CN116712618A - 包覆固定剂 - Google Patents
包覆固定剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116712618A CN116712618A CN202310685797.2A CN202310685797A CN116712618A CN 116712618 A CN116712618 A CN 116712618A CN 202310685797 A CN202310685797 A CN 202310685797A CN 116712618 A CN116712618 A CN 116712618A
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- CN
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- Prior art keywords
- alginate
- tissue
- human
- coating
- graft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
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Abstract
提供一种用于将细胞或组织移植到脏器、肠系膜或腹膜等的表面的包覆固定剂。一种用于包覆固定移植物的含藻酸盐的制剂。一种组合了含藻酸盐的制剂和二价以上金属盐的用于包覆固定移植物的制剂试剂盒。一种移植物的移植方法,其包括将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,并用藻酸盐包覆移植物。
Description
本申请是国际申请号PCT/JP2020/011144,国际申请日2020年3月13日,中国申请号202080020657.8,发明名称为“包覆固定剂”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及包覆固定剂。
背景技术
迄今为止,对于脏器衰竭的根治性的治疗方法是脏器移植。作为针对肝功能衰竭的根治疗法,可列举肝移植。肝移植是移植到接受者被摘除的肝脏的相同位置,并使门静脉、肝动脉、肝静脉、胆管吻合。为弥补肝移植供者的绝对性短缺而开发的肝细胞移植和间充质干细胞移植通过门静脉或外周静脉施用细胞(非专利文献1和2)。
现有技术文献
非专利文献
非专利文1:Treatment of the Crigler-Najjar syndrome type Iwithhepatocyte transplantation.Fox IJ,Chowdhury JR,Kaufman SS,Goertzen TC,Chowdhury NR,Warkentin PI,Dorko K,Sauter BV,Strom SC.N Engl J Med.1998May 14;338(20):1422-6.
非专利文献2:Clinical Hepatocyte Transplantation:What is Next?SquiresJE,Soltys KA,McKiernan P,Squires RH,Strom SC,Fox IJ,Soto-Gutierrez A.CurrTransplant Rep.2017Dec;4(4):280-289.
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
作为一种全新的移植法,本发明人设计出剥离以肝脏为首的实体脏器的被膜,直接粘贴组织的方法。以前,作为在腹腔内可包覆的制剂,可列举用于预防粘连性肠梗阻的氧化纤维素和透明质酸。另外,出于预防从肝切除面发生胆漏和再出血的目的,会使用纤维蛋白胶,但这些制剂无法作为用于在脏器表面进行组织移植的包覆固定剂使用。
至今为止,面向脏器表面移植组织的包覆固定剂尚未得到开发。在将组织粘贴到以肝脏为首的脏器表面时,要达成的项目包括如下等:
1.对移植组织的侵袭性低;
2.可以使移植组织长期存活;
3.有助于移植组织的生长促进和成熟,而现有技术无法解决这些课题。
本发明的目的在于,提供一种包覆固定剂,其用于将细胞或组织移植到脏器、肠系膜或腹膜等的表面。
解决问题的方法
本发明人通过在藻酸钠中添加Ca离子而使之凝胶化,以此物质作为敷料使用,在将细胞和组织移植到脏器表面,之后使之存活方面取得成功,从而完成了本发明。另外,通过在藻酸钠中添加生长因子,移植组织的生长得到促进。
