CN116569813A - Sandy ecological slope protection base material based on EICP technology and high-calcium fly ash and use method - Google Patents
Sandy ecological slope protection base material based on EICP technology and high-calcium fly ash and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116569813A CN116569813A CN202310415368.3A CN202310415368A CN116569813A CN 116569813 A CN116569813 A CN 116569813A CN 202310415368 A CN202310415368 A CN 202310415368A CN 116569813 A CN116569813 A CN 116569813A
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- sandy
- fly ash
- slope protection
- calcium fly
- urease
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 101000965313 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (strain Philadelphia 1 / ATCC 33152 / DSM 7513) Aconitate hydratase A Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000669 biting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001089 mineralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on an EICP technology and high-calcium fly ash and a use method thereof, wherein the high-calcium fly ash is used as a calcium source in the EICP technology, so that the recycling utilization of the high-calcium fly ash is fully realized, the problem of poor stability is solved, the characteristic of slow coagulation speed is utilized to give full growth time to plants in the sandy ecological slope protection substrate, the principle that calcium is separately applied from urea-urease solution is adopted, the application difficulty is reduced, the full hydration time of the high-calcium fly ash is simultaneously given, and calcium ions are fully separated out to combine with the urea-urease solution, so that the crystallization and slope protection effects are enhanced. The invention utilizes ammonium ions generated by urea hydrolysis by urease to be combined with the habitat substrate modifier, improves the alkaline environment of the sandy ecological slope protection substrate, ensures that the sandy ecological slope protection substrate is relatively suitable for plant growth, and accelerates the ecological slope protection process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slope ecological protection, and particularly relates to a sandy ecological slope protection base material based on an EICP technology and high-calcium fly ash and a use method thereof.
Background
Along with the wide promotion of the infrastructure engineering in the whole country, the ecological environment along the way is seriously broken and fast, so that a large-area vegetation-free covered bare side slope is formed, and engineering slope protection and/or ecological slope protection and other means are needed to be utilized in order to ensure the stability of the side slope and prevent the wind bloom of the slope rock soil body from peeling or damaging and dangerous rock collapse. However, ecological slope protection engineering is often located in hilly areas of high mountain, and due to low weathering degree, most of surrounding planting soil is sandy planting soil with high sand content. The sand planting soil particles have large particle size and small specific surface area, and the large pores lead to weak interlocking and biting effects, low cohesive force and poor erosion resistance among the prepared sand ecological slope protection substrate solid particles, so that water soil loss is very easy to occur, and the long-acting requirements of rough management and self-maintenance of ecological slope protection engineering cannot be met.
At present, two methods of microorganism-induced calcium carbonate deposition (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation, MICP) and urease-induced calcium carbonate deposition (Enzyme Induced Calcite Precipitation, EICP) are mainly adopted to solve the problems, and the MICP technology utilizes certain specific microorganisms to hydrolyze organic matters (such as urea) and the hydrolysis products are combined with calcium ions to generate carbonate with a bonding effect, so that loose non-bonded or weakly bonded particles are bonded together to form a whole with certain strength; and EICP directly hydrolyzes urea by urease to generate calcium carbonate solidified soil. Both of these techniques have been extensively studied and widely used. Soil solidification experiments based on the two technologies are carried out, such as Li Huandi, and the calcium carbonate induced by bacillus pasteurizer and urease has good soil solidification effect although the crystal forms are different, wherein the treatment effect of the bacillus pasteurizer is better than that of the urease (Li Huandi, etc., the soil solidification experimental study based on MICP and EICP technologies); chinese patent CN 115032365A discloses a soil body reinforcing research method and application based on improved EICP technology, which is based on EICP technology, adding mineralizing liquid and carbon fiber to effectively enhance permeability coefficient, cohesion, density, thermal conductivity coefficient, unconfined compressive strength of soil body; chinese patent CN 114752390a discloses a coast sand fixing agent and method, based on EICP technology, omits the cultivation work of a large number of bacteria, and makes the beach surface layer solidified into a hard shell layer with a certain strength, improves the shearing strength of beach, increases the overall stability of beach, and the hard shell layer formed has slow permeation effect, which is beneficial to the grass seed growth in the later period of beach treatment.
