CN116729571A - Polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base and application method thereof - Google Patents
Polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116729571A CN116729571A CN202310850058.4A CN202310850058A CN116729571A CN 116729571 A CN116729571 A CN 116729571A CN 202310850058 A CN202310850058 A CN 202310850058A CN 116729571 A CN116729571 A CN 116729571A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/08—Ice-breakers or other vessels or floating structures for operation in ice-infested waters; Ice-breakers, or other vessels or floating structures having equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63B35/083—Ice-breakers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B45/00—Arrangements or adaptations of signalling or lighting devices
- B63B45/02—Arrangements or adaptations of signalling or lighting devices the devices being intended to illuminate the way ahead or other areas of environments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H5/00—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water
- B63H5/07—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers
- B63H5/08—Arrangements on vessels of propulsion elements directly acting on water of propellers of more than one propeller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B2021/003—Mooring or anchoring equipment, not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The application relates to an offshore drifting base for polar scientific investigation and rescue and a use method thereof, wherein the floating base comprises a floating structure with a spherical structure, an ice melting system is laid on the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure, an auxiliary ice making system is arranged on the outer wall surface of the floating structure above the ice melting system, and the auxiliary ice making system sprays water towards the joint of the floating structure and an ice layer; the front, the back, the left and the right of the floating structure are provided with a paddle rudder integrated power device, and the power device in a working state is positioned at the height of the ice layer and protrudes outwards relative to the floating structure; the upper part of the floating structure is provided with a searchlight system, and the searchlight system comprises a plurality of powerful searchlights which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction; more than four groups of floating ice mooring systems are arranged outwards at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the floating structure as the center; therefore, the ice floating device can freeze between the offshore drifting base and the stable floating ice, drifts along with the ice, provides a powerful guarantee base for polar region scientific investigation rescue work, can autonomously break ice and move, is green and energy-saving, and is flexible to use and good in practicality.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of polar scientific investigation equipment, in particular to an polar scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base and a use method thereof.
Background
The polar scientific investigation plays an important role in the research of the fields of regional ecological diversity, world climate change, polar resource exploration and the like, and meanwhile, the polar scientific investigation can promote the construction of 'silk road on ice'.
In the prior art, land-based workstations limit scientific rescue in critical areas of the relevant core. In addition, the polar region investigation ship in China is only a light icebreaker, the time for going to the polar region and the deep space are also limited, the capacity of breaking ice of the international heavy icebreaker is limited, a large amount of supply tasks are carried, most of the voyage time is on the road, the pure research time for actual polar region exploration is reserved, and the requirement of polar region scientific research can not be met far.
Therefore, the capability construction of examining new stations and new equipment in polar science is quickened, a continuous and long-term equipment and the application mode thereof are developed and designed, and the method has great significance in the polar scientific investigation and rescue process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the inventor provides the polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base with reasonable structure and the use method thereof, so that a powerful guarantee base is provided for polar region scientific investigation rescue work, and the polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base can autonomously break ice and move, is green and energy-saving, is flexible to use and has good practicability.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the offshore drifting base for polar scientific investigation rescue comprises a floating structure with a spherical structure, wherein an ice melting system is laid at the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure, an auxiliary ice forming system is arranged on the outer wall surface of the floating structure above the ice melting system, and the auxiliary ice forming system sprays water towards the joint of the floating structure and an ice layer; the front, the back, the left and the right of the floating structure are provided with a paddle rudder integrated power device, and the power device in a working state is positioned at the height of an ice layer and protrudes outwards relative to the floating structure; the upper part of the floating structure is provided with a searchlight system, and the searchlight system comprises a plurality of powerful searchlights which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the lower part of the floating structure is contacted with the ice layer at a lower pressing curve position, the bottom surface of the floating structure is of a planar structure, a detector system is assembled in the middle of the bottom surface of the floating structure, and the detector system is positioned on the inner side of the planar structure.
The floating structure is constructed by low-temperature high-strength steel, the ice melting system is arranged in the low-temperature steel on the outer surface of the floating structure, the ice melting system is positioned at the joint of the floating structure and the ice layer, and the ice melting system is arranged along the horizontal circumference of the floating structure; the ice melting system comprises a temperature adjusting layer and a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer isolates the temperature adjusting layer from the inner side of the floating structure, and heating wires are laid in the temperature adjusting layer.