本发明的要点如下。
(1)一种用于包覆固定移植物的制剂,其中含藻酸盐。
(2)根据(1)所述的制剂,其中藻酸盐是选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾,藻酸钙和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种。
(3)根据(1)所述的制剂,其中制剂是含有选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,使用时,通过添加二价以上的金属离子而使藻酸盐凝胶化。
(4)根据(3)所述的制剂,其中二价以上的金属离子是钙离子。
(5)根据(1)~(4)中任一项所述的制剂,其中还包含生长因子。
(6)根据(5)所述的制剂,其中生长因子是选自由EGF,TGFβ,bFGF,IGF1,EGF,PDGF,NGF,HGF,VEGF和S1P组成的组中的至少一种。
(7)根据(1)~(6)中任一项所述的制剂,其中移植物是细胞,细胞聚集体,组织或其组合。
(8)根据(1)~(7)中任一项所述的制剂,其用于将移植物包覆固定在脏器和/或组织的表面。
(9)根据(1)~(8)中任一项所述的制剂,其特征在于,将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,向移植物滴加含藻酸盐水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化,包覆移植物。
(10)根据(9)所述的制剂,其中移植部位是剥离了覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜的部位。
(11)一种用于包覆固定移植物的制剂试剂盒,其中组合了含藻酸盐的制剂和二价以上金属盐。
(12)一种移植物的移植方法,其包括将移植物移植至人或非人动物的移植部位,并用藻酸盐包覆移植物。
(13)根据(12)所述的移植方法,其中将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,向移植物滴加包含选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化,包覆移植物。
(14)根据(12)或(13)所述的移植物的移植方法,其中移植部位是剥离了覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜的部位。
发明的效果
根据本发明能够将移植物移植到组织和/或脏器的表面。
本说明书中包括作为本申请优先仅的基础的日本专利申请2019-53047的说明书和/或附图所描述的内容。
附图说明
[图1](a)将DPPIV+大鼠胎肝组织移植到DPPIV-大鼠肝硬化模型的肝脏表面,使用各种制剂(藻酸钠,纤维蛋白,氧化纤维素,透明质酸钠)进行包覆固定。显示移植2周后的存活组织。上排:分割面的肉眼图像。下排:DPPIV染色组织图像。(b)对肝硬化模型的肝表面移植胎肝组织,使用各种制剂(藻酸钠,纤维蛋白,氧化纤维素,透明质酸钠)进行包覆固定,显示在此2周后的组织存活率。(c)对肝硬化模型的肝表面移植胎肝组织,使用各种制剂(藻酸钠,纤维蛋白,氧化纤维素,透明质酸钠)进行包覆固定,显示在此2周后的存活组织的最大分割面的截面积。由藻酸钠包覆固定的群体与其他群体相比,可见到显著的生长促进效果。*p<0.05vs藻酸钠群体。(d)显示对存活组织的冷冻组织进行了免疫染色的组织图像。在由藻酸钠包覆胎儿组织的群体中,CD31阳性的血管结构清晰可辨,确认到SE-1阳性的血窦结构和HNF4α阳性的肝细胞。(e)显示CD31阳性区域的比例。藻酸钠群体与其他3个群体比较,呈现CD31阳性区域高的趋势。(f)显示HNF4α阳性区域的比例。在藻酸钠群体和透明质酸钠群体中,呈现HNF4α阳性的肝细胞多的趋势。
[图2](a)将DPPIV+大鼠胎肝组织移植到DPPIV-大鼠肝硬化模型的肝脏表面,使用藻酸钠进行包覆固定。显示移植3周后的存活组织。左:HE染色。右:DPPIV染色。(b)将DPPIV+大鼠胎肝组织移植到DPPIV-大鼠肝硬化模型的肝脏表面,使用藻酸钠进行包覆固定,显示移植后3周的生存率。移植(TP)群体与非移植(假移植(sham))群体比较,生存率显著改善。(c)显示由移植引起的各种血液生化数据。PLT:血小板,PT:凝血酶原时间,AST:天冬氨酸氨基转移酶,ALT:丙氨酸氨基转移酶,ALB:白蛋白,NH3:氨,T-Bil:总胆红素。*p<0.05vs非移植(假移植(sham))群体。
