CN116731007A - 一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116731007A CN116731007A CN202311031521.9A CN202311031521A CN116731007A CN 116731007 A CN116731007 A CN 116731007A CN 202311031521 A CN202311031521 A CN 202311031521A CN 116731007 A CN116731007 A CN 116731007A
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- scopolamine
- hydrobromide
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- WTGQALLALWYDJH-MOUKNHLCSA-N scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) Chemical compound Br.C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 WTGQALLALWYDJH-MOUKNHLCSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229960004499 scopolamine hydrobromide Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-VJQRDGCPSA-N chembl3084722 Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-VJQRDGCPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- AVCRYECOWDUKJB-ULKQDVFKSA-N 3alpha-Acetoxytropane Natural products O=C(OC1C[C@@H]2[N+](C)[C@H](C1)CC2)C AVCRYECOWDUKJB-ULKQDVFKSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- MDIDMOWWLBGYPG-MYJAWHEDSA-N O-acetyltropine Chemical compound C1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C MDIDMOWWLBGYPG-MYJAWHEDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 acetyl scopolamine Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- GJPDCORRBGIJOP-HTCOGKIYSA-N anisodine hydrobromide Chemical compound Br.C1([C@](O)(CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@H]2[C@@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 GJPDCORRBGIJOP-HTCOGKIYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KMYQCELRVANQNG-YXGOVGSCSA-N Br.CN1[C@@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H]1C[C@H](C2)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound Br.CN1[C@@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@H]1C[C@H](C2)OC(=O)[C@H](CO)c1ccccc1 KMYQCELRVANQNG-YXGOVGSCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000413 hydrolysate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RODXRVNMMDRFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N scopoletin Chemical compound C1=CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(OC)C(O)=C2 RODXRVNMMDRFIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- WTQYWNWRJNXDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-hyoscyamin Natural products CN1C(C2)CC(O)C1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 WTQYWNWRJNXDEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003347 Atropine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000208296 Datura Species 0.000 description 2
- XEHFSYYAGCUKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydroscopoletin Natural products C1CC(=O)OC2=C1C=C(OC)C(O)=C2 XEHFSYYAGCUKEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hyosciamin-hydrochlorid Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl chloride Chemical compound CC(Cl)=O WETWJCDKMRHUPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012346 acetyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- WTQYWNWRJNXDEG-LEOABGAYSA-N anisodamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](C2)N3C)=CC=CC=C1 WTQYWNWRJNXDEG-LEOABGAYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000396 atropine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N