CN116655525A - 一种污水高效杀菌剂及其合成方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种污水高效杀菌剂及其合成方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/36—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/38—Radicals substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms having only hydrogen or hydrocarbon radicals attached to the substituent nitrogen atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种污水高效杀菌剂及其合成方法与应用。所述合成方法包括以下步骤:在四口烧瓶中加入2‑吡啶甲醛、甲醇、小分子仲胺、氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3‑4;反应得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;在上述粘稠固体中加入乙醇和十二烷基卤,氢氧化钠调节pH7‑8,反应得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;用有机溶剂对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,70‑80℃烘干6‑10h,得到产品杀菌剂。该杀菌剂具有原料来源广泛、合成工艺简单、广谱杀菌、用量少、杀菌效率高的优点,使用浓度为10mg/L时,对SRB、TGB、FB杀菌率达到99%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种污水高效杀菌剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
油田投入开采后,油层压力逐渐下降,开采原油难度越来越大。因此,要采取必要的技术工艺措施,及时对已开始开采的油层进行能量补充,使油层保持一定的压力。注水就是其中为使油层保持一定压力而采取的一种技术工艺措施。在油田注水开发系统中,存在着多种有害的细菌微生物,最常见的是硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、腐生菌(TGB)和铁细菌(FB),这些细菌生长、代谢和繁殖可造成钻采设备和注水管线及其它金属材料的腐蚀和损坏、管道和注水井的堵塞,使油层孔隙渗透率下降,妨碍注水采油,致使注水压力升高,直接影响原油产量。因此,采出水回注之前需要进行杀菌处理。
在生活污水、食品加工和造纸等工业废水中,含有碳水化合物、蛋白质、油脂、木质素等有机物质。这些物质以悬浮或溶解状态存在于污水中,可通过微生物的生物化学作用而分解。在其分解过程中需要消耗氧气,因而被称为耗氧污染物。这种污染物可造成水中溶解氧减少,影响鱼类和其他水生生物的生长。水中溶解氧耗尽后,有机物进行厌氧分解,产生硫化氢、氨和硫醇等难闻气味,使水质进一步恶化,为了防止水质更进一步的恶化,需要对水质进行杀菌处理。
目前国内油田污水处理杀菌工艺普遍采用投加渗透型阳离子型杀菌剂,如1227(十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵),但是长时间使用单一的杀菌剂,细菌产生了耐药性,杀菌效果越来越不理想。
CN114149062A公开了一种用于含聚采出液中硫酸盐还原菌的杀菌剂及其制备方法与应用。本发明杀菌剂由直链烷基胺和1H-吡唑-1-甲脒盐酸盐反应得到中间体,中间体和酸酐反应制备得到。本发明杀菌剂不与含聚采出液中阴离子型聚合物发生反应,不影响含聚采出液的黏度,杀菌效果好,以较小的杀菌剂浓度即可实现优异的杀菌效果,适应性强,不会使细菌产生抗药性,同时具备一定的缓蚀作用。该发明杀菌剂的使用浓度一般为50mg/L,与新兴的杀菌剂对比,使用浓度偏高,杀菌效果一般。
CN112471172A公开了一种去味杀菌剂及其制备方法,去味杀菌剂按重量百分比包括如下组分:银纳米颗粒:0.5%~3%;铜纳米颗粒:0.5%~3%;磁性纳米颗粒:0.5%~3%;稳定剂:10~20%;其余部分为水。本发明所提供的去味杀菌剂,成本低、杀菌效果好、制备过程简单、环境危害小,可用于日常室内空间中的去味和杀菌,以及污水污泥除臭杀菌、农业堆肥发酵过程中的去味和杀菌。但是该发明杀菌剂的配方中含有铜、银等重金属,会造成水体污染。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的不足而提供一种污水高效杀菌剂及合成方法。该杀菌剂具有原料来源广泛、合成工艺简单、广谱杀菌、用量少、杀菌效率高的优点,使用浓度为10mg/L时,对SRB、TGB、FB杀菌率达到99%以上。
因此,为了实现上述目的,一方面,本发明公开了一种污水高效杀菌剂,所述杀菌剂的分子结构式如下:
其中:
R1为C1-C4的烷基;
R2为C1-C4的烷基;
X-为氯、溴、碘中的一种,更优选为溴或碘。
另一方面,本发明公开了上述污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,该合成方法包括:在弱酸环境中,在催化剂作用下,2-吡啶甲醛和小分子仲胺发生还原胺化反应;其次胺化产物与十二烷基卤发生季铵化反应,其中,所述的小分子仲胺结构式如(1)式所示,所述的十二烷基卤结构式如(2)式所示;
C12H25X(2)
其中:R1为C1-C4的烷基;R2为C1-C4的烷基;X-为氯、溴、碘,更优选为溴或碘。
在本发明中,基于1摩尔份的2-吡啶甲醛,所述的小分子仲胺、十二烷基卤的用量分别为1-3摩尔份、0.8-1.2摩尔份;优选地,基于1摩尔份的2-吡啶甲醛,小分子仲胺、十二烷基卤的用量分别为1.5-2.5摩尔份、0.9-1.0摩尔份。
在本发明中,所述催化剂为氰基硼氢化钠、硼氢化钠、硼氢化锌、硼氢化钾,更优选为氰基硼氢化钠,所述催化剂与2-吡啶甲醛的质量比为0.6-1:1。
在本发明中,所述的弱酸环境为pH3-4。
在本发明中,所述的还原胺化反应的温度为50-70℃、时间为2-4h。
在本发明中,所述的季铵化反应的时间为为24-48h。
按照一种更具体的优选实施方式,所述的污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入2-吡啶甲醛、甲醇、小分子仲胺、氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;反应得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入乙醇和十二烷基卤,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,反应得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用有机溶剂对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,70-80℃烘干6-10h,得到产品杀菌剂。
优选情况下,步骤(1)中,所述的甲醇与2-吡啶甲醛的质量比为15-20:1。
优选情况下,步骤(2)中,所述的乙醇与2-吡啶甲醛的质量比为20-30:1。
