CN116650514A - 一种药食同源桑葚中的多糖在制备预防和治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种药食同源桑葚中的多糖在制备预防和治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药食同源桑葚中的多糖在制备预防和治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用,所述桑葚多糖的分子量分布为102.33±5kDa,8.71±1kDa和5.62±1kDa,含量分别为53.47±5%、12.40±2%、34.13±3%。本发明桑葚多糖能显著增加有益菌Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium丰度,减少有害菌Shigella丰度,共同起到辅助抗糖尿病的作用,并首次使用混合抗生素清除T2DM小鼠肠道菌群实验进行反向论证,揭示了肠道微生物群的调控可能是FMP在T2DM发病和进展中的靶点,为桑葚多糖在制备预防和改善2型糖尿病药物中的应用提供了理论依据。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于桑葚多糖应用技术领域,具体涉及一种桑葚多糖作为潜在益生元在制备调节2型糖尿病引起的肠道菌群紊乱,进而改善2型糖尿病相关症状的功能食品或药物中的应用。
背景技术
随着城市化发展以及人们饮食结构的改变,糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)及其并发症已成为危害人类健康的主要疾病之一。据国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)估计,到2045年,大约7.83亿人可能受到DM的影响,其中2型糖尿病(Type 2diabetes mellitus,T2DM)占绝大多数,约90%。但目前临床上使用的大部分降糖药物是通过化学方法合成的,长期服用会导致各种不良反应,如:胃肠道不适、低血糖、体重增加、肝肾功能受损、血糖漂移等。随着肠道微生态领域研究的发展,肠道菌群与宿主代谢之间的互作关系已成为当前研究的热点,同时也给肥胖、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝等代谢性疾病的治疗带来了新思路,因此,人们提出了恢复肠道菌群的策略,以预防和治疗糖尿病。
桑葚在我国许多古典医药著作中均有记载,具有广泛的生物活性和药理功能,对预防和改善各种慢性疾病具有重要的作用,但其在糖尿病改善中的作用机制尚未完全阐明。多糖是桑葚的主要活性成分之一,已有研究表明,桑葚粗多糖或水提液具有一定的降血糖功效,但是关于其改善机制以及对肠道菌群调控方面的研究鲜见报道。因此,有必要对桑葚多糖进行制备并通过糖尿病及肠道菌群清除动物模型等多方面多角度进一步探讨其降血糖机制,为桑葚多糖的开发利用提供理论基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于筛选出与桑葚多糖抗糖尿病作用相关的关键肠道菌属。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述桑葚多糖作为潜在的一种益生元在制备调节2型糖尿病引起的肠道菌群紊乱,进而改善2型糖尿病相关症状的产品中的应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
桑葚多糖在制备改善2型糖尿病药物中的应用,所述桑葚多糖的分子量分布为102.33±5kDa,8.71±1kDa和5.62±1kDa,含量分别为53.47±5%、12.40±2%、34.13±3%。
所述多糖主要由阿拉伯糖,鼠李糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸组成,其摩尔比分别为17.88±2%:7.71±1%:5.52±1%:6.69±1%:52.09±5%:6.01±1%:4.10±1%。
所述桑葚多糖是桑葚粉末通过95%乙醇脱脂、水热提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白、AB-8大孔树脂脱色、3000Da透析袋透析后经冷冻干燥获得的多糖成分。
优选地,所述水热提取是向脱脂后的桑葚滤渣中以料液比1:(5-15)w/v加水,90±10℃下边搅拌边水浴加热3±1h,重复操作1-3次后,离心收集上清提取液。
优选地,所述脱脂是向桑葚粉末中以料液比1:(2-6)w/v加入95%乙醇,70±10℃下边搅拌边水浴加热4±2h,重复操作0-2次后过滤,收集桑葚滤渣。
优选地,所述乙醇沉淀是将得到的上清提取液在55±10℃下减压浓缩后,加入无水乙醇使乙醇体积浓度达到80%以上,4℃下静置,离心收集沉淀。