atropine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@H]2CC[C@@H](C1)N2C)C(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- FWYIBGHGBOVPNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N scopoletin Natural products COC=1C=C2C=CC(OC2=C(C1)O)=O FWYIBGHGBOVPNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XQJMXPAEFMWDOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3exo-benzoyloxy-tropane Natural products CN1C(C2)CCC1CC2OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XQJMXPAEFMWDOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067484 Adverse reaction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- CMVHOLZLFLESKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Anisodine Natural products CN1C2CC(CC1C3OC23)C(=O)OC(O)(CO)c4ccccc4 CMVHOLZLFLESKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-USLFZFAMSA-N LSM-4015 Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-USLFZFAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000014415 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050003473 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000006550 Mydriasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QQXLDOJGLXJCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylnortropinone Natural products C1C(=O)CC2CCC1N2C QQXLDOJGLXJCSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIZDQFOVGFDBKW-DHBOJHSNSA-N Pseudotropine Natural products OC1C[C@@H]2[N+](C)[C@H](C1)CC2 QIZDQFOVGFDBKW-DHBOJHSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010039897 Sedation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006838 adverse reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEJREKXHLFEVHN-QDXGGTILSA-N anisodine Chemical compound C1([C@](O)(CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 JEJREKXHLFEVHN-QDXGGTILSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001078 anti-cholinergic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001022 anti-muscarinic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005251 capillar electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010568 chiral column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012069 chiral reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000030214 innervation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003149 muscarinic antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001734 parasympathetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BBBRAOXIMQHVCR-QYRWGYAXSA-N scopine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@@H]1N2C)C(O)C[C@@H]2[C@@H]2[C@H]1O2 BBBRAOXIMQHVCR-QYRWGYAXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036280 sedation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930004668 tropane alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CYHOMWAPJJPNMW-JIGDXULJSA-N tropine Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)C[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1N2C CYHOMWAPJJPNMW-JIGDXULJSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
- C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
- C07D451/06—Oxygen atoms
- C07D451/10—Oxygen atoms acylated by aliphatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, e.g. atropine, scopolamine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B57/00—Separation of optically-active compounds
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- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/07—Optical isomers