优选情况下,步骤(3)中,所述的有机溶剂为乙酸乙酯、环己烷、甲醇、丙酮;更优选为乙酸乙酯或环己烷。
本发明第三个目的公开了上述污水高效杀菌剂在油田污水或普通污水杀菌中的应用。对于具体的应用无特别要求,可以为本领域常规的应用方式,在此不再论赘述。
本发明高效杀菌剂合成的反应方程式如下:
本发明的杀菌剂属于非氧化性杀菌剂,可以用于油田含油污水杀菌,也可以用于其它工业污水杀菌。杀菌基团有两个:季铵阳离子和吡啶。季铵阳离子通过静电力、十二烷基与蛋白质分子间的疏水结合等作用,吸附带负电的细菌体,聚集在细胞壁上,导致细菌生长受抑制而死亡,改变细胞膜的通透性,破坏膜结构,影响细胞代谢过程,使蛋白质变质,从而杀死细菌。吡啶分子中的氮原子正电性得到进一步加强,杀菌性能超过了吡啶本身,可以抑制细胞壁的合成,使细胞壁变薄失去活性,造成细胞膜暴露,最后由于渗透压导致原生质渗漏,引起细菌死亡。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明的杀菌剂的原料来源广泛,合成工艺简单;
(2)本发明的杀菌剂对含油污水中的SRB、FB、TGB均有杀灭作用,具有低浓度高效的优点,使用浓度为10mg/L时,对SRB、TGB、FB杀菌率达到99%以上;
(3)本发明也可以用到普通污水处理中,使用浓度为10mg/L时,对细菌的杀菌率可以达到99%以上。
具体实施方式
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围或值的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、214g甲醇、0.25mol二正丁胺、10.7g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到70℃,保温反应2h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入321g乙醇和0.12mol十二烷基氯,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流48h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用乙酸乙酯对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,70℃烘干8h,得到产品杀菌剂N1。
所述的产品杀菌剂N1分子式为:
实施例2
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、210g甲醇、0.28mol二异丁胺、6.42g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到65℃,保温反应2.5h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入300g乙醇和0.08mol十二烷基氯,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流36h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用乙酸乙酯对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,80℃烘干9h,得到产品杀菌剂N2。
所述的产品杀菌剂N2分子式为:
实施例3
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、198g甲醇、0.1mol二正丙胺、9.8g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到60℃,保温反应3h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入214g乙醇和0.115mol十二烷基氯,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流24h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用乙酸乙酯对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,70℃烘干8h,得到产品杀菌剂N3。
所述的产品杀菌剂N3分子式为:实施例4:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、167g甲醇、0.3mol二乙胺、10.1g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到50℃,保温反应3h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入266g乙醇和0.085mol十二烷基溴,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流36h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用环己烷对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,80℃烘干7h,得到产品杀菌剂N4。
所述的产品杀菌剂N4分子式为:实施例5:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、160g甲醇、0.2mol二甲胺、6.5g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到50℃,保温反应3.5h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入250g乙醇和0.11mol十二烷基溴,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流36h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用环己烷对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,75℃烘干8h,得到产品杀菌剂N5。
所述的产品杀菌剂N5分子式为:实施例6:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、172g甲醇、0.18mol甲基正丁胺、7.2g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到55℃,保温反应4h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入247g乙醇和0.107mol十二烷基溴,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流40h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用乙酸乙酯对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,75℃烘干9h,得到产品杀菌剂N6。