[图3](a)在藻酸钠与氯化钙反应的凝胶中混合人EGF,研究人EGF对上清液(PBS)的缓释作用。低粘度藻酸钠持续显示人EGF的缓释作用。(b)将DPPIV+大鼠胎肝组织移植到DPPIV-大鼠肝硬化模型的肝脏表面,观察2周后的组织存活。单独由低粘度藻酸钠和低粘度藻酸钠+生长因子(bFGF,EGF,NGF,TGFβ,PDGF)对胎肝组织进行包覆固定,对其实施比较研究。显示移植2周后的存活组织。在添加有生长因子的群体中,可见存活组织的生长促进效果。(c)将人iPS细胞培养的肝芽移植到免疫缺陷大鼠肝硬化模型的肝表面,确认到存活。显示肉眼所见,HE染色,人白蛋白免疫染色图像。
[图4](a)使用藻酸钠,将人iPS细胞培养的肝芽移植到免疫缺陷大鼠重症肝硬化模型的肝表面,在实施22例中可确认植入到肝脏表面,未见向肝脏以外的其他脏器转移。显示肉眼所见,HE染色,肝细胞(人白蛋白),胆管(人CK19)免疫染色图像。(b)使用藻酸钠,将4片和8片人iPS细胞培养的肝芽(每1片相当于1x10^6个肝细胞)移植到免疫缺陷大鼠重症肝硬化模型的肝表面,研究生存率改善效果。通过移植8片人iPS细胞培养的肝芽,可确认到显著的生存率改善效果。显示对于重症肝硬化模型移植人iPS细胞培养的肝芽2周后的血液生化数据。通过人iPS细胞培养的肝芽移植,确认到白蛋白,直接胆红素,AST有显著的改善。
具体实施方式
以下,详细地说明本发明。
本发明提供一种用于包覆固定移植物的制剂,其中含藻酸盐。
藻酸盐可以例示藻酸钠、藻酸钾、藻酸铵等藻酸的一价金属盐,藻酸钙等藻酸的二价金属盐,其中,优选藻酸的一价金属盐,更优选藻酸钠。另外,藻酸盐不仅可以是一种,也可以是两种以上的组合。
藻酸是褐藻类的藻体所含的高分子多糖类,D-甘露糖醛酸(M)和L-古罗糖醛酸(G)这两种的糖醛酸以直链状聚合的聚合物。D-甘露糖醛酸与L-古罗糖醛酸的构成比例(M/G比)根据来源的海藻种类而有所不同,另外,即使是相同的物种,也会因生活环境和季节而不同。藻酸盐是藻酸的羧基与金属离子或铵离子结合形态的中性盐。藻酸不溶于水,但藻酸钠、藻酸钾、藻酸铵等藻酸的一价金属盐可溶于冷水,温水,成为粘稠的水溶液。若在藻酸钠、藻酸钾、藻酸铵等藻酸的一价金属盐的水溶液中添加二价以上的金属离子(例如,钙离子),则瞬间发生离子交联,引起凝胶化。在与二价以上的金属离子的交联反应中,主要参与的是藻酸的L-古罗糖醛酸(G),在G的比率高的藻酸中,与二价以上的金属离子的反应快,形成的凝胶硬,具有脆弱的性质。
如果制剂是包含选自由藻酸钠、藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,则使用时通过添加二价以上的金属离子而使藻酸盐凝胶化即可。通过凝胶化可形成被膜,从而具有长期的组织固定力。二价以上的金属离子可以例示镁离子,钙离子,锶离子,钡离子等,但优选钙离子。
二价以上的金属离子的水溶液可以例示氯化钙,氯化镁,硫酸钙,氯化钡,氯化锶等金属盐的水溶液。
藻酸的一价金属盐(例如,藻酸钠,藻酸钾,藻酸铵等)与二价以上的金属离子(例如,钙离子)之比,优选在0.1~4.0%藻酸钠溶液中,有1mM~500mM氯化钙,更优选在0.3~3.0%藻酸钠溶液中,有5mM~300mM氯化钙。
本发明的制剂也可以与二价以上金属盐(例如,氯化钙,氯化镁,硫酸钙,氯化钡,氯化锶等)组合作为试剂盒。
试剂盒中还可以包括:用于制备本发明的制剂或二价以上金属盐溶液的溶剂(例如,纯净水,蒸馏水,离子交换水,MilliQ水,生理盐水,磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水等);用于将本发明的制剂或二价以上金属盐溶液滴加到移植部位的器具(注射器和针头,硅等模具(移植操作时暂时包围移植组织,使藻酸或氯化钙不会飞散到周围,在包覆固定后拆除)等);使用说明书等。
藻酸的一价金属盐可以是低粘度(20~100mPa·s),中粘度(100~200mPa·s),高粘度(400~600mPa·s)的任意一种粘度,但优选低粘度的。如后述的实施例所示,通过在低粘度的藻酸钠中添加生长因子而可见生长因子的缓释作用。使用添加有生长因子的低粘度藻酸钠包覆固定存活组织时,促进了生长。