优选地,所述脱蛋白是将收集的沉淀用水溶解,添加2-4倍体积的Sevag试剂,振荡、离心,收集上清液,重复此步骤直至蛋白基本除尽为止。
优选地,所述脱色是将得到的上清液于55±10℃减压浓缩除去多余的Sevag试剂后,再加入10-20倍溶液质量的AB-8大孔树脂,振荡后过滤,收集滤液,重复此步骤直至色素基本除尽为止。
优选地,所述水热提取、乙醇沉淀的离心条件均为于4500g离心10min;所述脱蛋白的振荡、离心条件为300r/min下振荡20min,然后于4500g离心10min;所述脱色的振荡条件为300r/min下振荡30min。
优选地,所述桑葚为新疆黑桑葚。
本发明以高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病小鼠为研究对象,通过动物实验验证桑葚多糖的抗糖尿病作用。
本发明利用混合抗生素清除糖尿病小鼠的肠道菌群,反面论证桑葚多糖的抗糖尿病作用依赖于肠道菌群。
本发明基于16S rRNA测序对各受试组小鼠的肠道菌群进行分析,筛选出与桑葚多糖抗糖尿病作用相关的关键肠道菌属。所述与桑葚多糖抗糖尿病作用有关的关键菌属,为增加有益菌丰度,降低有害菌丰度,具体变现为显著增加Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium丰度,减少Shigella丰度。
所述的改善2型糖尿病相关症状,包括改善口服葡萄糖耐受、胰岛素抵抗、脂质代谢异常、肝病变、胰岛损伤和肠屏障损伤。
以上所述的桑葚多糖应用于制备具有益生元功能的药物的形态,包括但不限于液体、固态、粉末、片剂、冲剂,胶囊等。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供一种桑葚多糖,其可作为益生元调节T2DM小鼠肠道菌群结构,显著促进益生菌增殖,减少有害菌丰度,共同起到辅助抗糖尿病的作用。值得注意的是:益生菌Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium丰度的显著增加及有害菌Shigella含量的明显下降可能是其发挥抗糖尿病活性的重要菌群特征。
(2)本发明桑葚多糖可以降低高血脂症状,对肝脏表现出良好的恢复和保护作用,且其在恢复脂质代谢循环方面也具有有益作用。
(3)本发明桑葚多糖制备过程简单,产物稳定,可高效大批量生产。与其他桑葚多糖调节肠道菌群研究相比,本发明利用混合抗生素反面论证桑葚多糖的抗糖尿病作用依赖于肠道菌群,且进一步缩小了菌群的筛选区域。
附图说明
图1为FMP的分子量及分布图。
图2为FMP甲醇解后三甲基硅醚衍生物的气相色谱出峰图。
图3为实施例3中各受试组小鼠肠道菌群组间差异Chao1指数。
图4为实施例3中各受试组小鼠肠道菌群组间差异Shannon指数。
图5为实施例3中各受试组小鼠肠道菌群基于门水平分析的柱状图(Top5)。
图6为实施例3中各受试组小鼠肠道菌群基于属水平分析的柱状图(Top20)。
图7为实施例4中各受试组小鼠第6周空腹血糖。
图8为实施例4中各受试组小鼠OGTT时间点及对应血糖值。
图9为实施例4中各受试组小鼠OGTT曲线下面积。
图10为实施例4中各受试组小鼠血清胰岛素水平。
图11为实施例4中各受试组小鼠HOMA-IR。
图12为实施例4中各受试组小鼠血清TC水平。
图13为实施例4中各受试组小鼠血清TG水平。
图14为实施例4中各受试组小鼠血清LDL-C水平。
图15为实施例4中各受试组小鼠血清HDL-C水平。
图16为实施例5中各受试组小鼠肝脏H&E染色图。
图17为实施例5中各受试组小鼠胰腺H&E染色图。
图18为实施例5中各受试组小鼠血清LPS水平。
图19为实施例5中各受试组小鼠血清D-LA和DAO水平。
图20为实施例5中各受试组小鼠结肠H&E染色图。
具体实施方式
为了更加简洁明了的展示本发明的技术方案、目的和优点,下面结合具体实施例和附图详细说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
以下实施例中,通常按照实验室常规条件或制造厂商的建议条件进行实验,如有特殊实验条件会另外注明。
实施例1桑葚多糖的制备
一种桑葚多糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)前处理:取500g干燥的新疆黑桑葚在55℃烘干过夜后超微粉碎,过目筛(60目)得到桑葚粉末备用;
2)脱脂:向步骤1)处理后的桑葚粉末中以料液比1:4(w/v)加入95%乙醇,70℃下边搅拌边水浴加热4h,重复操作2次后过滤,收集滤渣于55℃烘干备用;
3)热水提取:向步骤2)脱脂后的桑葚滤渣中以料液比1:10(w/v)加入去离子水,90℃下边搅拌边水浴加热3h,重复操作3次后于4500g离心10min,收集上清提取液;
4)乙醇沉淀:步骤3)中得到的提取液在55℃下减压浓缩后,加入无水乙醇使乙醇体积浓度达到80%后,4℃下静置24h,于4500g离心10min后收集沉淀;