The floating structure is characterized by further comprising more than four groups of floating ice mooring systems which are arranged outwards at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the floating structure as a center, wherein the structure of a single group of floating ice mooring systems is as follows: the device comprises a winch arranged on the upper wall surface of a floating structure, wherein a cable is connected to the winch, an ice plug is arranged at the other end of the cable through a lock catch, and the ice plug drills into an ice layer; the winch tightens the cable, which maintains pretension.
The floating structure is internally provided with a containing cabin for containing the power device, the power device moves out of the floating structure along the outside of the containing cabin, and the power device moves down to the working height along the floating structure.
The system also comprises an ice breaking system arranged on the upper wall surface of the floating structure, wherein the ice breaking system is a high-energy laser ice breaking device, and the ice breaking system emits a long-wave laser beam to the ice layer; the top surface of the floating structure is provided with a helicopter accommodating system and a new energy supply system, the helicopter accommodating system provides lifting and accommodating for a helicopter, and the new energy supply system is a vertical axis wind turbine generator.
The recovery device is used for recycling the waste heat generated by the generator, and the recovery device is used for heating the bottom plate by using the heat in the cooling water; the wall surface of the floating structure is provided with ventilation equipment with heat recovery, and the floating structure is provided with a double-layer heat insulation window.
The use method of the polar scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base comprises the steps of fixing the offshore drifting base and floating ice and removing the fixing process;
the fixing process with the floating ice comprises the following steps:
after the offshore drifting base is transported to a polar target sea area, starting a power device to cruise in the target sea area, and searching for target floating ice;
after the target floating ice is found, the power device works, and the offshore drifting base is enabled to travel to the central area of the target floating ice by combining the power device and the ice breaking work of the ice breaking system;
closing an ice breaking system and a power device, and when the offshore drifting base is frozen with the target floating ice, combining with the operation of the auxiliary icing system, increasing the icing quantity and the binding force;
drawing an ice plug in the floating ice mooring system onto ice by a snowmobile, fixedly embedding the ice plug into an ice layer at an anchor point position, and tightening a cable by a winch to maintain pretension;
finishing the fixation of the offshore drifting base and the target floating ice;
the process for releasing the floating ice comprises the following steps:
pulling out the ice plug inserted into the ice layer, and withdrawing the cable by a winch;
the ice melting system works to freeze and melt the floating base at sea and the target floating ice;
the power device works, and the ice breaking system is combined with the work of the ice breaking system to cruise in the sea area to search for the next target ice floes or drive out of the ice floes sea area.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the method for searching the target floating ice comprises the following steps:
step one: scanning by an X-band radar to obtain the distribution and crushing condition of sea ice around the offshore drifting base, and scanning the ice surface after flying off the ice surface by a helicopter suspension sonar equipment to obtain the spatial distribution of the sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melting ponds and cracks on floating ice;
step two: searching floating ice with the diameter larger than 3km and the average thickness larger than 1m, and scanning the floating ice by sonar equipment to ensure that the floating ice does not contain cracks penetrating through the whole ice layer;
step three: drilling the floating ice, measuring the actual ice thickness, and sampling to perform an ice mechanical property test;
step four: on the basis of meeting the requirements of the second step and the third step, the floating ice which is positioned in the upstream area of the ocean current and supports 1-2 years of drifting in the ice and space position is selected as the target floating ice.
When the ice layer is thinner, the power device is combined with the floating structure line type direct ice breaking navigation; when the ice layer is thicker, the propeller of the power device at the front of the running direction is adopted to cut and break the ice layer, and the ice breaking system is combined to break the ice layer, so that the offshore drifting base moves to the central area of the target floating ice.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the application can provide a powerful guarantee base for polar region scientific investigation and rescue work through freezing between the offshore drifting base and the stable floating ice along with ice drifting, and can greatly promote scientific investigation and rescue activities of scientific researchers in the polar region core region to develop the space activity capacity of large-scale and long-period scientific investigation and research, and the seawater drifting base can autonomously break ice and move, is green and energy-saving, is flexible to use and has good practicability;
the application also has the following advantages:
the shape of the spherical structure of the offshore drifting base can effectively bear sea ice extrusion, and the wind load effect is reduced;
the floating ice mooring system enables the offshore drifting base and the floating ice to be mutually fixed more tightly, so that the capacity of bearing ocean currents and storm winds is improved, and stable and reliable drifting along with the ice is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a state of mooring the offshore floating base of the present application on ice.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a state in which the marine floating base of the present application is transported by a barge.
