CN116711606A - Green efficient belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape - Google Patents
Green efficient belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN116711606A CN116711606A CN202310905920.7A CN202310905920A CN116711606A CN 116711606 A CN116711606 A CN 116711606A CN 202310905920 A CN202310905920 A CN 202310905920A CN 116711606 A CN116711606 A CN 116711606A
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- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000221662 Sclerotinia Species 0.000 claims description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005916 Methomyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005929 Spinetoram Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GOENIMGKWNZVDA-OAMCMWGQSA-N Spinetoram Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@H](OCC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1OC1C[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C4C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@H](C)[C@H](CC5)N(C)C)CCC[C@H](CC)OC(=O)CC4[C@@H]3CC[C@@H]2C1 GOENIMGKWNZVDA-OAMCMWGQSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N methomyl Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C(/C)SC UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NHOIBRJOQAYBJT-IMGVWCFESA-N nimbin Chemical compound C=1([C@@H]2C[C@H]3O[C@H]4[C@](C3=C2C)(C)[C@@H]([C@]2(C(=O)C=C[C@](C)([C@@H]2[C@H]4OC(C)=O)C(=O)OC)C)CC(=O)OC)C=COC=1 NHOIBRJOQAYBJT-IMGVWCFESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZQIYJHBQRBBBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimbin Natural products COC(=O)CC1C2C(C(OC(=O)C)C3OC4CC(C(=C4C13C)C)c5cocc5)C(C)(C=CC2=O)C(=O)OC ZQIYJHBQRBBBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000902876 Alticini Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000209072 Sorghum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
Abstract
The invention discloses a green high-efficiency belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape, wherein the sorghum and the rape adopt 3:2 row layout for annual crop rotation, and the bandwidth is 1.9m. Planting rape in autumn and winter according to standards of 20cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 1 plant/nest; sorghum is planted in spring according to the standard of 30cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 3 plants/nest. When rotation is carried out, the row spacing between the sorghum and the rape is 20cm, so that the normal growth of the rape is not influenced during mechanical cultivation. The green prevention and control method for the disease, insect and weed pests of the sorghum-rape belt crop rotation can effectively reduce chemical pesticides in the rape and sorghum planting process, and the green prevention and control method is adopted to control the disease, insect and weed pests and other pests, so that the quality safety of agricultural products, the safety of people and livestock and the ecological environment safety are ensured, the dosage of chemical input products is reduced, and the sustainable utilization of land is ensured. In addition, compared with the common chemical prevention and control, the crop rotation planting method provided by the invention improves the yield of rape and sorghum and obtains higher economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a green high-efficiency belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape.
Background
In recent years, in order to improve crop yield and benefit, the south mountain farmers greatly popularize the light and simple mechanized rape-sorghum dry crop rotation planting technology. The annual green high-efficiency production technology of sorghum-rape is a novel double-reduction planting mode of the pesticide fertilizer in dry land, is suitable for planting in hilly dry-farming areas, and has higher economic and ecological benefits. However, because of the difference of crop engagement between the sowing period of sorghum and the harvesting period of rape, in order to ensure that sorghum for wine can be sowed on time, rape needs to be turned over and pressed as green manure in the full-bloom period, and rapeseeds cannot be harvested; and along with the continuous rising of the price of the sorghum raw material for wine, many areas for planting sorghum for wine are in pursuit of high yield, and excessive close planting and poor field air permeability cause more serious disease, insect and weed in the planting areas. The chemical pesticides used for prevention and control are excessively used, and serious harm is caused to the quality safety and the ecological environment safety of agricultural products. The technical characteristics of the rape and sorghum alternate planting are different from those of single crop planting, the occurrence characteristics and the pest and disease damage rule of the rape and sorghum alternate planting are also different from those of the traditional single planting system, and the rampant pest and disease damage forms a serious threat to the yield and quality of the rape and sorghum alternate planting. How to systematically control the pests of the diseases and the weeds is the key of green and efficient production of rape-sorghum rotation, and the research and the application in the aspect are relatively deficient at present, so that a single chemical pesticide is used for controlling the pests in a large amount. The research on rape-sorghum crop rotation planting aiming at the former is mainly focused on the problems of low integration level of single crops, planting and pest control green prevention and control technology, no space and time systematic prevention and control on pest control and the like. For example, CN111528011a discloses a no-tillage direct seeding method of original pit sorghum after rape harvesting, CN109644797a discloses a cultivation method of whole-course film mulching crop rotation rape and corn all the year round, and the two crop rotation cultivation methods mainly provide a light, simple and efficient cultivation technology, and do not relate to the aspect of green plant protection.
