员带来很大的伤害;同时燃气轮机机匣外表面有很大的热量辐射及机匣连接法兰处泄漏一定的热量等不利因素,这都将影响到船舶燃气轮机装置的安全运行、运行人员的工作条件以及周围环境。于是,在燃气轮机总体设计方面出现了一项重大改进,就是采用“箱装体”的设计概念。
燃气轮机箱装体就是将燃气轮机机组包容在一个完整而独立的密封箱体和整体承力底架上,箱装体已经成为燃气轮机装置的重要组成部分,不仅将燃气轮机主要部件包在箱装体内,而且把燃气轮机的进、排气部分也包在箱装体内。燃气轮机箱装体是由燃机底架和箱体组成,箱体壁板的结构设计显得尤为重要。除了箱装体配有通风冷却系统之外,还要考虑箱体壁板的空气声隔声量、隔热、材料适应性、刚度、抗外部冲击、防火、密封性、抗核污染、抗生物和化学能力、拆装、日常维护等方面。
目前,现有的船舶燃气轮机箱装体的箱体是由箱装体主框架与多块钢质壁板装配而成,箱装体主框架是由不同的型钢材料焊接而成且具有承受外部冲击载荷的承力框架,壁板包括箱体前侧壁板、侧壁板、顶壁板、后侧壁板、顶壁板、进气法兰、出气法兰和进气隔板等,它们都是通过螺栓固定到箱装体主框架上。为了保证箱体壁板具有良好的隔声隔热功能和整体刚度,将壁板框架与外面钢板焊接成一个承力结构件,在壁板内部夹心叠置隔热、隔声、吸声和阻尼等材料,同时在壁板与主框架之间设置有两层密封垫,以确保箱装体的密封性和气密性。由于现有箱体的壁板结构是由内孔钢板、单层隔热材料、隔声板、单层吸声材料、阻尼材料、钢板等叠置组合而成,选择超细玻璃丝棉作为隔热、吸声的材料,由此制作的壁板内部夹芯叠置材料的层数较少且工艺简单,使得壁板的隔声隔热效果受到了较大的限制。随着燃气轮机技术的迅速发展,对燃气轮机辐射噪声限制指标要求越来越严格,设备空气声噪声测量的倍频程中心频率在31.5Hz~8000Hz范围,规定燃气轮机箱装体外1米处所测得的A计权声压级辐射噪声指标≤90dB(A),以确保机组运行时人员的工作环境和周围环境。但是,由于船舶燃气轮机装置的安装空间小、重量受限和维护费用高,海洋环境下燃气轮机箱装体的金属材料腐蚀严重,再加上箱装体壁板厚度的限制,使得现有燃气轮机箱装体技术性能指标已经不能满足更高的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了能解决燃气轮机运行时的空气噪声、热辐射、壁板刚度、外部冲击、防火、密封性等问题的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板。
一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,包括壁板框架和外面板;所述壁板框架和外面板用复合材料制成,复合材料包括但不限于碳纤维增强树脂材料、玻璃纤维材料及碳纤维与玻璃纤维组合的材料。
进一步地,所述壁板框架与外面板粘结成一体,按照阻尼材料、吸音毡A、隔声板、吸音毡B、玻璃钢板、纤维复合板、绝热毯A、吸音毡C、绝热毯B、内穿孔板顺序叠置并固定在壁板框架内而组成的壁板。这些材料具有使用安全、环保无污染、防火阻燃、无毒、憎水、适应环境性好、且燃烧时不排放有毒气体的特点。
进一步地,所述壁板选择两层耐高温绝热毯,第一层为绝热毯B,第二层是绝热毯A,有效地减少箱装体内的热量向外传递。
进一步地,所述壁板采用四层板结构来进行隔声,四层板分别为外面板、隔声板、玻璃钢板和纤维复合板,有效减弱透射声能,阻挡声音的传播,壁板框架被纤维复合板分为上层框架和下层框架,避免由直接连接而引起的声桥和热桥。
进一步地,所述壁板内部采用三层吸声系数高的材料,分别为吸音毡A、吸音毡B和吸音毡C,有效增加箱体壁板内部的能量辐射衰减率。
进一步地,所述外面板内表面喷涂减振消声阻尼材料,通过声音在其中传播时与周围介质摩擦,将部分声能转换为热能。
进一步地,所述壁板采用密度较大的隔声板和阻尼材料,使声音传递损失最大。