However, the EICP technology is mainly adopted to protect, and substances such as finished calcium chloride, calcium acetate and the like are mainly adopted as calcium sources, but the calcium sources have higher protection cost and cannot be popularized and applied on a large scale. The high-calcium fly ash is an industrial solid waste with higher free CaO content discharged from a thermal power plant and is usually used as a concrete additive, but the free CaO is too much, the hydration process can expand, so that the problems of poor stability, slow setting speed and the like of concrete are solved, the high-calcium fly ash is difficult to be industrially utilized on a large scale and is accumulated in a large quantity, not only is the resource waste caused, but also the environmental protection treatment is difficult due to the alkaline problem of the high-calcium fly ash.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the sandy ecological slope protection base material based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash and the use method thereof, and the reaction of free CaO in the high-calcium fly ash and the product of urease hydrolysis urea is utilized to generate calcium carbonate solidified soil, so that the stability of the slope soil is improved, the high-calcium fly ash is recycled, and the environmental protection pressure is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on an EICP technology and high-calcium fly ash, which consists of 100-120 parts of planting soil, 40-60 parts of high-calcium fly ash, 4-6 parts of organic materials, 3-4 parts of a habitat substrate modifier and 8-32 parts of urea-urease mixed solution.
Preferably, the urea-urease mixed solution is prepared by mixing urea solution and urease solution according to a volume ratio of 1:1.
Further preferably, the concentration of the urea solution is 0.05mol/L and the concentration of the urease solution is 20-60g/L.
Further preferably, the preparation method of the urease solution comprises the steps of baking commercial soybeans at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, taking out, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, preparing the solution according to the concentration of 20-60g/L, standing for 1 hour, and filtering to keep supernatant, namely the urease solution.
Preferably, the planting soil is sandy planting soil.
Preferably, the high-calcium fly ash is from a general thermal power plant, the free calcium oxide content of the high-calcium fly ash is 30-35%, the particle size of the high-calcium fly ash is 10-200 meshes, the water demand ratio is 80-100%, and the content of sulfur trioxide is 15-20%.
Preferably, the organic material is one or more of pine sawdust, poplar sawdust, rice husk, corn stalk and flax stalk, and is crushed, air-dried and air-dried until the water content is lower than 10%, and then sieved with a 10-mesh sieve for standby
Preferably, the habitat base material modifier is a greening additive, and the greening additive is provided by Hubei Shangzhi ecological technology limited company, belongs to a patent achievement transfer product of university of three gorges, and has the application number of CN01138343.7.
The invention also provides a using method of the sandy ecological slope protection base material based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing organic materials, and mixing the organic materials with sandy planting soil in proportion;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with the high-calcium fly ash and the habitat substrate modifier in proportion, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a material 1;
(3) Weighing quantitative water from the material 1 in the step (2) according to the required water content, and fully stirring to ensure that the water content is the same everywhere to obtain a material 2;
(4) Uniformly spraying the material 2 obtained in the step (3) on a slope by using a spraying machine;
(5) Preparing a urease solution, and mixing the urease solution with the urea solution according to a proportion to prepare a urea-urease mixed solution;
(6) And (3) after spraying the material 2 for 8-15 days, pouring the urea-urease mixed solution prepared in the step (5) on a side slope by means of a pouring system, so as to finish the preparation and the protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
The dosage of the quantitative water in the step (3) is 30-40% of that of the material 1; the spraying amount of the material 2 in the step (4) is 200-280kg/m 2 。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the EICP technology is utilized, the interlocking and biting effect among the solid particles is provided, a stable cementing agent is generated to be wrapped on soil particles, and small particles after wrapping are filled in the pores of large particles, so that the base materials are bonded into a whole, and the strength and the water retention performance of the base materials are improved; meanwhile, urease from beans is combined as a raw material, so that the cost and the acquisition difficulty of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are reduced, ammonium ions generated by urea hydrolysis by the urease are absorbed by plants on one hand, and on the other hand, the alkaline environment of the base material is improved by the ammonium ions, and the alkaline environment caused by adding high-calcium fly ash into the sandy ecological slope protection base material is reduced, so that the sandy ecological slope protection base material is relatively suitable for the growth of plants.
2. The invention takes the high-calcium fly ash as the sandy ecological slope protection substrate, fully utilizes the free CaO therein, does not need to consider the influence of stability, fully utilizes the advantage of low coagulation speed to enable plants in the sandy ecological slope protection substrate to fully grow, finds a new ecological use for the high-calcium fly ash, realizes recycling and reduces environmental protection pressure; meanwhile, calcium hydroxide is generated after CaO in the composite material meets water, so that the composite material can play roles of binding soil particles and reducing pores, and the strength of the base material is enhanced when the EICP technology is not used in the early stage.