所述的产品杀菌剂N6分子式为:实施例7:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、198g甲醇、0.25mol甲基异丁胺、7.7g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到60℃,保温反应4h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入289g乙醇和0.09mol十二烷基碘,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流40h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用环己烷对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,72℃烘干7h,得到产品杀菌剂N7。
所述的产品杀菌剂N7分子式为:实施例8:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、200g甲醇、0.22mol甲基正丙胺、8.2g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到66℃,保温反应3h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入270g乙醇和0.095mol十二烷基碘,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流48h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用甲醇对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,76℃烘干8h,得到产品杀菌剂N8。
所述的产品杀菌剂N8分子式为:实施例9:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、209g甲醇、0.2mol甲基异丙胺、9.1g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到70℃,保温反应4h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入266g乙醇和0.105mol十二烷基碘,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流48h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用甲醇对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,78℃烘干10h,得到产品杀菌剂N9。
所述的产品杀菌剂N9分子式为:实施例10:
(1)在四口烧瓶中加入0.1mol 2-吡啶甲醛、198g甲醇、0.2mol甲乙胺、8.8g氰基硼氢化钠,用盐酸调节pH3-4;加热到65℃,保温反应3h得到混合液,将混合液进行减压蒸馏,得到粘稠状固体;
(2)在上述粘稠固体中加入303g乙醇和0.1mol十二烷基碘,氢氧化钠调节pH7-8,加热回流30h得到粗品溶液,将粗品溶液进行减压蒸馏,得到粗品;
(3)用丙酮对上述粗品进行重结晶提纯,73℃烘干10h,得到产品杀菌剂N10。
所述的产品杀菌剂N10分子式为:实施例11:杀菌率评价
取胜利油田某采油井采出液进行油水分离,将水相加入到若干100ml的密封瓶中,加入10mg/L本发明杀菌剂,置于65℃烘箱,4h后取样检测各种细菌含量,包括SRB(硫酸盐还原菌)、TGB(腐生菌)、FB(铁细菌),同时测试水相中的细菌含量,计算杀菌率。
用常规非氧化性杀菌剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)做对比实验。测试结果见表1。
表1杀菌实验结果
从表1可以看出:
(1)本发明的杀菌剂N1-10在使用浓度为10mg/L时对SRB杀菌率达到99%以上,最高达到了100%;而1227在使用浓度为10mg/L时对SRB杀菌率为75.6%。与现有的杀菌剂相比本发明的杀菌剂对SRB的杀菌效果良好;
(2)本发明的杀菌剂N1-10在使用浓度为10mg/L时对FB杀菌率达到99%以上,最高达到了100%;而1227在使用浓度为10mg/L时对FB杀菌率为91.1%。与现有的杀菌剂相比本发明的杀菌剂对FB的杀菌效果良好;
(3)本发明的杀菌剂N1-10在使用浓度为10mg/L时对TGB杀菌率达到99%以上,最高达到了100%;而1227在使用浓度为10mg/L时对TGB杀菌率为90.9%。与现有的杀菌剂相比本发明的杀菌剂对TGB的杀菌效果良好。
实施例12现场应用
某化工厂污水处理车间,日处理量为80方/d,采用生化超滤工艺,生化水处理后含有大量的细菌,进超滤工艺前需要杀菌。
在生化出水投加本发明N10,投加量为1.6kg/d,浓度10mg/L,生化后细菌含量为8×106个/ml,投加本发明N10后细菌含量为3×104个/ml,杀菌率为99.6%,达到试验要求。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的合成方法包括:在弱酸环境中,在催化剂作用下,2-吡啶甲醛和小分子仲胺发生还原胺化反应;其次胺化产物与十二烷基卤发生季铵化反应,其中,所述的小分子仲胺结构式如(1)式所示,所述的十二烷基卤结构式如(2)式所示;
C12H25X(2)
其中:R1为C1-C4的烷基;R2为C1-C4的烷基;X-为氯、溴、碘中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,基于1摩尔份的2-吡啶甲醛,所述的小分子仲胺、十二烷基卤的用量分别为1-3摩尔份、0.8-1.2摩尔份。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,基于1摩尔份的2-吡啶甲醛,所述的小分子仲胺、十二烷基卤的用量分别为1.5-2.5摩尔份、0.9-1.0摩尔份。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为氰基硼氢化钠、硼氢化钠、硼氢化锌、硼氢化钾中的一种,所述催化剂与2-吡啶甲醛的质量比为0.6-1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的弱酸环境为pH3-4。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的还原胺化反应的温度为50-70℃、时间为2-4h。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的季铵化反应的时间为为24-48h。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的X-为溴或碘。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述一种污水高效杀菌剂的合成方法制备得到杀菌剂,其特征在于,所述杀菌剂的分子结构式如下:
其中:
R1为C1-C4的烷基;
R2为C1-C4的烷基;
X-为氯、溴、碘中的一种。
10.根据权利要求9所述杀菌剂在油田污水或普通污水杀菌中的应用。
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