藻酸的一价金属盐的M/G比为1.0~1.6左右即可。
藻酸水溶液的粘度,例如,能够使用旋转粘度测量仪(锥板型)等,以公知的方法测量。公知的方法,例如是第16修正版日本药典通用检测法粘度测量法(圆锥-平板型旋转粘度计)。依据第16修正版日本药典通用检测粘度测量法,藻酸的一价金属盐的粘度能够以进行如下粘度测量时的表观粘度表示,即,将藻酸的一价金属盐溶解于MilliQ水,作为1w/w%浓度的溶液,使用锥板型粘度计,在测量温度为20℃,锥板型粘度计的转速为1rpm,读取时间为2分钟,并计算开始1分钟至2分钟的平均值这样的条件下而进行的粘度测量。
本发明的制剂也可以进一步有生长因子。生长因子可以是EGF,TGFβ,bFGF,IGF1,EGF,PDGF,NGF,HGF,VEGF,S1P或其组合。
在生物体内使用的医疗材料,优选其内毒素低于传统的藻酸钠(藻酸Na)。作为商业医疗药品(口服剂)和创伤敷料基材的藻酸Na,以未经过低内毒素处理的藻酸盐为原料(通常内毒素含量为数万~十数万EU(内毒素单位)/g)。优选将此大量含有内毒素的天然来源的原材,改良为能够在生物体内更安全使用的原料。低内毒素处理能够通过清洗,由过滤器过滤,超滤,使用吸附柱的纯化,向树脂或活性炭吸附,有机溶剂处理,表面活性剂处理等的公知的方法或以此为标准的方法进行。内毒素水平能够通过用鲎试剂的方法,用Toxinometer(内毒素检测仪)的方法等公知的方法进行测量。
本发明的制剂中所含有的藻酸盐的低内毒素处理方法没有特别限定,以鲎试剂进行内毒素测量时,内毒素含量为500EU/g以下即可,优选为50EU/g以下,更优选为30EU/g以下。作为经过了低内毒素处理的藻酸钠,可以获取市场在售的有Sea Matrix(注册商标)(持田制药株式会社)等。
本发明的制剂可以是液剂、粉末、颗粒等任意剂型。液剂的情况下,溶剂是医药上允许的溶剂即可,例如,可以例示纯净水,蒸馏水,离子交换水,MilliQ水,生理盐水,磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水等。优选这些溶剂已经过低内毒素处理。制剂是液剂时,制剂中的藻酸盐的浓度为0.001~10w/w%即可,优选为0.005~8w/w%,更优选为0.01~5.0w/w%。本发明的制剂是粉末、颗粒时,也可以添加赋形剂,粘合剂,崩解剂等。制剂是粉末、颗粒时,制剂中的藻酸盐的浓度为0.1~100w/w%即可,优选为1~80w/w%,更优选为10~50w/w%。制剂是粉末、颗粒时,使用时加入水等的溶剂,作为溶液使用即可。
在本发明的制剂中也可以添加助溶剂,增溶剂,乳化剂,分散剂,抗氧化剂,防腐剂,遮光剂等在医药上允许的其他添加剂。
本发明的制剂能够用于将移植物包覆固定在脏器和/或组织的表面。
脏器是指腹腔内的器官也包括肺,心脏,血管。脏器可以例示肝脏,胆管,肠道,胰腺,肾脏,心脏,肺,血管,气管等。
组织是指一种或两种以上的细胞以一定模式集合的结构体可以例示结缔组织(皮肤、肌腱、软骨、骨等),肌肉组织,神经组织(脑、脊髓这样的中枢神经,周围神经等)。
移植物可以例示细胞、细胞聚集体、组织及其组合等。
移植的细胞只要是能够通过移植到生物体中而期待其发挥功能的细胞即可,能够列举构成脏器或组织的功能细胞,或面向功能细胞分化的未分化细胞等。作为未分化的脏器或组织细胞,例如,能够列举如下:构成脑,脊髓,肾上腺髓质,表皮,毛发/指甲/皮腺,感觉器官,周围神经,晶状体等外胚层性器官的功能细胞或可以分化成该器官的细胞;构成肾脏,输尿管,心脏,血液,生殖腺,肾上腺皮质,肌肉,骨骼,真皮,结缔组织,间皮等中胚层性器官的功能细胞或可以分化成该器官的细胞;构成肝脏,胰腺,肠道,肺,甲状腺,甲状旁腺,泌尿道等的内胚层性器官的功能细胞或可以分化成该器官的细胞等。在本领域技术人员之间使用的术语之中,肝母细胞,肝祖细胞,胰母细胞,肝前体细胞,胰母细胞,胰祖细胞,胰祖细胞,胰前体细胞,内分泌前体,肠道祖细胞,肠道前体细胞,中段中胚层,后肾间充质前体细胞,多能肾单位祖细胞,肾祖细胞,心脏中胚层,心血管祖细胞,心脏祖细胞(JR.Spence,et al.,Nature.;470(7332):105-9.(2011);Self,et al.,EMBO J.;25(21):5214-5228.(2006);J.Zhang,et al.,Circulation Research.;104:e30-e41(2009);和G.Lee,et al.,Nature Biotechnology 25,1468-1475(2007))等,包含在未分化的脏器或组织细胞中。未分化的脏器或组织细胞能够由人工诱导多能干细胞(iPS细胞),胚胎于细胞(ES细胞)等多能干细胞,依据公知的方法制作。细胞除了来源于脏器或组织以外,也可以来源于癌,通过把癌细胞移植给非人动物能够制作癌症模型动物。
