CN116589996A - 一种脂质体高凝稠油驱油剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇、胆酸钠、N‑烷基‑β‑胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠为主要原料制备脂质体高凝稠油驱油剂的方法。本发明首先将油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇溶于甲醇/丙酮/石油醚的混合溶液中；将胆酸钠、N‑烷基‑β‑胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠溶解于50℃的清水中；然后将两者混合，超声分散，得到乳白色胶体溶液。该胶体溶液能够显著降低含蜡原油的凝点，并能够分散、乳化原油，降低体系的粘度，且能大大提高高凝点原油的采收率，制备工艺可靠，提供了一种高凝稠油驱油剂的制备方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属油田采油助剂领域，特别是涉及一种由油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇、胆酸钠、N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠为主要原料制备的脂质体高凝稠油驱油剂的方法。
背景技术
由于高凝点原油的凝点高，且对温度具有极高的敏感性，在原油的开采和输送过程中，随着热量的损失，流体温度逐渐降低，一旦温度降低至原油凝点温度。高凝点原油中的饱和烷烃随即聚集形成蜡晶，进而使原油凝固。因此降低原油凝点、改善其流动性是高凝点原油开采的主要方法。现有的各种降凝剂包括聚乙烯-乙烯乙酸酯、聚丙烯酸十八酯等均为油溶性化合物，在作业过程中需要大量有机溶剂溶解，不但增加了成本，还为环境带来污染。因此一种清洁环保的水基高凝点原油高效驱油剂是当前高凝点原油生产急需的。
本发明以油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇、胆酸钠、N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠为主要原料制备了一种脂质体高凝稠油驱油剂，不但清洁环保，同时具有优秀的原油降凝和驱油能力。这种水基脂质体高凝点原油驱油剂与原油接触后脂质体与原油融合，释放出的油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇、胆酸钠可以扰乱原油中长链饱和烷烃的有序聚集，降低原油的凝点；同时其中的N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠将原油分散乳化成表面亲水的油滴，形成了水包油型乳液，降低了流体的粘度，提高了原油的采收率。
发明内容
本发明首先将油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇溶于甲醇/丙酮/石油醚的混合溶液中；将胆酸钠、N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠溶于50℃的清水中；然后将两者混合，超声分散，得到乳白色胶体溶液。该胶体溶液能够显著降低含蜡原油的凝点，并能够分散、乳化原油，降低体系的粘度，且能大大提高高凝点原油的采收率，制备工艺可靠，提供了一种高凝稠油驱油剂的制备方法。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将6.0克油酸酰胺和2.0克大豆甾醇以次加入200毫升甲醇/丙酮/石油醚(体积比为2；1:7)混合溶剂中，搅拌1小时，得淡黄色透明均匀液体，待用；
(2)将4.0克胆酸钠、12.0克N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和21.0克壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠以次加入1000毫升蒸馏水中，搅拌并加热至50℃，继续搅拌2小时，得到均匀透明溶液，冷却中室温备用；
(3)在连续搅拌下将上述(1)中得到的淡黄色透明均匀液体用注射器缓慢注射到(2)中得到的溶液中，然后置于超声器中超声振荡1小时(40khz，25℃)，得到一种半透明胶体溶液。
实施例2
取实施例1中所得到的半透明胶体溶液30ml移入100mL三口烧瓶中，在70℃下保持2小时，将胶体溶液中的甲醇、丙酮和石油醚挥发至恒重；取500ml蒸馏水稀释，然后将稀释后的样品装入聚苯乙烯比色皿中，采用Nano-ZS90型粒径分析仪进行测定，散射角为90°，测定脂质体的粒径，所得脂质体平均粒径为106nm。
实施例3
取实施例1中所得到的半透明胶体溶液50ml注入50ml无色玻璃瓶中，密封，分别在5℃、25℃和40℃条件下，贮藏30天、60天和90天，然后按实施例2同样方法测定脂质体的平均粒径，结果见表1.。
表1不同温度下储存不同时间后脂质体的粒径
实施例4