进一步地,所述壁板采用双层密封垫结构包括密封垫A和密封垫B结构,阻碍声音由里向外的传递,其结构形状包括但不限于“U”形、“B”形和“W”形曲面。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)用复合材料作为壁板框架和外面板的材料,复合材料包括但不限于碳纤维增强树脂材料、玻璃纤维及碳纤维与玻璃纤维组合材料,具有很强的抗腐蚀性;
(2)采用双层绝热材料结构,有利于吸音、隔声和阻尼等材料的选取,同时减少箱体内部热量由内向外部的传递;
(3)采用四层板的隔声结构,有效减弱透射声能,阻挡声音的传播,框架被复合纤维板分为上层和下层,避免由直接连接而引起的声桥和热桥;
(4)箱体壁板内部的能量辐射衰减率与内表面所具有吸声单位和箱装体外部辐射面积有关,在壁板内部采用三层吸声系数高的材料,有效增加箱体壁板内部的能量辐射衰减率;
(5)为了避免外面板因激振而形成再生性声源,在外面板内表面喷涂减振消声阻尼材料,通过声音在其中传播时与周围介质摩擦,将部分声能转换为热能,达到减振和消声的目的;
(6)声音传递损失与壁板的质量成正比,选用密度较大的隔声板和阻尼材料,使声音传递损失最大;
(7)这些绝热、隔声、吸音和阻尼等材料具有使用安全、环保无污染、防火阻燃、无毒、憎水、适应环境性好、且燃烧时不排放有毒气体的特点。
(8)采用双层密封垫结构,在预紧力的作用下使得密封垫处于最佳的压缩状态,保证壁板与箱装体主框架之间具有良好的密封性,阻碍声音由里向外的传递;
(9)合理选择壁板厚度、封边框、垂直筋、水平筋的结构型式及其之间距离等,以保证每块壁板的整体刚度,壁板框架是由封边框与多根水平筋、垂直筋以一定间距交叉布置的方式粘结而成。
由于采用上述技术方案,在满足箱体壁板厚度的条件下,将高性能的隔声板、吸音毡、阻尼材料、绝热毯等材料按照一定顺序夹心叠置固定在壁板框架内,得到一种新型燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板。它不仅解决了燃气轮机箱装体隔声隔热、抗外部冲击、箱体轻量化、密封性好及抗腐蚀性等问题,而且能够保证燃气轮机装置的安全运行,同时还改善运行人员工作条件和减少对周围环境的污染。
附图说明
图1为本发明燃气轮机箱体结构示意图;
图2为本发明箱装体主框架结构示意图;
图3为本发明图1中的A-A剖视图;
图4为本发明图3中B向视图;
图5为本发明图3中壁板内部结构Ⅰ放大图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
图1为燃气轮机箱体1结构示意图,燃气轮机箱体1为一种框架式结构,由壁板30装配到箱装体主框架2上所围成的箱体,壁板30包括前侧壁板3、10块侧壁板4、2块顶壁板5、后侧壁板6、进气法兰7、排气法兰8和进气隔板等部件。
图2为箱装体主框架结构示意图,箱装体主框架2由多根型钢横梁与型钢立柱焊接而成的空间构架安装到燃气轮机底架上。
图3为图1中A-A剖视图,侧壁板4包括但不限于带维修门和窗,侧壁板4用螺栓19固定到箱装体主框架2上,壁板上包括但不限于带门和窗。其中,前侧壁板3、侧壁板4、顶壁板5、后侧壁板6和顶壁板5等部件的结构相同。
图4为图3中的B向视图,壁板框架23由封边框23a、上层框架、下层框架、加强板23e和安装座23g等构件以一定间距交叉布置的方式粘结而成,整个框架均为复合材料,上层框架包括水平筋23c与垂直筋23f,下层框架包括水平筋23b与垂直筋23d,水平筋23c、水平筋23b和垂直筋23f、垂直筋23d的结构形状包括但不限于是“C型”和“方管”。
图5是图3中壁板内部结构Ⅰ放大图,所述壁板框架23与外面板20粘结成一体,按照阻尼材料19、吸音毡A18、隔声板17、吸音毡B16、玻璃钢板15、纤维复合板14、绝热毯A13、吸音毡C12、绝热毯B11、内穿孔板10顺序叠置固定在壁板框架23内而组成的壁板30。从壁板内部结构图中可以看出:
(1)用复合材料作为壁板框架23和外面板20的材料,复合材料包括但不限于碳纤维增强树脂材料、玻璃纤维材料及碳纤维与玻璃纤维组合材料,具有很强的抗腐蚀性;