移植的细胞聚集体可以是器官芽(类器官),球状体,细胞团,细胞球等任何细胞的聚集体,可以含一种细胞,也可以含两种以上的细胞。“器官芽”是能够成熟而分化成器官的结构体,作为其一个示例,在WO2013/047639中,公开有一种利用脏器或组织细胞(前体细胞),血管细胞(优选为血管内皮细胞),以及未分化间充质细胞或由其分化的细胞这三种细胞来制作器官芽的方法,通过使用本发明的制剂,能够将以此方法制作的器官芽适宜地移植到生物体,并使之存活(后述的实施例)。
移植的组织可以是选自由个体分离的组织(例如,构成脏器这一器官的全部或部分组织),也可以是构成脏器或组织的功能细胞,或可分化成功能细胞的未分化细胞和多能性细胞所诱导出的组织。通过使用本发明的制剂,能够将来源于生物体的组织适宜地移植到生物体,并使之存活(后述的实施例)。
本发明的制剂与纤维蛋白胶、氧化纤维素、透明质酸钠比较,可确认到促进移植组织生长的效果。
本发明的制剂能够以如下方式使用:将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,对移植物滴加含藻酸盐的水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化而包覆移植物。移植部位只要是将覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜剥离的部位即可。
本发明还提供一种移植物的移植方法,其包括将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,并用藻酸盐包覆移植物。例如,将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,对移植物滴加包含选自由藻酸钠、藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化而能够包覆。移植部位只要是将覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜剥离的部位即可。
非人动物可以例示小鼠,大鼠,兔,猪,狗,猴,牛,马,羊,鸡等。
覆盖组织和/或脏器的被膜可以例示肠系膜,腹膜,软脑膜,筋膜,心外膜,内脏侧胸膜,肠道浆膜,肝被膜,肾被膜等。
被膜的剥离能够使用注射针,电刀,双极电刀,外科手术刀,超声外科吸引器(CUSA)等。
藻酸盐的使用量为移植部位每1cm2用0.1~100mg即可,优选1~10mg,更优选2~5mg。
藻酸盐和二价以上的金属离子的滴加能够使用注射器,滴管,喷雾器等进行。
本发明的制剂和移植方法能够利用于面向肝硬化治疗的对肝表面的组织移植,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、酒精性肝炎等慢性肝炎的治疗,以肺、肾脏、胰腺、和其他脏器或组织为对象的再生医疗等。
实施例
以下,由实施例更详细地说明本发明。
〔实施例1〕
实验方法
·移植用包覆剂
移植用包覆剂使用藻酸钠(使用持田制药SeaMatrix进行1%稀释,AL20/粘度20~100mPa·s,AL100/粘度100~200mPa·s,AL500/粘度400~600mPa·s),Matrigel基质胶(Corning),纤维蛋白原(Sigma Aldrich F8630),凝血酶(Sigma Aldrich T7513),纤维蛋白在使用之前,将纤维蛋白原与凝血酶按100∶1混合使用。使用氧化纤维素(Johnson&Johnson),透明质酸钠(科研制药)。藻酸钠添加到组织上之后,滴加氯化钙(以蒸馏水将Nacalai Tesque试剂稀释到10%使用)溶液使之凝胶化。
·生长因子
bFGF(Sigma B5887 0.1pg/m1),EGF(Sigma E9644 1ng/m1),NGF(Sigma N14080.2ng/ml),IGF-1(Sigma I3769 15ng/ml),TGFbeta(Sigma H8541 2.5μg/ml),PDGF(SigmaP3201 12pg/ml)。