Fig. 5 is a top view of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operational state of the offshore drifting base ice breaking system according to the present application.
Wherein: 1. a detector system; 2. an ice melting system; 3. a floating structure; 4. a power device; 5. an auxiliary icing system; 6. a searchlight system; 7. a new energy supply system; 8. a helicopter containment system; 9. an ice breaking system; 10. an ice plug; 11. a cable; 12. a winch; 13. a water layer; 14. an ice layer; 15. semi-submersible barges; 16. a laser beam.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an offshore drifting base for polar scientific investigation in this embodiment includes a floating structure 3 with a spherical structure, an ice melting system 2 is laid on the lower portion of the outer surface of the floating structure 3, an auxiliary ice system 5 is installed on the outer wall surface of the floating structure 3 above the ice melting system 2, and the auxiliary ice system 5 sprays water toward the junction of the floating structure 3 and an ice layer 14; the front, the back, the left and the right of the floating structure 3 are provided with a power device 4 with integrated paddles and rudders, and the power device 4 in an operating state is positioned at the height of the ice layer 14 and protrudes outwards relative to the floating structure 3; the upper part of the floating structure 3 is provided with a searchlight system 6, and the searchlight system 6 comprises a plurality of powerful searchlights which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction.
Through freezing between the offshore drifting base and the stable floating ice, the floating ice drifts along with the ice, a powerful guarantee base is provided for polar region scientific investigation rescue work, and scientific investigation rescue activities are carried out on the base.
In this embodiment, the auxiliary ice system 5 enhances the consolidation with the ice layer 14 by spraying water toward the floating structure 3 where it meets the ice layer 14, where the water freezes in natural cold conditions.
When the floating ice is needed to be fixed, the ice melting system 2 is not started to heat, and the auxiliary icing system 5 is used for sprinkling water at the junction to strengthen the solidification; when the consolidation is needed to be canceled, the ice melting system 2 is used for heating, and the floating ice consolidated around the ice melting system is quickly melted in a heat conduction mode.
The shape of the spherical structure of the offshore drifting base can effectively bear sea ice extrusion, and the wind load effect is reduced.
Typically, the floodlight system 6 consists of eight powerful floodlights, which are used at night, especially at night, to form a cone of light and alternately illuminate, providing illumination for persons working on ice.
The lower part of the floating structure 3 is in contact with the ice layer 14 in a downward pressing curve position, so that the pressure of sea ice can be effectively borne; the bottom surface of the floating structure 3 is a plane structure, and can be sat on the semi-submersible barge 15 during towing; the middle part of the bottom plane of the floating structure 3 is provided with a detector system 1, and the detector system 1 is positioned on the inner side of the plane structure.
The detector system 1 mainly comprises a multi-beam echo sounding device which is arranged at the bottom of the floating structure 3 and is used for measuring the water depth and the topography of the polar sea area of the drifting way and providing a data base for the possible polar channel development in the future.
The floating structure 3 is constructed by low-temperature high-strength steel, the ice melting system 2 is arranged in the low-temperature steel on the outer surface of the floating structure 3, the ice melting system 2 is positioned at the joint of the floating structure 3 and the ice layer 14, and the ice melting system 2 is arranged along the horizontal circumference of the floating structure 3; the ice melting system 2 comprises a temperature adjusting layer and a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer separates the temperature adjusting layer from the inner side of the floating structure 3, and heating wires are laid in the temperature adjusting layer.
In the embodiment, the electric heating wires are uniformly distributed, and the positions follow the design distribution of the structural ribs of the floating structure 3; of course, the heating wires may be arranged horizontally and circumferentially along the floating structure 3, so that the ice can be melted simultaneously from the circumferential direction by heat generation of the heating wires at the time of ice melting.