Based on the analysis, in order to ensure that the yield of rape is obtained when the sorghum rotates to rape, the yield of soil is improved, two crops are harvested, the economic benefit is improved, and the requirements of rationalization and scientificalization of pest control based on the quality safety of agricultural products are met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the invention provides a sorghum-rape separate rotation planting mode, which can effectively solve the serious pest and disease damage caused by over close planting of single crops, and can also effectively solve the problems of connection of sorghum and rape stubbles in spring and land-over in autumn, thereby achieving the purpose of more than one land.
The invention is realized by the following technical means:
a green high-efficiency belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape comprises the following steps:
sorghum and rape are circularly planted in a 3:2 row layout mode, and the bandwidth is 1.9m. Planting rape in autumn and winter according to standards of 20cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 1 plant/nest; sorghum is planted in spring according to the standard of 30cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 3 plants/nest. When rotation is carried out, the row spacing between the sorghum and the rape is 20cm, so that the normal growth of the rape is not influenced during mechanical cultivation.
Further, seedling and transplanting are adopted for rape and sorghum, the transplanting time of the sorghum is 4 late months, and the transplanting time of the rape is 10 late months.
Further, the fertilization is managed according to rape/sorghum fertilization standards. The method comprises the following steps: and (5) reapplying the base fertilizer, and later-stage seedling observation and fertilization.
Further, when rape is transplanted in winter, 100kg of base fertilizer, specifically 30-40 kg/mu of special formula compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer for rape is used, and meanwhile, the base fertilizer can be adjusted according to the soil fertility status, and 1kg of borax is additionally applied to ensure that the rape does not lack boron fertilizer. In order to prevent flowers from being damaged, 50kg of water can be sprayed with 50g of boron fertilizer per mu in the early flowering stage, or quick-acting boron, bactericide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves in the early flowering stage. Promote the later growth and development of rape, prevent flowers and sclerotium diseases, and ensure the high and stable yield of rape.
Further, when the sorghum is transplanted in spring, the base fertilizer is reapplied, the base fertilizer is generally a compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount is about 20-30 kg/mu, the fertilizing mode is hole-put, and the contact or the too close interval between seeds and the fertilizer is avoided. The second fertilization is performed in the jointing period, 15-20 kg/mu of urea, the third fertilization is performed in the booting period, 10-15 kg/mu of urea and a proper amount of potash fertilizer.
Further, pest control includes:
the pest control is mainly carried out before winter of the rape, and sclerotinia rot is controlled in the flowering phase of the rape. 10g of 90% methomyl soluble powder for preventing and killing flea beetles, 10-15g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for preventing and controlling aphids, and large-scale ministerial drugs, insect killers and the like for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars. The sclerotinia rot is prevented and treated once by 40% sclerotinia rot in the early flowering stage, and is prevented and treated once again after 7-10 days, and the lower leaf of rape is sprayed from bottom to top.
Sorghum pest control: 30ml of nimbin (0.3%) plus 20ml of spinetoram (60 g/L), 20ml of Jinggang-bachelor (4%. 16 hundred million/g) 36g of +14-hydroxy brassinosteroids (0.0075%) and 10ml of cyan Pi Jieyou ml are sprayed per mu by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the green prevention and control method for the disease, insect and weed pests of the sorghum-rape belt crop rotation can effectively reduce chemical pesticides in the rape and sorghum planting process, and the green prevention and control method is adopted to control the disease, insect and weed pests and other pests, so that the quality safety of agricultural products, the safety of people and livestock and the ecological environment safety are ensured, the dosage of chemical input products is reduced, and the sustainable utilization of land is ensured.
Compared with the common chemical prevention and control method, the green prevention and control method for the sorghum-rape separate belt crop provided by the invention increases the yield of rape and sorghum, and obtains good economic benefit.
The efficient planting technology for sorghum-rape separate rotation provided by the invention can effectively break continuous cropping obstacle of sorghum, solve the problem of joint between spring sowing sorghum and spring harvesting rape crops, improve economic benefit of farmers and stabilize grain and oil area of a field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of winter sowing sorghum and harvesting rape for crops for rotation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of wide-narrow row planting of autumn and winter rape;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a wide and narrow row planting of spring sorghum;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a sorghum-canola separate crop rotation field layout for wine according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sorghum banded crop rotation field layout for spring wine according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a winter rape separate rotation field layout of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The examples are presented for better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and adaptations of the embodiments described above are possible in light of the above teachings and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-3, example 1 discloses a green efficient belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Rotation mode: sorghum-rape double transplanting and belt dividing rotation
(2) Cultivation mode: sorghum and rape are circularly planted in a 3:2 row layout mode, and the bandwidth is 1.9m. Planting rape in autumn and winter according to standards of 20cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 1 plant/nest; sorghum is planted in spring according to the standard of 30cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 3 plants/nest. When rotation is carried out, the row spacing between the sorghum and the rape is 20cm, so that the normal growth of the rape is not influenced during mechanical cultivation.
(3) Planting mode: seedling and transplanting are adopted for rape and sorghum, the transplanting time of the sorghum is 4 late months, and the transplanting time of the rape is 10 late months.