·制作肝硬化大鼠模型
使3周龄DPP4-F344大鼠(Charles River Laboratories Japan,神奈川,日本)顺应2周,每周3次连日将N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-Nitrosodimethylamin)(WAKO)(DMN)以10mg/kg(体重)的浓度注射到腹腔内持续3周。IL2rg KO F344大鼠由京都大学提供。
·胎肝组织的制备方法
从14天胎龄的DPPIV+F344大鼠胎儿(日本SLC,静冈,日本)采集肝组织使用。
·移植方法
以血管夹钳阻断大鼠的门静脉血流后,用18G针头(TERUMO)精细地剥离中叶表面。剥离后,以棉签压迫止血,移植第14天胎龄的胎肝组织,从上方使用包覆剂进行包覆,取下血管夹钳后关腹。移植14天后摘除肝脏,比较研究存活组织。
·DPPIV染色
使用等量混合有丙酮(WAKO)和氯仿(WAKO)的溶液,对冷冻组织切片进行组织固定。之后,将对于1xPBS 1mL以1mg的比例溶解有固蓝BB盐(Fast Blue BB Salt hemi)(氯化锌)盐(SIGMA-ALDRICH)的溶液,和对于二甲基亚砜(WAKO)1mL以8mg的比例溶解有Gly-Pro4-甲氧基-β-萘胺盐酸盐(SIGMA-ALDRICH)溶液,按20∶1混合,制成染色液,用其在常温下进行20分钟酶组织化学染色。染色后,在将硫酸铜(II)五水合物(WAKO)溶解于Milli Q水而制作的2%硫酸铜水溶液中浸泡5分钟,使染料固色。其后,在10%福尔马林中浸泡10分钟进行组织固定,置换成Milli Q水后,以Carrazi's Haematoxylin(武藤化学)进行10分钟染色。用水清洗后,在流水中进行30分钟去除多余染料。最后滴加Apaci封片剂(WAKO),盖上载玻片(MATSUNAMI)进行封片。
·免疫染色法
以等量混合有丙酮(WAKO)和甲醇(WAKO)的溶液,对于冷冻组织切片进行组织固定。风干后,以阻水笔(DAKO)包围染色对象,经防水处理后,以0.05%Tween20-PBS(PBST)进行10分钟、3次通透处理。接着,使用Blocking One(Nacalai Tesque),在室温下进行1小时封闭。其后,加上由Blocking One稀释到适当浓度的一抗溶液,在4℃下进行过夜反应。反应后,用PBST以10分钟清洗3次后,加上由Blocking One适当稀释的二抗溶液,在室温下使之反应1小时。之后,以PBS进行10分钟清洗,将DAPI(4′,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸化物,invitrogen)按照1∶1000混合到Apaci封片剂(WAKO)中并滴加,盖上载玻片(MATSUNAMI)进行封片。
使用的抗体如下。
一级抗体
抗-大鼠CD26(BD Bioscience,559639)
·抗-大鼠CD31(BD Bioscience,550300)
·抗-角蛋白CK19(Progen Biotechnik GmbH,61029)
·抗-大鼠肝血窦内皮细胞(SE-1)(Immuno-Biological Laboratories,10078)
·抗-HNF4α(H-1)(Santa Cruz,sc-374229)
抗-人白蛋白(Sigma)
抗-人细胞核(Merck MAB1281)
·凝血酶原时间测量
使用CoaguChek(注册商标)XS(Roche),对于从用于实验的动物采集的血液进行测量。
·全血细胞计数血液检查
以EDTA对于从用于实验的动物采集的血液进行了抗凝处理之后,使用全自动血球计数器MEK-6550Celltacα(日本光电)进行测量。
血液生化检验
使从用于实验的动物采集的血液,以4000rpm离心20分钟,回收血清。对于回收的血清,使用FUJI DRI-CHEM Slide(FUJIFILM),就AST(天冬氨酸氨基转移酶),ALT(丙氨酸氨基转移酶),NH3(氨),ALB(白蛋白),T-Bil(总胆红素)进行分析。测量中使用DRI-CHEM7000V(FUJIFILM)。
·透明质酸测量方法
采集大鼠血清,使用透明质酸ELISA试剂盒(duoset,Invitrogen)进行测量。
·人iPSC肝芽的制作方法
(1)肝内胚层细胞(HE)的制备