The floating structure 3 is taken as a center, more than four groups of floating ice mooring systems are arranged outwards along the circumferential interval, and as shown in fig. 3, the structure of the single group of floating ice mooring systems is as follows: the device comprises a winch 12 arranged on the upper wall surface of the floating structure 3, wherein a cable 11 is connected to the winch 12, an ice plug 10 is arranged at the other end of the cable 11 through a lock catch, and the ice plug 10 drills into an ice layer 14; winch 12 tightens cable 11, cable 11 remaining pretensioned.
When in use, the ice plug 10 is rotated to be driven into a thicker position of an ice ridge or an ice layer 14 with a stronger structure, and then the cable 11 is tightened by the winch 12, so that a certain pretension is maintained; six groups of floating ice mooring systems are typically evenly positioned circumferentially around the offshore floating base, with the six groups of lines 11 simultaneously being tightened to secure the floating structure 3.
The floating ice mooring system enables the offshore drifting base and the floating ice to be mutually fixed more tightly and float on the water layer 13 together, effectively improves the capacity of the offshore drifting base for bearing ocean currents and storm winds, and achieves stable and reliable drifting along with the ice.
The floating structure 3 is internally provided with a holding cabin for holding the power device 4, the power device 4 extends out of the floating structure 3 along the outside of the holding cabin, and the power device 4 moves down to the working height along the floating structure 3.
The device also comprises an ice breaking system 9 arranged on the upper wall surface of the floating structure 3, wherein the ice breaking system 9 is a high-energy laser ice breaking device, the ice breaking system 9 emits a long-wave laser beam 16 towards the ice layer 14, and the long-wave laser beam 16 overcomes the reflection effect of the ice surface and can break through the ice layer with the thickness of 3m, so that a channel is opened for the floating structure 3 to move in the floating ice.
The top surface of the floating structure 3 is provided with a helicopter accommodating system 8 and a new energy supply system 7, the helicopter accommodating system 8 provides lifting and accommodating for a helicopter, and the new energy supply system 7 is a vertical axis wind turbine generator, so that the strong polar air flow of the ocean in the final year can be fully utilized to supply electric energy for a drifting base, and the blades have the electric heating deicing function so as to use the humid and cold climatic characteristics of the polar region.
The recovery device is used for recycling the waste heat generated by the generator, and the recovery device is used for heating the bottom plate by using the heat in the cooling water; the wall surface of the floating structure 3 is provided with ventilation equipment with heat recovery, so that the ventilation energy consumption of a base is greatly reduced, and the floating structure 3 is provided with a double-layer heat insulation window.
In this embodiment, the power unit 4 is a full-swing nacelle, the propeller and rudder are integrated, and the power unit is released from the floating structure 3 when in use and retracted when not in use. The power device 4 can collide with the floating ice and cut and suck ice layers with certain thickness, so that the effect of breaking the ice and sailing is achieved.
In the embodiment, the floating ice is frozen by the stable floating ice on the upstream of the ocean drift base and the polar current, and the floating ice is further fixed by the floating ice anchoring system, so that the energy consumption in the whole system drifting process is low, the method is economical and feasible, the method is suitable for the function of the ocean drift base in the polar region scientific investigation rescue, and a powerful drifting guarantee base is provided for the polar region scientific investigation rescue work of the North ice.
The offshore drifting base has the advantage of adapting to extremely severe environments, and is mainly characterized in three aspects: 1. the extremely cold weather resistance, the totally-enclosed design and the heat preservation and heating measures ensure the safety of equipment and personnel, and a safe and comfortable environment is provided; 2. the spherical column-shaped reinforcing structure constructed by the low-temperature high-strength steel can bear the pressure of sea ice effectively in a shape of a downward curve of a sea ice acting surface; 3. the circular exposed surface can reduce wind load effect under the action of ocean currents and wind exposure, and the floating platform can be firmly fixed on the floating ice by combining the floating ice mooring system.
