CN116535405B - 一种苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子,具有液‑固双态发光及多刺激响应效果,其结构为N,N‑二乙基苯并[4',5']咪唑并[2',1':2,3]嘧啶[4,5‑b]喹啉‑11‑胺(QPI)。QPI的合成具有原料易得、合成路线短、反应条件温和等优点。溶液中,QPI具有良好的光学性能,且对溶剂极性、质子敏感,可作为酸性pH探针。固态(晶体、粉末、掺杂膜,掺杂粉末)下,QPI发出明亮的荧光,且具有力致变色和酸致变色性质。该分子在传感、防伪、分子器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光分子技术领域,具体涉及一种液-固双态发光及多刺激响应的苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机荧光分子由于种类多,易优化、发光效率高、生物相容性等优点而广泛应用于传感、成像、存储、发光等领域。传统的有机荧光分子在聚集态和固态发光弱或不发光,容易出现聚集猝灭(ACQ)现象,限制了其在聚集态或固态发光领域的应用。近二十年来飞速发展的聚集诱导发光(AIE)材料,在聚集态或固态下有很强的发光性能,但它们在溶液中发光微弱、甚至不发光。因此,为了满足实际应用需要,设计开发一种既能在溶液,又能在固态下高效发光荧光分子具有重要的意义和价值。
刺激响应荧光材料,是在外部环境的刺激(如溶剂、化学试剂、力、温度、光等)下,荧光材料的荧光发射波长、强度或颜色发生了改变。根据这一特性,刺激响应荧光材料在传感器、荧光成像、防伪、可重写智能材料、信息存储、微型光子器件等领域有着重要的潜在应用。随着人们对刺激响应荧光材料的经济性、灵敏度、选择性等需求的提高,单一的刺激响应荧光材料已经难以满足实际所需,低成本、绿色、便携、高灵敏度的多刺激响应荧光材料的研究迫在眉睫。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明提供一种液-固双态发光及多刺激响应的苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子,其特征在于,该荧光分子为N,N-二乙基苯并[4',5']咪唑并[2',1':2,3]嘧啶[4,5-b]喹啉-11-胺,简称QPI,具体结构式为:
所述的QPI的制备方法,包括如下步骤:向反应瓶中依次加入2-氯-7-(二乙氨基)喹啉-3-甲醛,2-氨基苯并咪唑,溶剂,溶解后,加入碱,回流至反应结束,冷却,抽滤得粗品,重结晶,得产物QPI。
所述的QPI的制备方法,2-氯-7-(二乙氨基)喹啉-3-甲醛和2-氨基苯并咪唑的摩尔比为1:0.4~2。
QPI的制备方法,所述的溶剂包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜,乙腈、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇中的任意一种,优选乙醇。
QPI的制备方法,所述的碱包括碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、吡啶、三乙胺中的任意一种,优选碳酸钾。
本发明又一技术方案是将所述的荧光分子作为质子传感器上的应用。所述QPI在有机溶剂发出明亮的荧光,且对溶剂的极性敏感,在不同溶剂下表现出正溶剂溶致变色现象。
所述的荧光分子对质子敏感并实现荧光显色效果,所述质子包括质子性溶剂、酸性溶剂,表现出酸致变色现象;
所述的质子性溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇的醇类溶剂中的任意一种;
在质子性溶剂中如甲醇、乙醇的最大吸收波长、发射波长和在非质子性溶剂中相比,更加红移,发射强度减弱。
所述的酸性溶剂选自质子性溶剂环境下的酸性环境,酸性环境的pH为1.0
~4.1。本发明采用吸收光谱法或/和荧光光谱法者定量检测溶液的pH。
针对荧光分子作为质子传感器上的应用,所述的荧光分子的浓度为1.0×10-4mol/L-1.0×10-7mol/L,具体的,所述的荧光分子的浓度包括1.0×10-4mol/L、5.0×10-5mol/L、1.0×10-5mol/L、5.0×10-6mol/L、1.0×10-6mol/L、5.0×10-7mol/L、1.0×10-7mol/L中的任意一种。