3. The invention uses the high-calcium fly ash as a calcium source, avoids common liquid calcium source CaCl 2 、Ca(CH 3 COO) 2 Etc., reduce CaCl 2 Generated Cl - It is possible to risk rusting the reinforcing material in the geotechnical reinforcement structure while reducing costs. And a large amount of high-calcium fly ash is used as a calcium source, so that the harm to the environment is reduced, and the environment-friendly requirement is met.
4. According to the invention, the material containing the high-calcium fly ash and the urea-urease solution are separately applied, on one hand, the high-calcium fly ash is given for a sufficient time to carry out hydration process, so that calcium ions are fully separated out, and meanwhile, the activity of the urea-urease solution is ensured, so that the urea-urease solution keeps activity and is fully combined with the separated-out calcium ions, the crystallization effect is improved, and the protection effect is enhanced.
5. The invention adopts pine sawdust, poplar sawdust, rice hulls, corn straw, flax straw and other substances as organic materials after being crushed and air-dried, thereby increasing the fertility of soil, and the organic materials are hydrated after being applied, and can not become fibers, so that the difficulty of spraying and sowing the materials is reduced.
6. The urea-urease solution is applied by adopting a watering system, so that the implementation cost and difficulty are reduced, and the management is convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of curing sand particles and protecting a side slope from solid waste by adopting an EICP technology in the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention shall be defined by the claims. Modifications and substitutions made by those skilled in the art without the inventive effort fall within the scope of the present invention.
Preparing a solution:
preparation of urease solution: baking commercial soybean at 40deg.C for 6 hr, taking out, pulverizing, sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain soybean powder, respectively dissolving soybean powder of different quality in water, stirring, standing for 1 hr, and filtering to obtain supernatant to obtain urease solutions with concentrations of 20g/L, 40g/L and 60g/L;
preparation of urea solution: dissolving commercially available urea in water to prepare urea solutions with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, 0.1mol/L and 0.15mol/L respectively;
habitat substrate modifier: is provided by Hubei Shangzhi ecological science and technology limited company, belongs to the patent achievement transfer product of the university of three gorges, and has the application number of CN01138343.7.
In the following examples, the high-calcium fly ash is derived from a large Tang group Yunnan-Kai far-heat power plant, the content of free calcium oxide is 30-35%, the particle size is 10-200 meshes, the water demand ratio is 80-100%, and the content of sulfur trioxide is 15-20%; pine sawdust, poplar sawdust, rice hulls, corn stalks and flax stalks are all common commercial products.
The slope for protection is selected as a mountain area with a slope of about 45 degrees and little vegetation coverage, and the slope is seriously exposed and landslide phenomenon can occur due to the fact that the road is constructed and excavated, so that the slope is attractive in appearance, the road is easy to cover by the sliding soil, and the mountain area is sandy soil.
Example 1
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) Mixing the mixture with 50kg of high-calcium fly ash and 4kg of habitat substrate modifier to obtain a material 1;
(4) 45kg of quantitative water is added into the material 1, and the mixture is fully stirred to ensure that the water content of each part is the same, so as to obtain a material 2;
(5) The material 2 is sprayed on the slope and the spraying machine is used to ensure that the content of the material 2 on the slope is 200-280kg/m 2 Between them;
(6) Mixing a urease solution with the concentration of 20g/L with a urea solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a urea-urease solution;
(7) After 10 days of spray seeding of the material 2, 8L of urea-urease solution is uniformly irrigated by an irrigation system, so that the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed.
Example 2
The method and the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed only by changing the concentration of the urease solution in the step (6) to 40g/L and changing the concentration of the urea solution to 0.1 mol/L.
Example 3
The method and the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed only by changing the concentration of the urease solution in the step (6) to 60g/L and changing the concentration of the urea solution to 0.15 mol/L.
Example 4
The method and the steps are the same as in the example 1, and the concentration of the urea solution in the step (6) is changed to 0.1mol/L; the amount of urea-urease solution in step (7) was changed to 16L.