The offshore drifting base has the characteristics of small disturbance to floating ice, and is environmentally friendly and suitable for scientific investigation. The power device 4 is integrated with the paddle rudder, has the ice breaking function, cuts and sucks an ice layer with a certain thickness, and has small damage to the whole floating ice system compared with a stamped ice breaking mode, and the ice breaking system 9 is a local ice breaking mode, so that the influence on the mechanical property of the whole floating ice is small, and the floating ice is quiet and noiseless, and the influence on the target scientific investigation environment of a drifting base in the moving process is reduced to the greatest extent.
The offshore drifting base has the characteristics of green and energy conservation: on one hand, a vertical axis wind turbine generator is adopted, so that the strong polar air flow of the North icebergs in the whole year is fully utilized to supply power and heat for the drifting base; on the other hand, the heat preservation performance of the structure is improved, the heat consumption of heating is reduced, and a double-layer heat preservation window is arranged. The waste heat generated by the generator is recycled by the recycling device, and the heat in the cooling water is used for floor heating. In addition, the mechanical ventilation equipment with the heat recovery device is used, so that the ventilation energy consumption of the whole floating base is greatly reduced.
The use method of the polar scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base comprises the steps of fixing the offshore drifting base and floating ice and removing the fixing;
the fixing process with the floating ice comprises the following steps:
the first step: after the offshore drifting base is transported to a polar target sea area, starting the power device 4 to swim in the target sea area, and searching for target floating ice;
the target floating ice at least needs to meet the requirements on size and strength, and the method for searching the target floating ice comprises the following steps:
step one: scanning by an X-band radar to obtain the distribution and crushing condition of sea ice around the offshore drifting base, and scanning the ice surface after flying off the ice surface by a helicopter suspension sonar equipment to obtain the spatial distribution of the sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melting ponds and cracks on floating ice;
step two: searching floating ice with the diameter larger than 3km and the average thickness larger than 1m, wherein the floating ice is scanned by sonar equipment and does not contain cracks penetrating through the whole ice layer 14;
step three: drilling the floating ice, measuring the actual ice thickness, and sampling to perform an ice mechanical property test; preferably, the drifting is performed on the floating ice blocks with high strength for many years;
step four: on the basis of meeting the requirements of the second step and the third step, the floating ice which is positioned in the upstream area of the ocean current and supports 1-2 years of drifting in the ice and space position is selected as the target floating ice.
And a second step of: after the target floating ice is found, the power device 4 works, and the offshore drifting base is enabled to travel to the central area of the target floating ice by combining the ice breaking work of the power device 4 and the ice breaking system 9;
when the ice layer 14 is thinner, the power device 4 is combined with the floating structure 3 to directly break ice and navigate; when the ice layer 14 is thick, the propeller of the power device 4 at the front in the running direction is adopted to cut the ice layer 14 for breaking ice, and the ice layer 14 is broken by combining the ice breaking system 9, so that the offshore drifting base moves to the central area of the target floating ice.
And a third step of: closing the ice breaking system 9 and the power device 4, and freezing the offshore drifting base and the target floating ice, and combining the work of the auxiliary icing system 5 to increase the ice formation amount and the binding force; and the ice channels with specific shapes can be bonded according to the upper and lower floating ice demands of people;
fourth step: drawing the ice plug 10 in the floating ice mooring system onto ice by a snowmobile, fixedly embedding the ice plug 10 into the ice layer 14 at the anchoring point position, and tightening the cable 11 by the winch 12 to maintain pretension;
the fixation of the offshore drifting base and the target floating ice is completed, and the following ice drifting course is followed.
The new energy supply system 7 is deployed to supply electric energy to the drifting base. Researchers have developed studies of problems such as high altitude, ocean, atmosphere, glacier, ecology, geology, geodetic survey around offshore drifting bases, including investigation of interactions between ocean, sea ice and atmosphere, influence of ecosystems and exchange of gases and heat. The natural phenomena occurring in the water body such as submarine topography, ocean current profile, temperature, salinity, nutrient substances, turbulence and the like are measured by the detector system 1 and other portable mobile devices, and the rules and mechanisms of ocean currents and various phenomena occurring in the water forming the sea ice surface layer are researched.