5)脱蛋白:将步骤4)中的沉淀用去离子水溶解,添加4倍体积的Sevag试剂(氯仿:正丁醇=4:1),300r/min下振荡20min后离心(4500g,10min),收集上清液,重复此步骤直至蛋白基本除尽为止;
6)脱色:步骤5)中得到的上清液于55℃减压浓缩除去多余的Sevag试剂后,再加入15倍溶液质量的AB-8大孔树脂,300r/min下振荡30min后过滤,收集滤液,重复此步骤直至色素基本除尽为止;
7)透析:将步骤6)中脱色处理后的多糖溶液在透析袋中透析(3000Da)48h;
8)将步骤7)中透析后的多糖溶液于55℃减压浓缩,最后进行冷冻干燥,得到桑葚多糖FMP。
实施例2桑葚多糖FMP的结构特征和组成
本实施例用于确定实施例1所制备的桑葚多糖FMP的结构特征和组成。
具体方法如下:
采用苯酚-硫酸法进行FMP糖含量检测;采用硫酸-咔唑法进行FMP糖醛酸含量检测;采用考马斯亮蓝法进行FMP蛋白含量检测;采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法进行FMP分子量检测;采用气相色谱法进行FMP单糖组成检测。
结果表明,FMP的中性糖、糖醛酸和蛋白质含量分别为82.77±0.24%,13.21±0.12%和0.46±0.09%;分子量分布(图1)显示为三部分102.33kDa(53.47%),8.71kDa(12.40%)和5.62kDa(34.13%),由阿拉伯糖,鼠李糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸组成(图2),其摩尔比分别为17.88%:7.71%:5.52%:6.69%:52.09%:6.01%:4.10%。
实施例3桑葚多糖FMP对T2DM小鼠肠道菌群的影响
本实施例研究上述实施例1所制得桑葚多糖FMP对T2DM小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用。
1实验方法
1.1给药溶液的配置
抗生素饮用水(MA):0.2mg/mL P+0.2mg/mL M+0.2mg/mLC+0.1mg/mLV+0.2mg/mLN,即分别称取100mg青霉素,100mg甲硝唑,100mg克林霉素,50mg万古霉素和100mg新霉素,溶于500mL灭菌饮用水中,每天更换。
将桑葚多糖FMP溶解到生理盐水中,按照500mg/kg剂量灌胃。
1.2动物实验设计
SPF级4-5周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠60只,体重为20±2g,由广东斯嘉景达生物科技有限公司提供,上述动物均饲养于广东药科大学动物中心SPF条件实验房,通过了广东药科大学实验动物伦理委员会审查,并且实验操作与实验过程均严格遵循实验动物保护条例。
适应性饲养1周后,将其中12只小鼠分为正常对照组(NC)喂以低脂对照饲料,其余48只为实验组并喂以60%高脂饲料(购买于南通特洛菲饲料科技有限公司),各组小鼠自由饮食饮水。高脂饲料干预4周后,实验组小鼠腹腔注射120mg/kg链脲佐菌素(STZ)以建立2型糖尿病小鼠,造模成功(空腹血糖大于11.2mmol/L)后随机分为4组,即模型对照组(MC)、模型+抗生素组(MA)、桑葚多糖组(FMP)和桑葚多糖+抗生素组(AFMP),并连续灌胃6周。
1.3肠道菌群检测
给药6周后,在试验结束前,通过刺激小鼠肛门获得粪便样本,用无菌镊子收集各组小鼠粪便,放置于2mL高压灭菌的冻存管中,转存在-80℃超低温冰箱中保存。
参照E.Z.N.A.Stool DNAKit的说明书提取粪便中细菌的总DNA,选择16S rRNA的V3~V4高变区进行PCR扩增,使用带Barcode的特异性引物:338F5′-barcode-ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′和806R 5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′。根据PCR产物浓度进行等浓度混样,充分混匀后使用1×TAE浓度2%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化PCR产物,选择主带大小在400-450bp之间的序列,割胶回收目标条带,用AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit进一步纯化,用QuantiFluorTM dsDNA Assay Kit对提取的PCR产物中的DNA浓度进行定量。使用/>UltraTMDNA Library Prep Kit for lllumina建库试剂盒进行文库的构建,构建好的文库经过Qubit定量和文库检测,合格后,使用MiSeq进行上机测序。然后使用QIIME(版本1.17)对原始fastq文件进行分解并进行质量过滤。对原始数据进行拼接、过滤,得到有效数据后进行聚类和物种分类分析,得到对应的物种信息和基于物种的丰度分布情况。
2实验结果
