CN116640263B - 页岩抑制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种页岩抑制剂及其制备方法,涉及油田用助剂技术领域。该抑制剂采用以下方法制备:取第一单体、第二单体和单烯基季铵盐溶于溶剂中,在40~70℃以及除氧条件下,持续反应1~6h,反应结束后,除去溶剂后对其进行分离提纯即得;其中,第一单体和单烯基季铵盐的摩尔比为1:3.5~4.0,第二单体加量为第一单体和单烯基季铵盐单体总质量的2~10%;第一单体为对苯二甲胺或1,4‑环己烷二甲胺中的至少一种,第二单体为含有两个烯键的砜类化合物。本发明的抑制剂,其和常规压裂液具有较好的配伍性,加入后不会影响压裂液的性能;同时,本发明的抑制剂,其耐温性能较好,能够耐受220℃的温度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油田用助剂技术领域,具体涉及一种耐温型页岩抑制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
在钻井过程中,随着泥页岩地层吸水,其会逐渐膨胀,伴随泥页岩膨胀的体积的增加,其阻碍了钻头下方的钻屑的移除,增加了钻柱与钻孔侧壁之间的摩擦,并导致循环损失或管堵塞,同时还会导致井壁失稳,泥页岩水化膨胀与分散导致的井壁失稳一直是油气井工程中的技术难题。
为了降低泥页岩在水基钻井液中的膨胀现象,目前通常采用如下方法:1、将水基钻井液更换为油基钻井液;2、在水基钻井液中添加能够抑制泥页岩膨胀的抑制剂。然而,对于油基钻井液来讲,其成本极高,同时还存在相应的环保问题,因此导致其使用受到限制,因此目前广泛使用的还是水基钻井液,因此,现有技术人员通常考虑在水基钻井液中加入抑制剂。
胺类抑制剂是目前较为常用的页岩抑制剂,其主要作用机理是,页岩表面通常带负电荷,其会吸附胺基;胺基能够进入黏土层间并将其中的水分子排挤出来,减小页岩对水的吸附量,同时胺类抑制剂的疏水端能够位于黏土表面,进一步阻止水进入黏土层中。特别是聚胺类抑制剂,其具有多个胺基,能够提供较多的附着位点,吸附能力更强。但是,目前的胺类抑制剂,将其加入压裂液后,对压裂液本身具有一定的影响,配伍性较差;同时其耐温性能也有待提高。
发明内容
为解决上述至少一种问题,本发明提出了一种耐温型页岩抑制剂,其和常规的压裂液具有较好的配伍性,同时其还具有较好的耐温性。
本发明的技术方案如下:一种页岩抑制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取第一单体、第二单体和单烯基季铵盐溶于溶剂中,在40~70℃以及除氧条件下,持续反应1~6h,反应结束后,除去溶剂后对其进行分离提纯即得;
其中,第一单体和单烯基季铵盐的摩尔比为1:3.5~4.0,第二单体加量为第一单体和单烯基季铵盐单体总质量的2~10%;第一单体为对苯二甲胺或1,4-环己烷二甲胺中的至少一种,第二单体为含有两个烯键的砜类化合物。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,所述溶剂为乙醇。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,所述单烯基季铵盐单体为三甲基乙烯基铵、三乙基乙烯基铵、三甲基-1-戊烯基铵中的一种。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,所述第二单体为二乙烯基砜、二烯丙基砜中的一种。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,先加入第一单体和第二单体并反应10~30min,后加入单烯基季铵盐继续反应。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,所述第一单体和所述不饱和季铵盐单体的摩尔比为1:3.6~3.8。
本发明的一种实施方式在于,所述分离提纯步骤为:在除去溶剂后的产物中加入足量水并搅拌均匀,静置待其分层后,取水相,除去水即得。