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法,属于化学合成技术领域,它包括如下步骤:a、以氢溴酸樟柳碱为起始物料,经降解、分离纯化得到东莨菪醇盐酸盐;b、东莨菪醇盐酸盐与乙酰托品酰氯酯化反应得到乙酰东莨菪碱;c、乙酰东莨菪碱水解得消旋东莨菪碱,经成盐结晶得到消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐;d、消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐经拆分纯化得到单一构型的氢溴酸东莨菪碱。本发明以氢溴酸樟柳碱为起始物料,采用水解酶法制备东莨菪碱,条件温和,收率高、成本低,工艺相对简单,产品收率和纯度显著提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法,属药物合成领域。
背景技术
东莨菪碱(Scopolamine)是一种莨菪烷型生物碱,具有多种生物活性,如散瞳、解痉、抗胆碱、麻醉、镇痛和镇静等,逐渐受到人们的关注。在临床上,东莨菪碱的药效主要基于其抗毒蕈碱作用。作为毒蕈碱阻滞剂,东莨菪碱竞争毒蕈碱受体,阻断副交感神经的支配。此外,与莨菪碱、阿托品(莨菪碱的外消旋形式)相比,东莨菪碱具有不良反应少、疗效强的特点。据初步统计,东莨菪碱的市场需求量是莨菪碱和阿托品总量的10倍。因此,东莨菪碱的制备已经成为当前的研究热点。东莨菪碱易消旋、不易保存,所以临床上主要用其氢溴酸盐。
目前从植物中提取、分离、纯化氢溴酸东莨菪碱的相关报道较多,如申请号:CN201810354629.4,发明名称:一种从低含量洋金花中提取分离东莨菪碱的工艺,涉及选择洋金花提取物为提取东莨菪碱的原料,采用超声波辅助二氯甲烷法进行提取,然后采用酸水和四氯化碳进行萃取,实现东莨菪碱的初步富集,再用大孔树脂结合结晶技术进行纯化,得到高纯度的氢溴酸东莨菪碱。
氢溴酸东莨菪碱合成工艺鲜有报道。主要为合成消旋东莨菪碱,再经手性拆分得到单一构型的氢溴酸东莨菪碱。手性拆分一般采用手性柱色谱法、毛细管电泳法、手性试剂等拆分方法,存在成本高、技术难度大,部分技术难以工业化等缺点。申请号201410255986.7,发明名称:一种合成东莨菪碱及其盐的方法,其中,公开了可合成氢溴酸东莨菪碱。该专利采用唐古特山莨菪植株中含量较高的樟柳碱为起始物料,经酶降解得到东莨菪醇盐酸盐,与乙酰托品酰氯进行酯化反应,再经去乙酰基、成盐结晶,利用右旋体在异丙醇中溶解度差异结晶精制得到氢溴酸东莨菪碱,该申请制备的氢溴酸东莨菪碱收率低、成本高。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案是提供了一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法。
本发明提供了一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法,它包括如下步骤:
a、以含氢溴酸樟柳碱为起始物料,经降解、分离纯化得到东莨菪醇盐酸盐;
b、东莨菪醇盐酸盐与乙酰托品酰氯酯化反应得到乙酰东莨菪碱;
c、乙酰东莨菪碱水解得消旋东莨菪碱,经成盐结晶得到消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐;
d、消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐经拆分纯化得到单一构型的氢溴酸东莨菪碱。
其中,a步骤所述的降解、分离纯化方法为:取氢溴酸樟柳碱,加水溶解,加入浓度为23U/mg的ES-PLE-126型酯水解酶,30℃水解,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,于2-10℃结晶。
其中,b步骤所述的乙酰东莨菪碱的制备方法为:在乙酰托品酸中加入密度为1.956g/ml,沸点为79℃的氯化亚砜,83±2℃回流反应,废气用氢氧化钠缓冲液瓶吸收;93±2℃减压浓缩回收过剩的氯化亚砜,得乙酰托品酰氯;将东莨菪醇盐酸盐用二氯甲烷溶解后,缓缓滴加乙酰托品酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,冷水冷却后,通入氮气,滴加二甲基甲酰胺,45±5℃回流反应,即得。
其中,c步骤所述的消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐的制备方法为:乙酰东莨菪碱反应液加入3mol/L盐酸萃取,分相,取上层水相,室温放置水解12h以上,得水解液;水解液调节pH至9.0,二氯甲烷1:1萃取,萃取液中加入无水硫酸钠,搅拌过滤,滤液减压除去二氯甲烷,加入6-8倍乙醇溶解,滴加氢溴酸至pH2-4,2-10℃结晶,过滤,晶体80℃干燥,得消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐。
其中,d步骤所述的氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法为:消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐用异丙醇结晶,结晶母液浓缩后加入无水乙醇结晶,得氢溴酸东莨菪碱。
本发明以氢溴酸樟柳碱为起始物料,采用水解酶法制备东莨菪醇盐酸盐,条件温和,不易转化为异东莨菪醇盐酸盐,然后经酯化、水解、成盐反应得消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐,酯化反应中加入氮气保护和缚酸剂加快反应,提升收率,再经纯化拆分得到单一构型的氢溴酸东莨菪碱,合成路线较短,脱烷部分酯化后不需进行环氧化反应,缩短合成路线,右旋体的去除采用溶解度差异化试剂精制纯化,收率高、成本低,工艺相对简单,产品收率和纯度显著提升。
附图说明
图1是本发明氢溴酸东莨菪碱合成工艺流程图。
图2是氢溴酸东莨菪碱质谱图。
图3是氢溴酸东莨菪碱氢谱图。
图4是氢溴酸东莨菪碱碳谱图。
图5是氢溴酸东莨菪碱红外谱图。
实施方式
实施例1 本发明氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备
1.东莨菪醇盐酸盐制备
氢溴酸樟柳碱50g,加入250ml水溶解,加入ES-PLE-126 型酯水解酶1g,50℃水解1.5h,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇约200ml溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,2-10℃结晶,得东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.2g。
2.乙酰东莨菪碱制备
托品酸30g加乙酰氯40ml,83±2℃回流反应6h,氢氧化钠溶液接收尾气。反应完毕,93±2℃减压浓缩去除乙酰氯。得乙酰托品酸。在乙酰托品酸中加入氯化亚砜40ml,83±2℃回流反应6小时,废气用氢氧化钠缓冲液瓶吸收。93±2℃减压浓缩回收过剩的氯化亚砜,得乙酰托品酰氯20.4g。将东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.2g用50ml二氯甲烷溶解后,缓缓滴加乙酰托品酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,冷水冷却后,通入氮气,滴加二甲基甲酰胺约0.5ml,45±5℃回流反应约2h,得到乙酰东莨菪碱26.0g。