分别采样3种不同凝点的原油，使用NRNQ-1003凝点倾点测定仪(淄博纳瑞仪器有限公司)，参照中国石油天然气行业标准SY/T 0514-2009分别测定其凝点；将实施例1中得到的胶体溶液用自来水稀释10倍，备用；分别取上述3种不同凝点的原油样品200g，加入不同量的上述稀释的胶体溶液，在60℃下搅拌3小时，静止24小时后取上部油样，按上述同样方法测定处理后的原油凝点，分别重复试验3次，取平均值。结果见表2～6。
表2不同原油的凝点降低值(原油/药剂：200g+5g)
| 原油样品编号 | 原始凝点，℃ | 处理后凝点，℃ | 凝点降低值，℃ |
| 1# | 42.6 | 35.1 | 7.5 |
| 2# | 28.8 | 23.5 | 5.3 |
| 3# | 15.3 | 12.6 | 2.7 |
表3不同原油的凝点降低值(原油/药剂：200g+10g)
| 原油样品编号 | 原始凝点，℃ | 处理后凝点，℃ | 凝点降低值，℃ |
| 1# | 42.6 | 31.8 | 10.8 |
| 2# | 28.8 | 19.2 | 9.6 |
| 3# | 15.3 | 9.0 | 6.3 |
表4不同原油的凝点降低值(原油/药剂200g+15g)
| 原油样品编号 | 原始凝点，℃ | 处理后凝点，℃ | 凝点降低值，℃ |
| 1# | 42.6 | 27.4 | 15.2 |
| 2# | 28.8 | 14.5 | 14.3 |
| 3# | 15.3 | 6.5 | 8.8 |
表5不同原油的凝点降低值(原油/药剂：200g+20g)
| 原油样品编号 | 原始凝点，℃ | 处理后凝点，℃ | 凝点降低值，℃ |
| 1# | 42.6 | 24.7 | 17.9 |
| 2# | 28.8 | 12.2 | 16.6 |
| 3# | 15.3 | 3.8 | 11.5 |
表6不同原油的凝点降低值(原油/药剂：200g+25g)
| 原油样品编号 | 原始凝点，℃ | 处理后凝点，℃ | 凝点降低值，℃ |
| 1# | 42.6 | 21.1 | 21.5 |
| 2# | 28.8 | 9.5 | 19.3 |
| 3# | 15.3 | 2.1 | 13.2 |
实施例5
分别采样实施例4同样的3种不同凝点的原油，密封后置于45℃水浴锅中恒温4小时，用DV-II型Brookfield粘度计(美国博雷飞)测量原油粘度。按同样方法分别测定55℃温度下三种原油的粘度；
分别称取140g上述三种不同凝点的原油，加入60g自来水稀释10倍的实施例1所得的胶体溶液，分别置入45℃和55℃的恒温水浴锅中，恒温2小时，转速为50r/min搅拌5分钟，然后测定原油被乳化后的体系粘度，并观察油水分层至界面清晰时所需时间，结果见表7和表8.。
表7药剂对不同原油的降粘率(45℃)
表8药剂对不同原油的降粘率(55℃)
实施例6
室温条件下，将人工模拟岩心((D×L：2.5cm×10cm、孔隙度：27％、渗透率:865mDc)抽真空，饱和地层水(矿化度为52000mg/l，氯化钙型)，升温至50℃，保温3小时，然后分别用实施例4中的1#、2#和3#原油饱和岩心(含油饱和度为75％)，保温24小时，备用；以3ml/min的泵速注入温度为50℃的模拟地层水(矿化度为18500mg/l，氯化钙型)60ml，进行水驱，收集驱出液，分离出原油，称重，计算水驱采收率；静止24小时后，按同样的方法注入稀释10倍的实施例1所得胶体溶液30g，进行药剂驱，收集驱出液，破乳，分离出原油，称重，计算药剂驱采收率。按上述同样方法进行70℃温度下的水驱和药剂驱。结果见表9和10。
表9 50℃的采收率
| 原油样品编号 | 热水驱采收率，％ | 药剂驱采收率提高值，％ |
| 1# | 42.3 | 11.4 |
| 2# | 57.2 | 13.5 |
| 3# | 65.8 | 15.2 |
表10 70℃的采收率
| 原油样品编号 | 热水驱采收率，％ | 药剂驱采收率提高值，％ |
| 1# | 60.6 | 19.7 |
| 2# | 67.3 | 21.2 |
| 3# | 71.5 | 23.8 |
Claims (1)
1.一种由油酸酰胺、大豆甾醇、胆酸钠、N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠为主要原料制备脂质体高凝稠油驱油剂的方法，包括下列步骤：
(1)将6.0克油酸酰胺和2.0克大豆甾醇以此加入200毫升甲醇/丙酮/石油醚(体积比为2；1:7)混合溶剂中，搅拌1小时，得淡黄色透明均匀液体，待用；
(2)将4.0克胆酸钠、12.0克N-烷基-β-胺基丙酰二乙醇胺和21.0克壬基酚聚氧乙烯(12)醚磷酸单酯二钠以此加入1000毫升蒸馏水中，搅拌并加热至50℃，继续搅拌2小时，得到均匀透明溶液，冷却中室温备用；
(3)在连续搅拌下将上述(1)中得到的淡黄色透明均匀液体用注射器缓慢注射到(2)中得到的溶液中，然后置于超声器中超声振荡1小时(40khz，25℃)，得到一种半透明胶体溶液。
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