本发明的另一个目的是公开一种页岩抑制剂,其采用任一上述的方法制备而成。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的抑制剂,其和常规压裂液具有较好的配伍性,加入后不会影响压裂液的性能;同时,本发明的抑制剂,其耐温性能较好,能够耐受220℃的温度。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案和技术优点更加清楚,下面将结合实施例,对本发明的实施过程中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。
一种页岩抑制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
取第一单体、第二单体和单烯基季铵盐溶于溶剂中,在40~70℃以及除氧条件下,持续反应1~6h,反应结束后,除去溶剂后对其进行分离提纯即得;
其中,第一单体和单烯基季铵盐的摩尔比为1:3.5~4.0,第二单体加量为第一单体和单烯基季铵盐单体总质量的2~10%;第一单体为对苯二甲胺或1,4-环己烷二甲胺中的至少一种,第二单体为含有两个烯键的砜类化合物。
具体的,本发明中的单烯基季铵盐单体的作用如下:能够和第一单体进行迈克尔加成反应、能够提供季铵基团。同时,考虑到第一单体中的苯环和环己烷基团本身就属于疏水基团,因此,单烯基季铵盐单体中的疏水链不宜过长,过长则会增加产物整体的疏水性,导致其水溶性变差,难以应用于水基钻井液中。因此,本发明中,选择三甲基乙烯基铵、三乙基乙烯基铵、三甲基-1-戊烯基铵中的一种作为单烯基季铵盐单体。优选的,所述第一单体和所述不饱和季铵盐单体的摩尔比为1:3.6~3.8时,其效果相对较好。
对于第二单体,其作用如下:用于将多个第一单体和单烯键季铵盐反应后的产物进行连接,起到类似交联剂的作用,但是由于迈克尔加成反应本身的影响,其最终链长不会很长,通常较高分子量约为数千。
同时,第一单体之所以选择对苯二甲胺或1,4-环己烷二甲胺中的一种,一是其具有两个伯胺基团,能够进行多次迈克尔加成反应,二是其含有苯环或环己烷基团,具有一定的刚性,能够增加产物的疏水性和耐温耐盐性能。
以第一单体为对苯二甲胺、单烯基季铵盐单体为三甲基乙烯基氯化铵、第二单体为二乙烯基砜为例,在完全反应的状态下,主要发生以下反应:对苯二甲胺和三甲基乙烯基氯化铵的反应产物,对苯二甲胺和二乙烯基砜的聚合物(反应物),对苯二甲胺、三甲基乙烯基氯化铵和二乙烯基砜的共聚物(反应物),其中,这三类反应物都是通过迈克尔加成反应得到的。
其中,对苯二甲胺和三甲基乙烯基氯化铵的反应产物为小分子产物,通常是1摩尔对苯二甲胺和1~4摩尔三甲基乙烯基氯化铵进行反应,其具有一定的水溶性。对苯二甲胺和二乙烯基砜的反应产物可能为小分子产物,也可能为多聚物,当其为多聚物时,随着聚合度的增加,其水溶性变差甚至不具有水溶性。对苯二甲胺、三甲基乙烯基氯化铵和二乙烯基砜的反应产物可能为小分子产物,也可能为多聚物,且由于三甲基乙烯基氯化铵的加量远高于二乙烯基砜的加量,即使在多聚物中,三甲基乙烯基氯化铵的比例同样远高于二乙烯基砜的比例,因此,即使是其多聚物,仍然具有一定的水溶性。
因此,产物中的分子量有大有小,由于本发明实施例中控制了各反应物的加量,同时结合迈克尔加成反应的机理以及第一单体的结构,因此,反应物都有相应的支化程度。但是,对于部分产物,比如对苯二甲胺和二乙烯基砜的聚合物(反应物),其基本不具有水溶性,因此难以作为页岩抑制剂,因此在后续过程中需要通过分离提纯步骤将其除去。
将不具有水溶性的产物除去的方法有很多,比如常用的溶剂萃取法等等,本发明中,基于这些产物的溶解性,设计了一种简化版的萃取法:在除去溶剂后的产物中,加入足量的水,此处所指“足量的水”,是指能够完全溶解产物中水溶性部分的水,通常是产物总体积的10~15倍左右,加水后进行搅拌,使得水溶性产物尽可能的溶于水中,随后静置使其分层,分层后,取水相,后除去水相中的水即可。该简化版的萃取法,无需加入油相,仅采用水相即可,成本相对更低。
对于上述操作中的溶剂来讲,其和常规对溶剂的要求相同:三种反应原料均能够在溶剂中进行溶解。满足这些条件的溶剂有很多,比如四氢呋喃、乙醇等,从后续过程中的除去难度、获得难度以及成本来讲,优选乙醇。
同时,之所以要在萃取前除去溶剂,是由于本发明中采用的溶剂为乙醇,如果不除去乙醇,则部分非水溶性产物会溶解在水相中,导致最终产物和水基钻井液的配伍性较差。
对于第二单体,其作用类似于交联剂,同时,考虑到分子链越长,其水溶性越差的特性,通常要求第二单体具有一定的水溶性,因此,第二单体优选为二乙烯基砜、二烯丙基砜中的一种。