(4) Fertilization level: management is carried out according to rape/sorghum fertilization standards. The method comprises the following steps: and (5) reapplying the base fertilizer, and later-stage seedling observation and fertilization. When transplanting rape, 100kg of base fertilizer, preferably 30-40 kg/mu (regulated according to soil fertility) of special formula compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer for rape, is used, and 1kg of borax is additionally applied to ensure that the rape is not deficient in boron fertilizer. In order to prevent flowers from being damaged, 50kg of water can be sprayed with 50g of boron fertilizer per mu in the early flowering stage, or quick-acting boron, bactericide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves in the early flowering stage. Promote the later growth and development of rape, prevent flowers and sclerotium diseases, and ensure the high and stable yield of rape. When the sorghum is transplanted, the base fertilizer is reapplied, the base fertilizer is generally a compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount is about 20-30 kg/mu, the fertilizing mode is hole-put, and the contact or the too close interval between the seeds and the fertilizer is avoided. The second fertilization is performed in the jointing period, 15-20 kg/mu of urea, the third fertilization is performed in the booting period, 10-15 kg/mu of urea and a proper amount of potash fertilizer.
(5) Pest control: management according to rape/sorghum pest control standard. The method comprises the following steps: the pest control is mainly carried out before winter of the rape, and sclerotinia rot is controlled in the flowering phase of the rape. 10g of 90% methomyl soluble powder for preventing and killing flea beetles, 10-15g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for preventing and controlling aphids, and large-scale ministerial drugs, insect killers and the like for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars. The sclerotinia rot is prevented and treated once by 40% sclerotinia rot in the early flowering stage, and is prevented and treated once again after 7-10 days, and the lower leaf of rape is sprayed from bottom to top.
Sorghum pest control: 30ml of nimbin (0.3%) plus 20ml of spinetoram (60 g/L), 20ml of Jinggang-bachelor (4%. 16 hundred million/g) 36g of +14-hydroxy brassinosteroids (0.0075%) and 10ml of cyan Pi Jieyou ml are sprayed per mu by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Variety: the sorghum variety is red tassel; the rape variety is Xinde oil mixed No. 9 and oil mill 2020.
Density: sorghum 3510 pit/mu, according to 3 plants/pit standard, 10527 plants/mu in total; 2880 litter/mu of rape, and 3509 total plants/mu according to 1 plant/litter standard.
Planting area: 15 mu.
Planting site: guizhou kernel.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A green high-efficiency belt-dividing crop rotation planting method for sorghum-rape comprises the following steps:
sorghum and rape are circularly planted by adopting a 3:2 row layout, and the bandwidth is 1.9m;
planting rape in autumn and winter according to standards of 20cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 1 plant/nest;
sorghum is planted in spring according to the standard of 30cm nest spacing, 50cm row spacing and 3 plants/nest;
when rotation is carried out, the row spacing between the sorghum and the rape is 20cm.
2. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 1, wherein:
seedling and transplanting are adopted in the rape and sorghum planting mode.
3. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 2, wherein:
the sorghum transplanting time is 4 late months, and the rape transplanting time is 10 late months.
4. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 3, wherein:
when the rape is transplanted, 30-40 kg/mu of special formula compound fertilizer or slow-release fertilizer for rape is used, and 1kg of borax is applied to each mu;
50kg of water is sprayed with 50g of boron fertilizer per mu in the early flowering stage, or quick-acting boron, bactericide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed on the leaves in the early flowering stage.
5. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 3, wherein:
when the sorghum is transplanted, applying base fertilizer again, wherein the base fertilizer uses compound fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 20-30 kg/mu, and the fertilizing mode uses hole placement;
the second fertilization is carried out in the jointing period, 15 kg/mu to 20 kg/mu of urea;
the third fertilization is carried out in the booting stage, 10-15 kg/mu urea and proper amount of potash fertilizer.
6. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 1, wherein:
the zoning alternate planting method further comprises the steps of pest control of rape:
pest control before winter of rape and sclerotinia rot control in flowering phase.
7. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 6, wherein:
the pest control method comprises the following steps:
10g of 90% methomyl soluble powder and 10-15g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder are used for each mu.
8. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 6, wherein:
the sclerotinia rot is prevented and treated once by 40% sclerotinia rot in the early flowering stage, and is prevented and treated once again after 7-10 days, and the lower leaf of rape is sprayed from bottom to top.
9. The banded crop rotation planting method of claim 1, wherein:
the sorghum pest control comprises:
30ml of nimbin (0.3%) plus 20ml of spinetoram (60 g/L), 20ml of Jinggang-bachelor (4%. 16 hundred million/g) 36g of +14-hydroxy brassinosteroids (0.0075%) and 10ml of cyan Pi Jieyou ml are sprayed per mu by using an unmanned aerial vehicle.
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