关于HE,使用人iPS细胞来源的肝内胚层细胞(Cell Reports 21,2661-2670,2017),PXB细胞(PhoenixBio公司)等。使用的培养基是将GM BulletKit(Lonza公司制)和从HCM BulletKit(Lonza公司制)中除去了hEGF(重组人表皮细胞生长因子)后按1:1混合,并在其中添加地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、制瘤素(Oncostatin M)的培养基。
(2)间充质细胞(MC)的制备
关于MC,除了使用从人骨髓分离的细胞(Lonza,cat.No.PT-2501)以外,还使用从人脐带间质(华顿氏管)分离的细胞、人iPS细胞来源的间充质细胞(Cell Reports 21,2661-2670,2017)等的任一种。本实验中主要使用的从人骨髓中分离的间充质干细胞(Mesenchymal Stem Cell:hMSC),使用hMSC培养所制备的专用培养基(MSCGM2TM(注册商标))(Promocell C-28009)培养。
(3)血管细胞(EC)的制备
关于EC,使用人iPS细胞来源的血管内皮细胞(Cell Reports 21,2661-2670,2017),人脐静脉内皮细胞(Normal Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells:HUVEC)等任意一种。使用的HUVEC是从知情同意的孕妇在分娩时提供的脐带中分离的细胞,或是购进的细胞(HUVECs(Lonza,cat.No.191027)等),用EGM(注册商标)Bulletkit(注册商标)(Lonza CC-4133),以5次以内的传代次数培养的细胞。
(4)3种细胞聚集体
将Matrigel基质胶涂层(Corning(注册商标)Matrigel(注册商标)的原液,或将Matrigel基质胶与培养基按1∶1的比例混合的溶液,每孔放入300μl,在37℃,5%CO2的培养箱内静置10分钟以上进行硬化,在24孔板的1个孔中,将细胞数为5x105细胞的iPS细胞来源的肝内胚层细胞、或人成体肝细胞,与3.5x105细胞的人iPS细胞来源的血管细胞或人脐静脉来源的血管内皮细胞、1x104细胞的人iPS细胞来源的间充质细胞或人间充质细胞混合后,在37℃的培养箱中培养2天。也可以使用微模式培养板(micropatterned plate)制作3种细胞聚集体。
结果
·对大鼠肝脏表面移植胎肝组织的最佳包覆剂的研究
对于N-亚硝基二甲胺(N-Nitrosodimethylamin)(WAKO)(DMN)给药2周后的肝硬化状态下的大鼠肝表面,移植胎肝组织,分别以藻酸钠、纤维蛋白、氧化纤维素、透明质酸钠进行包覆固定(图1a)。通过DPPIV染色确认移植组织的存活时,在全部包覆剂中确认到7成以上的存活率(图1b)。比较各个包覆剂下的存活组织比例最大的面积,在4种包覆剂之中,确认到藻酸钠显著要高(图1c)。
另外,为了调查存活组织中的脉管结构的形成状态和肝组织的成熟程度而进行免疫组织化学染色,研究作为存活组织的标志物的CD26,作为血管内皮细胞标志物的CD31和作为胆管内皮细胞标志物的CK19,作为肝细胞标志物的HNF4α和作为血窦内皮细胞标志物和SE-1的出现(图1d)。其结果确认到,关于存活组织内的CD31阳性部位的比例,藻酸钠显著高于其他3种包覆剂(图1e)。另外,存活组织的HNF4α阳性比例中,藻酸钠和透明质酸钠显著高于其他可临床应用的包覆剂(图1f)。
·对大鼠肝脏表面移植胎儿组织的治疗效果的研究
对于大鼠失代偿性肝硬化模型的肝脏表面移植大鼠胎肝,研究治疗效果。其结果是,在由藻酸钠包覆的大鼠胎肝组织对肝表面的移植中,确认到移植组织的存活和脉管结构的构建以及肝组织的成熟(图2a)。另外,与假手术(sham)群体(只实施肝被膜的剥离操作)进行比较研究,在大鼠胎肝组织对肝表面的移植中,可确认生存率得到改善(图2b)。进行血液生化检验时,移植一周后可见作为肝功能标志物的AST,ALT改善。另外,作为Child-Pugh分级相关标志物的T-Bil,NH3改善,凝血酶原时间缩短,血中ALB,移植1周后的血中透明质酸显著改善(图2c)。
为了研究藻酸钠的缓释作用,在高粘度、中粘度、低粘度的藻酸钠中添加人EGF,用氯化钙使之凝胶化。在研究人EGF对周围的PBS的缓释作用时,低粘度藻酸钠向周围释放EGF最多(图3a)。将胎肝组织移植到肝硬化的肝表面并以低粘度藻酸钠包覆。这时若添加Matrigel基质胶所含的生长因子(EGF,TGFβ,bFGF,IGF1,EGF,PDGF,NGF),则存活组织增大(图3b)。利用在低粘度藻酸钠中加入生长因子的包覆固定剂,还发现在肝硬化的肝表面有人iPS细胞来源的3种细胞聚集体存活(图3c)。