本发明又一技术方案是将所述的荧光分子作为固态荧光试剂、或固态荧光开关上的应用。
所述的荧光分子选自荧光分子的粉末、荧光分子的晶体、荧光分子的掺杂膜、荧光分子的掺杂粉末中的任意一种。
所述的荧光分子的粉末是指对荧光分子经硅胶柱层析后得到粉末产品,得到的粉末产品经80℃以下的温度进行干燥所得到的粉末态产品。
所述的荧光分子的晶体是指将制备得到的QPI在相对过量的氯仿溶液中,5-10℃下静置结晶,得到的结晶产品经低温(如80℃以下的干燥环境)干燥后得到结晶态的QPI。
荧光分子的掺杂膜是指将QPI与高分子材料,所述的高分子材料包括但不限于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、多聚甲醛、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素中的任意一种或多种进行掺杂后的荧光性能。QPI与高分子材料的质量比为1:10-1000。
荧光分子的掺杂粉末将上述的荧光分子的掺杂膜经粉碎后得到的掺杂粉末,所述的掺杂粉末的粒径为1μm以内。
所述的固态荧光开关是对荧光分子在研磨、熏蒸、加热中的任意一种形成荧光显色后,再在研磨、熏蒸、加热中的任意一种形成另一种荧光显色,实现循环的荧光开关效果。
作为一种优选的方案,该分子的晶体在研磨后,得到研磨后的粉末,荧光颜色由红色变成橙红色,再经过加热或溶剂四氢呋喃熏蒸,荧光颜色由橙红色变成黄色,再研磨,荧光颜色又由黄色变成橙红色,研磨、加热循环多次,荧光均可复原。
作为另一种优选的可实现的方案,该分子的粉末在三氟乙酸的熏蒸下,粉末荧光颜色由黄色迅速变为红色,再用氨水熏蒸,荧光颜色由红色迅速变为黄色。酸熏、碱熏循环多次,荧光均可复原。
作为又一种优选的可实现的方案,制备得到QPI试纸,该试纸在三氟乙酸的熏蒸下,试纸迅速由黄色变成紫色,再用氨水熏蒸,试纸迅速由紫色变成黄色可复原,酸熏、碱熏循环多次,试纸颜色均可复原。
所述的荧光分子作为防伪可重写光学智能材料、或加密材料上的应用。
本发明有益效果:
本发明通过分子设计获得了苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类新型荧光分子。
本发明设计的分子是一种新型L型五环稠合结构,该化合物具有大π-共轭、刚性、不对称、D-π-A结构特点,赋予分子较高的稳定性及光物理学性能和多刺激响应性能。
本发明的荧光分子是利用原料2-氯-3-甲酰喹啉中的高反应活性,与多反应位点的2-氨基苯并咪唑,在碱性条件下,一锅法环化串联反应后,经过滤、洗涤、重结晶制备得到。具有合成步骤少、原子经济性高,后处理方便、产率高、成本低廉等特点。
本发明的荧光分子,在稀溶液中,摩尔吸收系数大、荧光量子产率高、stokes位移值大,且对溶剂极性、环境pH敏感,能作为实时和快速测量pH型荧光探针,实现应用的多功能化。
本发明的荧光分子,在(晶体态、非晶体粉末、掺杂固体膜、掺杂粉末)等多种固态形态下,均能发出明亮的荧光,且对力、热、溶剂、酸、碱等外界刺激产生相应的响应信号,使得发光波长、强度或发光颜色发生明显改变,具有明显的力致变色、酸致变色性质,满足了当前多功能的应用需求,可广泛应用于传感器、防伪可重写光学智能材料、加密材料、分子开关器件等领域。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所制备的QPI的1H-NMR图谱。
图2为实施例1所制备的QPI的13C-NMR图谱。
图3为实施例1所制备的QPI在不同溶剂中的吸收光谱(左)和荧光光谱图(右)。
图4为实施例1所制备的QPI的激发态S1前线分子轨道(LUMO和HOMO)。
图5为实施例1所制备的QPI在不同pH环境中的吸收值变化(左),吸收光谱及相应颜色变化(中)及荧光光谱图及相应颜色变化(右)。
图6为实施例1所制备的QPI在不同固态下的荧光光谱及颜色变化。
图7为实施例1所制备的QPI的热重分析(TGA)(左)和差示扫描热量法(DSC)图谱(右)。
图8为实施例1所制备的QPI的PMMA薄膜的荧光光谱(左)和QPI与各种分子材料掺杂后的荧光光谱(右)。
图9为实施例1所制备的QPI在力、加热、活熏蒸的外部刺激下的荧光光谱及颜色变化(左)和在研磨、加热循环过程中发射波长的变化(右)
图10为实施例1所制备的QPI在酸和碱刺激下的荧光光谱及颜色变化(左)和QPI在酸和碱循环过程中发射波长的变化(右)。
图11为使用实施例1所制备的QPI记录写入和擦除过程。