(2)壁板30选择两层耐高温绝热毯,第一层为绝热毯B11,第二层是绝热毯A13,有效地减少箱装体内的热量向外传递。
(3)壁板30采用四层板结构来进行隔声,四层板分别为外面板20、隔声板17、玻璃钢板15和纤维复合板14,有效减弱透射声能,阻挡声音的传播,壁板框架23被纤维复合板14分成上层框架和下层框架,避免由直接连接而引起的声桥和热桥。
(4)壁板30内部采用三层吸声系数高的材料,分别为吸音毡A18、吸音毡B16和吸音毡C12,有效增加箱体壁板内部的能量辐射衰减率。
(5)在外面板20内表面喷涂减振消声阻尼材料19,通过声音在其中传播时与周围介质摩擦,将部分声能转换为热能。
(6)壁板30采用密度较大的隔声板17和阻尼材料19,使声音传递损失最大。
(7)壁板30采用双层密封垫结构包括密封垫A21和密封垫B22结构,阻碍声音由里向外的传递,其结构形状包括但不限于“U”形、“B”形和“W”形曲面。
(8)合理选择壁板30厚度、封边框、垂直筋、水平筋的结构型式及其之间距离等,以保证壁板30的整体刚度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,包括壁板框架(23)和外面板(20);所述壁板框架(23)和外面板(20)用复合材料制成,复合材料包括但不限于碳纤维增强树脂材料、玻璃纤维材料及碳纤维与玻璃纤维组合的材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板框架(23)与外面板(20)粘结成一体,按照阻尼材料(19)、吸音毡A(18)、隔声板(17)、吸音毡B(16)、玻璃钢板(15)、纤维复合板(14)、绝热毯A(13)、吸音毡C(12)、绝热毯B(11)、内穿孔板(10)等顺序叠置固定在壁板框架(23)内而组成壁板(30)。这些材料具有使用安全、环保无污染、防火阻燃、无毒、憎水、适应环境性好、且燃烧时不排放有毒气体的特点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板(30)选择两层耐高温绝热毯,第一层为绝热毯B(11),第二层是绝热毯A(13),有效地减少箱装体内的热量向外传递。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板(30)采用四层板结构来进行隔声,四层板分别为外面板(20)、隔声板(17)、玻璃钢板(15)和纤维复合板(14),有效减弱透射声能,阻挡声音的传播,壁板框架(23)被纤维复合板(14)分为上层框架和下层框架,避免由直接连接而引起的声桥和热桥。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板(30)内部采用三层吸声系数高的材料,分别为吸音毡A(18)、吸音毡B(16)和吸音毡C(12),有效增加箱体壁板内部的能量辐射衰减率。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述外面板(20)内表面喷涂减振消声阻尼材料(19),通过声音在其中传播时与周围介质摩擦,将部分声能转换为热能。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板(30)采用密度较大的隔声板(17)和阻尼材料(19),使声音传递损失最大。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种船用燃气轮机箱装体复合材料壁板,其特征在于,所述壁板(30)采用双层密封垫结构包括密封垫A(21)和密封垫B(22)结构,阻碍声音由里向外的传递,其结构形状包括但不限于“U”形、“B”形和“W”形曲面。
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