Example 5
The method and the steps are the same as in example 1, and the concentration of the urease solution in the step (6) is changed to 60g/L; and (3) changing the dosage of the urea-urease solution in the step (7) into 24L to finish the preparation and the protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
Example 6
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) Mixing the mixture with 40kg of high-calcium fly ash and 4kg of habitat substrate modifier to obtain a material 1;
(4) 45kg of quantitative water is added into the material 1, and the mixture is fully stirred to ensure that the water content of each part is the same, so as to obtain a material 2;
(5) The material 2 is sprayed on the slope and the spraying machine is used to ensure that the content of the material 2 on the slope is 200-280kg/m 2 Between them;
(6) Mixing a urease solution with the concentration of 60g/L with a urea solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a urea-urease solution;
(7) After 10 days of spray seeding of the material 2, taking 16L of urea-urease solution, and uniformly irrigating by using an irrigation system to finish the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
Example 7
The method and the steps are the same as those in the example 6, and the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed by changing the dosage of the high-calcium fly ash in the step (3) into 60 kg.
Example 8
The method and the steps are the same as those in the example 6, the dosage of the high-calcium fly ash in the step is changed to 50kg, the dosage of the ecological base material modifier is changed to 3kg, and the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed.
Comparative example 1
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil, 4kg of habitat substrate modifier and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a material;
(3) Adding 30kg of quantitative water into the materials, fully stirring to ensure that the water content of all parts is the same, and then utilizing a spray seeder to spray and spray the materials on the side slope to ensure that the content of the materials on the side slope is 200-280kg/m 2 And the preparation and the protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed.
Comparative example 2
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil, 4kg of habitat substrate modifier, 50kg of high-calcium fly ash and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a material;
(3) Adding 45kg of quantitative water into the materials, fully stirring to ensure that the water content of all parts is the same, and then utilizing a spray seeder to spray and spray the materials on the side slope to ensure that the content of the materials on the side slope is 200-280kg/m 2 And the preparation and the protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed.
Comparative example 3
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil, 4kg of habitat substrate modifier and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a material;
(3) Adding 30kg of quantitative water into the materials, fully stirring to ensure that the water content of all parts is the same, and then utilizing a spray seeder to spray and spray the materials on the side slope to ensure that the content of the materials on the side slope is 200-280kg/m 2 Between them.
(4) Mixing a urease solution with the concentration of 60g/L with a urea solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a urea-urease solution; and after 10 days of spray seeding, a 16L urea-urease solution is uniformly irrigated by an irrigation system, so that the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed.
Comparative example 4
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) Mixing the mixture with 10kg of high-calcium fly ash and 1kg of habitat substrate modifier to obtain a material 1;
(4) Adding 35kg of quantitative water into the material 1, and fully stirring to ensure that the water content of all parts is the same, thereby obtaining a material 2;
(5) The material 2 is sprayed on the slope and the spraying machine is used to ensure that the content of the material 2 on the slope is 200-280kg/m 2 Between them;
(6) Mixing a urease solution with the concentration of 10g/L with a urea solution with the concentration of 0.02mol/L according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a urea-urease solution;
(7) After 10 days of spray seeding of the material 2, taking 16L of urea-urease solution, and uniformly irrigating by using an irrigation system to finish the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
Comparative example 5
(1) Mixing and crushing rice hulls, pine sawdust and corn stalks, air-drying until the water content is lower than 10%, and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain an organic material for later use;
(2) Taking 100kg of sandy planting soil and 6kg of organic material obtained in the step (1), and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(3) Mixing the mixture with 100kg of high-calcium fly ash and 10kg of habitat substrate modifier to obtain a material 1;
(4) Adding 60kg of quantitative water into the material 1, and fully stirring to ensure that the water content of all parts is the same, thereby obtaining a material 2;
(5) The material 2 is sprayed on the slope and the spraying machine is used to ensure that the content of the material 2 on the slope is 200-280kg/m 2 Between them;
(6) Mixing 100g/L urease solution with 1.00mol/L urea solution according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain urea-urease solution;
(7) After 10 days of spray seeding of the material 2, taking 16L of urea-urease solution, and uniformly irrigating by using an irrigation system to finish the preparation and the protection use of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
And (3) result detection:
after the preparation and protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are completed for 30 days, sampling is carried out by using a cutting ring, and the dry density, the water retention property, the shear strength and the porosity are all measured by adopting a common geotechnical test method, wherein the shear strength is measured under the condition that the normal stress is 100 kPa; the disintegration coefficient is measured by a freeze water disintegration method; the nutrient retention adopts a column leaching test, the performance and the protection effect of the sandy ecological slope protection base material are detected, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 Performance and protective Effect of different Components for preparing sandy ecological slope protection base Material
The data in table 1 shows that: compared with comparative example 1, the sandy ecological slope protection base material prepared by the invention has the pH value within an acceptable range, the dry density is improved by 1.13-2.26%, the disintegration is improved by 134.58-147.80%, the cohesive force is improved by 49.6-102.2%, the internal friction angle is improved by 2.6-17.6%, the shear strength is improved by 37.65-61.71%, the porosity is reduced by 6.61-12.80%, the water retention is improved by 61.4-72.7%, and the nutrient holding capacity is improved by 125.2-186.0%, so that the invention adopts the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash to realize the resource utilization of the high-calcium fly ash, simultaneously can solidify the slope soil together, enhance the cohesive force, avoid water and soil loss, and can also realize long-term self-maintenance under the wide-range jurisdiction and realize the effective protection of the slope. Comparative example 2 does not use EICP technology, only high-calcium fly ash is added, and the disintegration coefficient, cohesion, water retention, shear strength and nutrient retention rate of the ruier are obviously increased, but the pH value is obviously increased, which is unfavorable for the growth of plants on the slope, so that the slope protection cannot be effectively realized by only adding high-calcium fly ash. Comparative example 3 was not added with high calcium fly ash, and was only irrigated with urea-urease solution, but since there were few free calcium sources in nature, effective slope protection could not be achieved, thus indicating that EICP technology relies on the addition of exogenous calcium sources. Comparative example 4 greatly reduces the amount of high-calcium fly ash, comparative example 5 greatly increases the amount of high-calcium fly ash, and it is found that too little amount of high-calcium fly ash can not achieve an effective protective effect, while too much amount can cause a significant increase in the pH value of the slope soil, is unsuitable for plant growth, and cannot achieve the protection of the slope by plants in the later stage, thereby failing to achieve the desired effect.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a sandy ecological bank protection substrate based on EICP technique and high calcium fly ash which characterized in that: consists of 100-120 parts of planting soil, 40-60 parts of high-calcium fly ash, 4-6 parts of organic materials, 3-4 parts of habitat substrate modifier and 8-32 parts of urea-urease mixed solution.
2. The sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the urea-urease mixed solution is prepared by mixing urea solution and urease solution in a volume ratio of 1:1.
3. The sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the concentration of the urea solution is 0.05mol/L, and the concentration of the urease solution is 20-60g/L.
4. The sandy ecological slope protection base material based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the urease solution comprises the steps of baking commercial soybeans at 40 ℃ for 6 hours, taking out, crushing, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, preparing the solution according to the concentration of 20-60g/L, standing for 1-h, and filtering to keep supernatant to obtain the urease solution.
5. The sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the planting soil is sandy planting soil.
6. The sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the high-calcium fly ash is from a general thermal power plant, the content of free calcium oxide is 30-35%, the particle size is 10-200 meshes, the water demand ratio is 80-100%, and the content of sulfur trioxide is 15-20%.
7. The sandy ecological slope protection substrate based on the EICP technology and the high-calcium fly ash, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic material is one or more of pine sawdust, poplar sawdust, rice hulls, corn stalks and flax stalks, and is crushed, air-dried and aired until the water content is lower than 10%, and then screened by a 10-mesh sieve for later use.
8. A method of using a sandy ecological slope protection substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing organic materials, and mixing the organic materials with sandy planting soil in proportion to obtain a mixture;
(2) Mixing the mixture obtained in the step (1) with the high-calcium fly ash and the habitat substrate modifier in proportion, and fully and uniformly stirring to obtain a material 1;
(3) Weighing quantitative water from the material 1 in the step (2) according to the required water content, and fully stirring to ensure that the water content is the same everywhere to obtain a material 2;
(4) Uniformly spraying the material 2 obtained in the step (3) on a slope by using a spraying machine;
(5) Preparing a urease solution, and mixing the urease solution with the urea solution according to a proportion to prepare a urea-urease mixed solution;
(6) And (3) after spraying the material 2 for 8-15 days, pouring the urea-urease mixed solution prepared in the step (5) on a side slope by means of a pouring system, so as to finish the preparation and the protection of the sandy ecological slope protection base material.
9. The method of use according to claim 8, wherein: the dosage of the quantitative water in the step (3) is 30-40% of that of the material 1.
10. The method of use according to claim 8, wherein: the spraying amount of the material 2 in the step (4) is 200-280kg/m 2 。
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