从上可知,要使得第二单体能够起到相应的作用,通常要求,当第二单体和第一单体反应时,在第一单体中还具有部分能够发生反应的伯胺或者仲胺基团,这样的反应产物中,油溶性产物更少,因此,在实际操作过程中,优选先将第一单体和第二单体反应10~30min后,至少部分第二单体和第一单体反应后,再加入单烯基季铵盐进行反应,在这样的情况下,第一单体、第二单体和单烯基季铵盐三者共聚的产物相对更多。当然由于第二单体的量相对较少且优先反应时间较短,因此,最终产物中,还具有较多的第一单体和单烯基季铵盐的反应物。
通过上述方法制得的抑制剂,其耐温性好,和常规压裂液的配伍性能较好,同时具有较好的页岩抑制效果。
为了进一步说明本发明的方法,下面采用具体的例子进行说明。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1
取13.6g对苯二甲胺和1.7g二乙烯基砜加入500ml乙醇中,搅拌使其溶解,在60℃以及通氮除氧的条件下反应15min,后加入44.8g三甲基乙烯基氯化铵,在持续搅拌、60℃以及除氧条件下继续反应3h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇;在产物中加入600ml水(约为产物的13倍),摇匀后静置使其分层,获取水相,减压蒸馏除去水即得。
实施例2
取13.6g对苯二甲胺和1.7g二乙烯基砜加入500ml乙醇中,搅拌使其溶解,在45℃以及通氮除氧的条件下反应15min,后加入47.8g三甲基乙烯基氯化铵,在持续搅拌、60℃以及除氧条件下继续反应5h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇;在产物中加入600ml水,摇匀后静置使其分层,获取水相,减压蒸馏除去水即得。
实施例3
取14.2g 1,4-环己烷二甲胺和4.8g二乙烯基砜加入500ml乙醇中,搅拌使其溶解,在60℃以及通氮除氧的条件下反应15min,后加入44.8g三甲基乙烯基氯化铵,在持续搅拌、60℃以及除氧条件下继续反应3h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇;在产物中加入600ml水,摇匀后静置使其分层,获取水相,减压蒸馏除去水即得。
实施例4
取13.6g对苯二甲胺、44.8g三甲基乙烯基氯化铵和1.7g二乙烯基砜加入500ml乙醇中,搅拌使其溶解,在持续搅拌、60℃以及除氧条件下继续反应3h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇;在产物中加入600ml水,摇匀后静置使其分层,获取水相,减压蒸馏除去水即得。
对比例1
取13.6g对苯二甲胺和44.8g三甲基乙烯基氯化铵加入500ml乙醇中,搅拌使其溶解,在持续搅拌、60℃以及除氧条件下继续反应3h,反应结束后,减压蒸馏除去乙醇。
为了进一步说明上述实施例中制得的页岩抑制剂的效果,下面对以上制得的页岩抑制剂进行测试。
1、配伍性
参照《SY/T 5971-2016油气田压裂酸化及注水用粘土稳定剂性能评价方法》中的方法测试其在瓜胶压裂液中的配伍性能,最终测试结果如表1所示。其中,瓜胶压裂液基液的组成为0.4%的羟丙基瓜胶、0.1%的甲醛、0.2%的助排剂ME-2、0.05%的碳酸钠、0.1%的杀菌剂SK-1。采用旋转粘度计测量其粘度,剪切速率为170s-1。最终测试结果如表1所示。
表1配伍性测试
样品 | 浓度wt% | 粘度mPs·s |
实施例1 | 0.5 | 69.7 |
实施例2 | 0.5 | 68.6 |
实施例3 | 0.5 | 71.4 |
实施例4 | 0.5 | 70.5 |
空白 | —— | 68.4 |
从表1可知,本发明实施例的抑制剂,其和现有的常见瓜胶压裂液的配伍性能好。实质上,由于篇幅的限制,发明人并未将所有实验结果都给出,但是经过发明人的实验发现,本发明实施例的抑制剂和丙烯酰胺类压裂液、黄原胶类压裂液的配伍性都很好。
2、防膨率