讨论
相比作为现有的细胞治疗而进行的经门静脉移植所用的细胞,本研究中使用的组织移植法是一种可以使更大组织同位植入到肝脏的方法。因此认为其有助于解决经门静脉移植中的移植细胞数量这一课题。通过使用添加有Matrigel基质胶所含的生长因子(bFGF,EGF,IGF-1,PDGF,NGF,TGFβ)的藻酸钠,可以进一步提高移植组织的生长性。
本发明的新包覆固定剂,在以下方面体现出比现有技术有大幅改善:
1.对移植组织的侵袭性低;
2.可以使移植组织长期存活;
3.有助于移植组织的生长促进和成熟。此外,通过在低粘度化的藻酸钠中添加任意生长因子,能够进一步有助于促进移植组织生长。
将本说明书所引用的全部刊物、专利及专利申请原文作为参考而并入本说明书中。
工业实用性
本发明能够用于将细胞、细胞聚集体和组织等移植到生物体。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于包覆固定移植物的制剂,其含有藻酸盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中藻酸盐是选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾,藻酸钙和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制剂,其中制剂是含有选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,并且使用时通过添加二价以上的金属离子而使藻酸盐凝胶化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制剂,其中二价以上的金属离子是钙离子。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的制剂,其还包含生长因子。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制剂,其中生长因子是选自由EGF,TGFβ,bFGF,IGF1,EGF,PDGF,NGF,HGF,VEGF和S1P组成的组中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的制剂,其中移植物是细胞,细胞聚集体,组织或它们的组合。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的制剂,其用于将移植物包覆固定在脏器和/或组织的表面。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的制剂,其特征在于,将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,向移植物滴加含藻酸盐的水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化,包覆移植物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制剂,其中移植部位是剥离了覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜的部位。
11.一种用于包覆固定移植物的制剂试剂盒,其中组合了含藻酸盐的制剂和二价以上金属盐。
12.一种移植物的移植方法,其包括将移植物移植至人或非人动物的移植部位,并用藻酸盐包覆移植物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的移植方法,其中将移植物移植到人或非人动物的移植部位,向移植物滴加含有选自由藻酸钠,藻酸钾和藻酸铵组成的组中的至少一种的水溶液,再滴加二价以上的金属离子,使藻酸盐凝胶化,包覆移植物。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的移植物的移植方法,其中移植部位是剥离了覆盖人或非人动物的组织和/或脏器的被膜的部位。
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