Personnel can leave the offshore drifting base in a certain range, related researches are carried out on the reachable floating ice and water areas in a helicopter, snowmobile, sledge, boat or even walking mode, and the people need to pay attention to preventing ice cracks or polar bear attacks in the advancing process so as to ensure the safety of the personnel; in the research process, high and new technologies under high and cold environments, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, deep submarines, polar remote sensing satellites, ultra-deep drilling machines and the like are adopted. The floating structure 3 stores enough food and fuel and carries the relevant scientific equipment, all personnel's clothing and eating activities are deployed around the offshore floating base.
When the ice breaker needs to be replenished, the ice breaker can transport related materials to the surrounding area of the target ice flocs, berth and unload the ice breaker at a distance which does not affect scientific investigation, and the ice breaker can be driven away after transportation and partial personnel rotation are completed. In the whole process of drifting, the pose state of the offshore drifting base is concerned at all times, and particularly the tension on the floating ice mooring system is adjusted in time during and after each storm snow.
After the offshore drifting base and the floating ice drift together for several months, the floating ice will change under the action of air temperature, ocean currents, storm winds, lunar attraction and the like, and once the floating ice breaks, the risk exists that the mooring ropes are stretched too tightly and even the drifting base overturns, and the position of the ice plugs 10 in the mooring system is adjusted. Generally, under the extrusion action of the floating ice, the floating ice is crushed downwards due to the linear compression of the floating structure 3, but sometimes the posture of the drifting base is changed by combining with the bonding action of sea ice and the like, at this time, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is started, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is closed after the surrounding floating ice is melted and the posture of the drifting base is restored, the natural bonding of the floating ice-sea water-drifting base is waited, the bonding force is increased by spraying water by combining with the auxiliary icing system 5, and the floating ice mooring system also needs to adjust the corresponding pretension and even the anchoring position.
If larger ice is detected or the ice ridge presses the existing floating ice, the safety of the offshore drifting base is gradually threatened, at the moment, all personnel and equipment are required to be recalled into the drifting base, the new energy supply system 7 is recovered, the ice plug 10 on the floating ice mooring system is pulled out, the cable 11 and the ice plug 10 are retracted through the winch 12, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is opened, and the power device 4 is released to drive the offshore drifting base to transfer positions.
The process of unsecuring the offshore drift base from the floating ice comprises the steps of:
pulling out the ice plug 10 inserted into the ice layer 14, and withdrawing the cable 11 by the winch 12;
the ice melting system 2 works to freeze and melt the floating base at sea and the target floating ice;
the power device 4 works, and in combination with the ice breaking system 9, to swim in the sea area to find the next target ice float or to drive off the ice float sea area.
The ice breaking sailing operation mode is as follows:
the continuous icebreaking method is used when the ice layer 14 is thin. The power device 4 at the stern is released from the inside of the drifting base to output the hull of the floating structure 3, then the power device 4 is operated to the water along the arc-shaped track on the surface of the floating structure 3 to push the drifting base to advance, and the ice layer 14 is broken and crashed directly by utilizing the thrust of the propeller and the lower line pressing type of the drifting base at a certain navigational speed;
when the ice layer is thicker, the collision ice breaking method is adopted. Reversing the drift base about two coxswain distances and then accelerating forward, the body will strike the ice to crush the ice layer 14, which is a great environmental disturbance, and which is not used for ideal floating ice. The two power devices 4 releasing the bow part from the interior of the drifting base are used for discharging the boat body, the screw propeller is used for cutting the ice layer to break ice, the ice layer is broken and changed in a limited range, and the propulsion power is combined for continuous advancing. The full-rotation power device 4 can enable the floating structure 3 to advance along any direction and break ice, so that the risk of being trapped is reduced.
As shown in fig. 6, the ice breaking system 9 uses high-energy laser to act on the surface of ice cubes in the advancing direction, energy is rapidly transmitted to the inside of the ice cubes along the direction of laser transmission, the ice cubes are cut to break ice, and the whole process is low in noise and high in efficiency, meets the environmental protection requirement of polar scientific investigation, and has small interference to scientific investigation equipment, and the mode is used for going to the central stable area of the target floating ice.
After approximately one to two years of drifting, the offshore drifting base straddles the sea area along with the floating ice, moves to the other side along with the ocean current, the floating ice gradually decreases, the power device 4 is started, the drifting base zone is in power navigation, and the ocean current base zone is moved to the confluent sea area to wait for the transportation ship to tow.