2.1基于α多样性的各受试组小鼠肠道菌群结构差异比较
由组间差异分析的Chao1(图3)和Shannon(图4)指数柱状图可知,与NC相比,MC组小鼠的物种丰富度显著增加(P<0.001),但多样性明显下降(P<0.001),FMP增加了T2DM小鼠肠道菌群的多样性(P<0.05),且肠道菌群的丰富度有所下降并趋向于正常状态(P<0.001)。此外,研究发现与FMP组相比,抗生素干预后T2DM小鼠肠道微生物群的多样性和丰富度均急剧下降(P<0.001)。
2.2基于门水平的各受试组小鼠肠道菌群组成差异性分析
由图5可知,在门水平(Top5)上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为NC,MC和FMP组小鼠优势菌群,相对丰度之和均在99%左右。而MA组和AFMP组小鼠的肠道菌群却均以Proteobacteria占主导地位,占比高达99%以上,其它菌门的相对丰度大幅度下降(P<0.001)。以上结果表明抗生素处理造成了小鼠肠道菌群的紊乱,表明抗生素诱导的菌群紊乱小鼠模型造模成功。其中MC组相对于NC组,Firmicutes和Actinobacteria丰度降低、Bacteroidetes和Proteobacteria丰度提高。FMP干预后,丰度明显增加的细菌门类有Firmicutes、Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes,丰度明显降低的细菌门类有Proteobacteria,表明FMP对T2DM小鼠的肠道菌群产生了较明显的影响。
2.3基于属水平的各受试组小鼠肠道菌群组成差异性分析
由图6可知,在属水平(Top20)上,NC组小鼠粪便中Allobaculum、Lactobacillus和Bifidobacterium菌属的比例高达84.07%,为优势菌属。总体上,相对于NC组,MC组小鼠肠道中Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium菌属的丰度降低,Helicobacter、Desulfovibrio、Odoribacter、Enterococcus、Coprococcus、Erysipelotrichaceae_Clostridium、Adlercreutzia和Shigella菌属的丰度增高,但这些菌属变化均在补充FMP后被逆转。其中Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium的丰度分别升高了16.31%和19.07%,而Helicobacter、Desulfovibrio、Odoribacter、Enterococcus、Coprococcus、Adlercreutzia和Shigella的丰度分别降低了56.69%、6.31%、17.13%、43.42%、53.48%、50.16%和93.66%。另一方面,研究发现与FMP组相比,Allobaculum、Bifidobacterium和Shigella菌属丰度在抗生素处理后被再次逆转,其中Allobaculum和Bifidobacterium菌属丰度被抗生素完全抑制,丰度降为0,而Shigella的丰度经抗生素处理后显著上升了126.84%。
综上所述,T2DM小鼠体内肠道菌群稳态失衡,而FMP干预逆转了高脂饮食+STZ诱导的T2DM小鼠肠道菌群的紊乱,进而改善肠道菌群构成,维持肠道微生物的稳定,且抗生素诱导的菌群紊乱抑制了FMP对于T2DM小鼠肠道菌群失调状态的调节作用。
实施例4肠道菌群在桑葚多糖FMP改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢基础指标中的作用
用实施例3中的实验小鼠进行不同受试组生理指标分析,同时利用抗生素研究肠道菌群对桑葚多糖FMP改善T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。
1实验方法
1.1血糖测定
动物实验期间每周对各组小鼠的空腹血糖进行测定。血糖测定方法为:所有小鼠禁食12h,尾静脉取血,血糖仪检测并记录小鼠的空腹血糖值(FBG)。
1.2口服葡萄糖耐受实验(OGTT)
在试验结束前,各处理组小鼠禁食12h后全部按照1g/kg灌胃葡萄糖溶液,剪尾釆血,依次测定小鼠在0、30、60、90和120min的血糖值。根据血糖值绘制血糖-时间曲线变化图并计算曲线下面积(Areas under the glucose curve,AUC)。
1.3胰岛素抵抗相关指标测定
采用胰岛素(INS)Elisa试剂盒测定小鼠血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)含量并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),计算公式为如下:
HOMA-IR=(FBG×FINS)/22.5(FBG:mmol L-1,FINS:μU mL-1).