3.消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐制备
乙酰东莨菪碱反应液加入3mol/L盐酸萃取,分相,取上层水相,室温放置水解12h以上,得水解液。水解液调节pH至9.0,二氯甲烷1:1萃取4次,每次调节水相pH至9.0,合并萃取液加入无水硫酸钠,搅拌过滤,滤液减压除去二氯甲烷,加入6-8倍乙醇溶解,滴加氢溴酸至pH2-4,2-10℃结晶,过滤,晶体80℃干燥,得消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐26.4g。
4.拆分纯化制备氢溴酸东莨菪碱
消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐26.4g用异丙醇结晶,取结晶母液浓缩至干,加入无水乙醇溶解,结晶干燥得氢溴酸东莨菪碱15.4g。色谱纯度为99.6%。
工艺流程见图1:
合成路线如下:
5.氢溴酸东莨菪碱结构确证
5.1.质谱(见图2)
质谱检测与东莨菪碱分子量一致,理论303.36,[H+1]为304.4。
5.2.氢谱(见图3)
氢谱数据与东莨菪碱谱学数据对照基本一致。
5.3.碳谱(见图4)
碳谱数据与东莨菪碱谱学数据对照基本一致。
5.4.红外(见图5)
红外图谱与标准图谱比对一致。
5.5.比旋度检测
按药典检测方法,得到化合物的比旋度为-25.7°,符合药典标准中东莨菪碱-24°至-27°的比旋度。
通过以上数据对比,确定得到的化合物为东莨菪碱。
对比例1 常规水解法制备东莨菪醇盐酸盐
碱降解例:氢溴酸樟柳碱50g,加入250ml水溶解,用氨水调节pH至9.5,30℃保温搅拌8h,樟柳碱水解完全,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇约200ml溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,2-10℃结晶,得到东莨菪醇盐酸盐与异东莨菪醇盐酸盐的混合物,东莨菪醇盐酸盐纯度为65%。
ES-PLE-126型酯水解酶降解例:氢溴酸樟柳碱50g,加入250ml水溶解,加ES-PLE-126型酯水解酶1g,50℃水解1.5h,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇约200ml溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,2-10℃结晶,得东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.2g。经检测东莨菪醇盐酸盐色谱纯度为96%。
结果表明:采用常规降解方法得不到较纯的东莨菪醇盐酸盐。
对比例2 ES-PLE-134型酯水解酶降解例制备东莨菪醇盐酸盐
酶降解例:氢溴酸樟柳碱50g,加入250ml水溶解,加入ES-PLE-134型酯水解酶1g,50℃水解1.5h,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇约200ml溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,2-10℃结晶,得东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.2g。经检测东莨菪醇盐酸盐色谱纯度为82%,而ES-PLE-126型酯水解酶得到的东莨菪醇盐酸盐色谱纯度高达96%。
结果表明:ES-PLE-126和ES-PLE-134型酯水解酶降解得到的东莨菪醇盐酸盐质量相同,但前者色谱纯度优于后者,效果更好。
本发明使用的水解酶的货号为 ES-PLE-126和ES-PLE-134,均为市售品,规格为50mg/支,生产企业为尚科生物。
对比例3 乙酰东莨菪碱合成对比案例
不进行氮气保护和不加缚酸剂例:将东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.0g用50ml二氯甲烷溶解后,缓缓滴加含乙酰托品酰氯20.2g的二氯甲烷溶液,冷水冷却后,45±5℃回流反应约4h。经检测,得到乙酰东莨菪碱16.4g,得率51%。
进行氮气保护和加缚酸剂例:将东莨菪醇盐酸盐18.0g用50ml二氯甲烷溶解后,缓缓滴加含乙酰托品酰氯20.2g的二氯甲烷溶液,冷水冷却后,通入氮气,滴加二甲基甲酰胺约0.5ml,45±5℃回流反应约4h。经检测,得到乙酰东莨菪碱30.2g,得率93%。
可以看出,东莨菪醇盐酸盐与乙酰托品酰氯酯化反应合成乙酰东莨菪碱的反应中,进行氮气保护和添加缚酸剂对乙酰东莨菪碱合成收率具有显著提升。
Claims (5)
1.一种氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括如下步骤:
a、以氢溴酸樟柳碱为起始物料,经降解、分离纯化得到东莨菪醇盐酸盐;
b、东莨菪醇盐酸盐与乙酰托品酰氯酯化反应得到乙酰东莨菪碱;
c、乙酰东莨菪碱水解得消旋东莨菪碱,经成盐结晶得到消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐;
d、消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐经拆分纯化得到单一构型的氢溴酸东莨菪碱。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:a步骤所述的东莨菪醇盐酸盐的制备方法为:
取氢溴酸樟柳碱,加水溶解,加入23U/mg ES-PLE-126型酯水解酶50℃水解,水解液用质量百分比为15%碳酸钠溶液调节pH至8.5,用二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯或氯仿萃取,合并萃取液,减压浓缩除去萃取用有机溶剂,膏体加入无水乙醇溶解,滴加稀盐酸调节pH至2-4,2-10℃结晶,即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:b步骤所述乙酰东莨菪碱的制备方法为:
乙酰托品酸中加入密度为1.956g/ml,沸点为79℃的氯化亚砜,83±2℃回流反应,废气用氢氧化钠缓冲液瓶吸收;93±2℃减压浓缩回收过剩的氯化亚砜,得乙酰托品酰氯,再采用二氯甲烷溶解;将东莨菪醇盐酸盐用二氯甲烷溶解后,缓缓滴加乙酰托品酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,冷水冷却后,通入氮气,滴加二甲基甲酰胺,45±5℃回流反应,即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:c步骤所述的消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐的制备方法为:乙酰东莨菪碱反应液加入3mol/L盐酸萃取,分相,取上层水相,室温放置水解12h以上,得水解液;水解液调节pH至9.0,二氯甲烷1:1萃取,萃取液中加入无水硫酸钠,搅拌过滤,滤液减压除去二氯甲烷,加入6~8倍乙醇溶解,滴加氢溴酸至pH2-4,2-10℃结晶,过滤,晶体80℃干燥,得消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:d步骤所述的氢溴酸东莨菪碱的制备方法为:消旋东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐用异丙醇结晶,得氢溴酸东莨菪碱。
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