参照《SY/T 5971-2016油气田压裂酸化及注水用粘土稳定剂性能评价方法》中的方法测试其防膨率,具体为:取0.50g钠基膨润土加入试管中,同时加入10ml抑制剂溶液,摇匀,静置2小时,后在1500r/min条件下离心15min,读出钠基膨润土的体积V1;取0.50g钠基膨润土加入试管中,同时加入10ml水,摇匀,静置2小时,后在1500r/min条件下离心15min,读出钠基膨润土的体积V2;取0.50g钠基膨润土加入试管中,同时加入10ml煤油,摇匀,静置2小时,后在1500r/min条件下离心15min,读出钠基膨润土的体积V0。
其防膨率的计算公式为:
最终其防膨率测试结果如表2所示。
表2防膨率测试结果
从表2可知,本发明实施例的抑制剂,其加量为0.5%时,防膨率即可达到82%以上,说明其具有较好的防膨性能;当其加量逐渐上升时,虽然防膨率也持续上升,但是上升幅度较小,因此,考虑成本以及效果,加量优选为0.5%。
参见对比例1,其和实施例1相比,区别在于未添加二乙烯基砜,但是其最终防膨率相对较低,且添加量为1.5%时,仍然不能够达到较好的效果。
3、滚动回收率
取上述实施例和对比例的页岩抑制剂,用清水配置成不同浓度的抑制剂,采用石油天然气行业标准SY/T6335-1997《钻井液用页岩抑制剂评价方法》中公开的方法,测量其滚动回收率,最终测试结果如表3所示。
表3滚动回收率
从表3可知,本发明实施例的抑制剂,其滚动回收率较高,且能够耐受220℃的温度。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种页岩抑制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
取第一单体、第二单体和单烯基季铵盐溶于溶剂中,在40~70℃以及除氧条件下,持续反应1~6h,反应结束后,除去溶剂后对其进行分离提纯即得;
其中,第一单体和单烯基季铵盐的摩尔比为1:3.5~4.0,第二单体加量为第一单体和单烯基季铵盐单体总质量的2~10%;第一单体为对苯二甲胺或1,4-环己烷二甲胺中的至少一种,第二单体为含有两个烯键的砜类化合物;
所述分离提纯步骤为:在除去溶剂后的产物中加入足量水并搅拌均匀,静置待其分层后,取水相,除去水即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂为乙醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述单烯基季铵盐单体为三甲基乙烯基铵、三乙基乙烯基铵、三甲基-1-戊烯基铵中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二单体为二乙烯基砜、二烯丙基砜中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,先加入第一单体和第二单体并反应10~30min,后加入单烯基季铵盐继续反应。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一单体和所述单烯基季铵盐单体的摩尔比为1:3.6~3.8。
7.一种页岩抑制剂,其采用权利要求1~6任一所述的方法制备而成。
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Effective date of registration: 20240401 Address after: No. 1, Industrial Second Road, Yangxin County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, 251800, No. 13, Row 16 Applicant after: Han Wei Country or region after: China Address before: No. 2306-6, 23rd Floor, Shimao Building, No. 99 Mengzhuiwan Cross Street, Chenghua District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, 610000 Applicant before: Smart Oil Service Technology (Chengdu) Co.,Ltd. Country or region before: China |
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