1.4血脂水平测定
采用总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)试剂盒研究FMP对2型糖尿病小鼠体内脂质代谢的影响。
2实验结果
2.1FMP对T2DM小鼠血糖及血脂的影响
第6周的空腹血糖数据(图7)显示,与MC组相比,经FMP干预后,小鼠的血糖显著降低(P<0.001)。此外,FMP组小鼠AUC-OGTT(图8-9)下降了38.27%,表明FMP可以有效抑制T2DM小鼠餐后血糖升高,改善葡萄糖耐量,具有稳定的降血糖作用。同时,与MC组相比,FMP组小鼠血清胰岛素水平(图10,P<0.001)和胰岛素抵抗指数(图11,P<0.001)显著降低,表明FMP具有缓解胰岛素抵抗的作用。结合上述结果,证实FMP可以改善HFD和STZ诱导的T2DM小鼠的葡萄糖代谢紊乱。
除了葡萄糖代谢外,本研究还检测了各实验组小鼠的血脂水平。数据显示,FMP组小鼠血清TC,TG和LDL-C水平(图12-14)分别降低了25.97%,41.30%和40.65%,HDL-C水平(图15)提高了43.16%,表明FMP可以逆转T2DM小鼠血清脂质谱的代谢紊乱,其在恢复脂质代谢循环方面也具有有益作用。但同时研究发现灌胃抗生素后FMP的这些有益作用在一定程度上被抑制,表明抗生素诱导的肠道菌群紊乱能够显著抑制FMP对T2DM小鼠糖脂代谢的改善作用。
实施例5肠道菌群在桑葚多糖FMP改善T2DM小鼠生理病变中的作用
利用实施例3中的实验小鼠进行不同受试组生理指标分析,研究肠道菌群在桑葚多糖FMP改善T2DM小鼠生理病变中的作用。
1实验方法
1.1肠黏膜损伤血清标志物测定
小鼠结肠中脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)、D-乳酸(D-lactic acid,D-LA)及二胺氧化酶(Diamine oxidase,DAO)含量采用相应的ELISA试剂盒进行检测。
1.2病理学观察
小鼠取血后,解剖取出肝脏、胰腺及结肠组织,分别剪取一部分组织于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定24h后进行苏木素-伊红染色(H&E染色)。
2实验结果
2.1FMP对T2DM小鼠肝脏的保护作用
组织病理学分析结果表明,MC组小鼠的肝脏切片出现大量白色脂肪小泡,小鼠出现一定程度的肝脏脂肪代谢障碍症状,过多的脂类物质在肝脏中积累沉积。相比之下,FMP组肝脏切片中白色脂肪小泡数量和体积均下降,肝脏细胞结构变的相对清晰和完整,表明FMP显著降低T2DM小鼠的肝脂积累和脂肪变性,对肝脏表现出良好的恢复和保护作用(图16)。然而,抗生素减弱了FMP对T2DM小鼠的上述有益效果。
2.2FMP对T2DM小鼠胰腺的保护作用
在本实验中,NC组小鼠胰岛组织胰岛清晰可见,胰岛内各类细胞形态较为正常,胞核清晰;胰岛细胞形态规则,排列整齐、分布均匀且大小均一。与NC组相比,在MC组小鼠中观察到胰岛萎缩和胰岛细胞变性坏死,部分坏死细胞结构模糊,细胞染色不均,胞核固缩、碎裂或溶解消失。然而,给药FMP后上述病理变化在不同程度上得到缓解(图17)。重要的是,研究发现在灌胃FMP的同时进行抗生素干预明显抑制了FMP对T2DM小鼠胰腺组织的修复作用。
2.3FMP改善T2DM小鼠肠黏膜损伤
众所周知,肠道菌群的失调会导致肠粘膜屏障受损,其中LPS水平的升高是包括T2DM在内的许多代谢性疾病的共同病理特征。为了探讨FMP对肠黏膜屏障的作用,我们对小鼠肠黏膜损伤的相关血清学指标进行了检测。研究发现T2DM小鼠血清中的LPS(图18)、D-LA和DAO(图19)的水平显著升高,提示存在肠黏膜损伤,而在FMP组中,小鼠血清LPS(P<0.001)、D-LA(P<0.001)和DAO(P<0.001)的水平均出现了显著的降低,说明FMP对肠道具有保护作用。从H&E染色图中,我们直观、清晰地观察到了T2DM小鼠结肠组织的部分上皮细胞中存在有不同程度的变性甚至坏死,内含大小不等的空泡,透光度增强,并伴有肠腺萎缩、胞核固缩或碎裂、肠隐窝结构变形和萎缩等,而FMP干预后缓解了上述病理变化(图20)。但同样的进行抗生素干预明显抑制了FMP对T2DM小鼠肠道的修复作用。