A towing schematic of an offshore drift base is shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The starting time is as follows: the offshore floating base is transported by wet towing and the transport means is a semi-submersible barge 15. The semi-submersible barge 15 is added with ballast water and submerged, a small tug carried by the barge drags the offshore drifting base above the semi-submersible barge 15, the semi-submersible barge 15 reduces the ballast water and floats upwards, and the offshore drifting base is bottomed on the sleepers uniformly arranged on the semi-submersible barge 15. Four cables 11 in the floating ice mooring system are tied up at the heads and the tails of the semi-submersible barge 15, and are pulled tightly by a winch 12, so that the offshore drifting base is firmly fixed on the semi-submersible barge 15. The semi-submersible barge 15 is driven to the polar region, and after the semi-submersible barge begins to encounter floating ice, a calm sea condition selector is found to release the offshore drifting base. The floating ice mooring system is released first, then the semi-submersible barge 15 is submerged, the offshore drifting base is self-floating, the power plant 4 is released, and the floating ice is driven in. The semi-submersible barge 15 floats up and returns.
Recovery time: after about one year, the semi-submersible barge 15 and the offshore floating base are brought together, the semi-submersible barge 15 is ballasted and submerged, a small tug carried by the barge pulls the offshore floating base above the semi-submersible barge 15, the semi-submersible barge 15 reduces ballasting and floating, and the offshore floating base seats on evenly arranged sleepers on the semi-submersible barge 15. The mooring ropes 11 in the floating ice mooring system are tied at the bow and stern of the semi-submersible barge 15, and the offshore drifting base is firmly fixed on the semi-submersible barge 15 by being pulled tightly by the winch 12. The semi-submersible barge 15 travels off-polar, back to the near-harbor releasing the off-shore drift base. The floating ice mooring system is released first, then the semi-submersible barge 15 is submerged, the offshore drifting base is self-floating, and the small tug drags the offshore drifting base into a port or into a dock, and the semi-submersible barge 15 is floated up and driven off.
The application provides a powerful guarantee base for the polar region scientific investigation rescue work, greatly improves the space activity capability of scientific researchers penetrating into the polar region core region to carry out large-scale and long-period scientific investigation and research, and the seawater drifting base can autonomously break ice and move, is green and energy-saving, and has flexible use and good practicability.
The above description is intended to illustrate the application and not to limit it, the scope of which is defined by the claims, and any modifications can be made within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base which characterized in that: the ice melting system (2) is laid on the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure (3), the auxiliary ice forming system (5) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the floating structure (3) above the ice melting system (2), and the auxiliary ice forming system (5) sprays water towards the joint of the floating structure (3) and the ice layer (14); the front, the back, the left and the right of the floating structure (3) are respectively provided with a paddle rudder integrated power device (4), and the power device (4) in a working state is positioned at the height of the ice layer (14) and protrudes outwards relative to the floating structure (3); the upper part of the floating structure (3) is provided with a searchlight system (6), and the searchlight system (6) comprises a plurality of powerful searchlights which are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction.
2. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the floating structure (3) is in contact with the ice layer (14), the bottom surface of the floating structure (3) is of a plane structure, the middle part of the bottom plane of the floating structure (3) is provided with a detector system (1), and the detector system (1) is positioned at the inner side of the plane structure.
3. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the floating structure (3) is constructed by low-temperature high-strength steel, the ice melting system (2) is arranged in the low-temperature steel on the outer surface of the floating structure (3), the ice melting system (2) is positioned at the joint of the floating structure (3) and the ice layer (14), and the ice melting system (2) is arranged along the horizontal circumference of the floating structure (3); the ice melting system (2) comprises a temperature adjusting layer and a heat insulating layer, wherein the heat insulating layer isolates the temperature adjusting layer from the inner side of the floating structure (3), and heating wires are laid in the temperature adjusting layer.
4. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the floating structure is characterized by further comprising more than four groups of floating ice mooring systems which are arranged outwards at intervals along the circumferential direction by taking the floating structure (3) as a center, wherein the structure of a single group of floating ice mooring systems is as follows: the device comprises a winch (12) arranged on the wall surface of the upper part of a floating structure (3), wherein a cable (11) is connected to the winch (12), an ice plug (10) is arranged at the other end of the cable (11) through a lock catch, and the ice plug (10) drills into an ice layer (14); the winch (12) tightens the cable (11), the cable (11) being kept pretensioned.
5. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the floating structure (3) is internally provided with a containing cabin for containing the power device (4), the power device (4) moves out of the floating structure (3) along the containing cabin, and the power device (4) moves down to the working height along the floating structure (3).
6. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an ice breaking system (9) arranged on the upper wall surface of the floating structure (3), wherein the ice breaking system (9) is a high-energy laser ice breaking device, and the ice breaking system (9) emits a long-wave laser beam (16) towards the ice layer (14); the top surface of the floating structure (3) is provided with a helicopter accommodating system (8) and a new energy supply system (7), the helicopter accommodating system (8) provides lifting and accommodating for a helicopter, and the new energy supply system (7) is a vertical axis wind turbine generator.
7. The polar scientific rescue marine drifting base of claim 6, wherein: the recovery device is used for recycling the waste heat generated by the generator, and the recovery device is used for heating the bottom plate by using the heat in the cooling water; the wall surface of the floating structure (3) is provided with ventilation equipment with heat recovery, and the floating structure (3) is provided with a double-layer heat preservation window.
8. A method of using the polar scientific rescue offshore drifting base of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises a fixing process and a releasing process of the offshore drifting base and floating ice;
the fixing process with the floating ice comprises the following steps:
after the offshore drifting base is transported to a polar target sea area, starting a power device (4) to swim in the target sea area, and searching for target floating ice;
after the target floating ice is found, the power device (4) works, and the offshore drifting base is enabled to travel to the central area of the target floating ice by combining the power device (4) and the ice breaking work of the ice breaking system (9);
closing an ice breaking system (9) and a power device (4), freezing the offshore drifting base and the target floating ice, and combining the work of an auxiliary icing system (5) to increase the ice formation amount and the binding force;
drawing an ice plug (10) in the floating ice mooring system onto ice by a snowmobile, fixedly embedding the ice plug (10) into an ice layer (14) at an anchor point position, and tightening a cable (11) by a winch (12) to maintain pretension;
finishing the fixation of the offshore drifting base and the target floating ice;
the process for releasing the floating ice comprises the following steps:
pulling out an ice plug (10) inserted into an ice layer (14), and withdrawing a cable (11) by a winch (12);
the ice melting system (2) works to freeze and melt the floating base at sea and the target floating ice;
the power device (4) works, and in combination with the work of the ice breaking system (9), the ice breaker can travel in the sea area to search for the next target floating ice or travel away from the floating ice sea area.
9. The method for using the polar scientific rescue offshore drifting base according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for searching the target floating ice comprises the following steps:
step one: scanning by an X-band radar to obtain the distribution and crushing condition of sea ice around the offshore drifting base, and scanning the ice surface after flying off the ice surface by a helicopter suspension sonar equipment to obtain the spatial distribution of the sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melting ponds and cracks on floating ice;
step two: searching floating ice with the diameter larger than 3km and the average thickness larger than 1m, wherein the floating ice is scanned by sonar equipment and does not contain cracks penetrating through the whole ice layer (14);
step three: drilling the floating ice, measuring the actual ice thickness, and sampling to perform an ice mechanical property test;
step four: on the basis of meeting the requirements of the second step and the third step, the floating ice which is positioned in the upstream area of the ocean current and supports 1-2 years of drifting in the ice and space position is selected as the target floating ice.
10. The method for using the polar scientific rescue offshore drifting base according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the ice layer (14) is thinner, the power device (4) is combined with the floating structure (3) to directly break ice in a linear way for sailing; when the ice layer (14) is thicker, the propeller of the power device (4) at the front of the running direction is adopted to cut the ice layer (14) to break ice, and the ice breaking system (9) is combined to break the ice layer (14) so that the offshore drifting base moves to the central area of the target floating ice.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310850058.4A CN116729571A (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base and application method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310850058.4A CN116729571A (en) | 2023-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Polar region scientific investigation rescue offshore drifting base and application method thereof |
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| CN116729571A true CN116729571A (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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