总之,实施例4-5己经证明,FMP对T2DM发病过程中出现的糖脂代谢异常、组织生理病变等有一定的改善作用,但被抗生素破坏肠道菌群结构后桑葚多糖FMP的改善作用减弱,表明FMP对T2DM的改善作用依赖于肠道菌群,对肠道微生物群的调节可能是其改善机制之一。另一方面,实施例2已经分析出在FMP调节的肠道菌属中,Allobaculum、Bifidobacterium和Shigella菌属的丰度在抗生素处理后被再次显著逆转。结合被抗生素破坏肠道菌群结构后FMP的改善作用减弱这一事实,我们推测以上三个菌属是FMP改善糖尿病的关键菌属。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、代替、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种药食同源桑葚中的多糖在制备预防和治疗2型糖尿病药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述多糖的分子量分布为102.33±5kDa,8.71±1kDa和5.62±1kDa,含量分别为53.47±5%、12.40±2%、34.13±3%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述多糖主要由阿拉伯糖,鼠李糖,甘露糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,半乳糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸组成,其摩尔比分别为17.88±2%:7.71±1%:5.52±1%:6.69±1%:52.09±5%:6.01±1%:4.10±1%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述多糖是桑葚粉末通过95%乙醇脱脂、水热提取、乙醇沉淀、Sevag法脱蛋白、AB-8大孔树脂脱色、3000Da透析袋透析后经冷冻干燥获得的多糖成分。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述水热提取是向脱脂后的桑葚滤渣中以料液比1:(5-15)w/v加水,90±10℃下边搅拌边水浴加热3±1h,重复操作1-3次后,离心收集上清提取液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脱脂是向桑葚粉末中以料液比1:(2-6)w/v加入95%乙醇,70±10℃下边搅拌边水浴加热4±2h,重复操作0-2次后过滤,收集桑葚滤渣。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述乙醇沉淀是将得到的上清提取液在55±10℃下减压浓缩后,加入无水乙醇使乙醇体积浓度达到80%以上,4℃下静置,离心收集沉淀。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脱蛋白是将收集的沉淀用水溶解,添加2-4倍体积的Sevag试剂,振荡、离心,收集上清液,重复此步骤直至蛋白基本除尽为止。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脱色是将得到的上清液于55±10℃减压浓缩除去多余的Sevag试剂后,再加入10-20倍溶液质量的AB-8大孔树脂,振荡后过滤,收集滤液,重复此步骤直至色素基本除尽为止。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述水热提取、乙醇沉淀的离心条件均为于4500g离心10min;所述脱蛋白的振荡、离心条件为300r/min下振荡20min,然后于4500g离心10min;所述脱色的振荡条件为300r/min下振荡30min。
10.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述桑葚为新疆黑桑葚。
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