图12为实施例1所制备的QPI经过三氟乙酸和三乙胺熏蒸后在自然光下和365nm紫外灯下的颜色变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来进一步说明本发明,但本发明要求保护的范围并不局限于实施例表述的范围。
实施例1QPI的合成与表征
N,N-二乙基苯并[4',5']咪唑并[2',1':2,3]嘧啶[4,5-b]喹啉-11-胺(QPI)
向100mL两口瓶中加入4.00g(16mmol)化合物3-氯-7-(二乙氨基)喹啉-3-甲醛和3.00g(22mmol)2-氨基苯并咪唑,40mL乙醇,加热搅拌使固体溶解,再加入0.63g(4.5mmol)碳酸钾,加热搅拌,在85℃下反应5小时(TLC检测)。趁热过滤,滤液自然冷却,析出黄色固体,减压抽滤,用乙醇重结晶,得到黄色固体3.50g,产率为62%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.09(s,1H),8.91(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.23(dd,J=6.0,1.6Hz,1H),8.01-7.98(m,1H),7.57-7.49(m,3H),6.98(s,2H),3.53(q,J=7.2Hz,4H),1.32(t,J=7.2Hz,6H)。13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:157.83,151.85,147.09,143.20,137.48,130.58,129.36,124.73,123.35,119.91,118.17,116.81,115.86,109.42,103.66,44.98,12.81.
实施例2溶液中QPI光物理性能及应用
2.1溶液中QPI的溶致变色
分别取10μL浓度为1.0×10-3mol/L的QPI溶液加入12个10mL比色管中,用不同溶剂包括二氧六环、氯仿、甲苯、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、丙酮、乙醇、甲醇、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜分别定容至10mL,配成浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L溶液,测定QPI的荧光量子产率,以荧光素为标准参照物,结果见图3和表1所示。在不同的有机溶剂中,QPI吸收强度差别不大,均为强吸收;它的最大吸收波长在460nm左右,稍有蓝移或红移。在荧光光谱中QPI在弱极性的甲苯中发射波长最大为508nm,在弱极性的氯仿中发射强度最大,其荧光量子产率高达98%。且在非质子性溶剂中随着溶剂极性增大,其最大发射波长逐渐红移、荧光强度逐渐减弱,stokes位移值逐渐变大,表现出正溶致变色效应。在质子性溶剂如乙醇、甲醇中,非质子性溶剂相比,其发射波长红移、荧光强度进一步减弱,这可能是在质子性溶剂中,荧光分子与溶剂分子之间形成了氢键,增强了分子内电荷转移效应。
表1为实施例1所制备的QPI在不同溶剂中的光物理数据。
另外,利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算QPI的分子轨道(图4)也可以明显看出:处于HOMO轨道时,QPI分子内的电荷主要分散在给电子的二乙胺基苯环及苯并咪唑环上;处于LUMO轨道时,QPI分子内的电荷主要集中在缺电子的嘧啶芳环上;在激发态下,电子会从给电子的二乙胺苯基向嘧啶单位移动。结果表明,QPI中存在ICT特征,且ICT是影响其在非质子性溶剂中的光物理性质的关键因素。
2.3溶液中QPI的酸致变色
分别称取甲醇/水(4:1,v/v)溶液10mL于14个比色管中,利用pH计配制不同pH值的溶液(pH:0.9,1.63,2.46,3.23,4.21,5.24,6.85,7.22,8.31,9.52,10.87,11.77,12.61,13.03),分别取2mL不同pH值的甲醇/水(4:1,v/v)溶液,加入20μL的储备液,进行光谱测试。在碱性和弱酸性环境(pH=13~5.24)中,QPI的吸收光谱无明显变化。而当溶液变成强酸(pH=4.1~0.9)时,在520nm处出现了一个吸收峰,而在460nm处的吸收峰消失了,同时在500nm处出现了等吸收点,揭示了质子化[QPI-H]+的形成,且在此范围内,滴定曲线呈现明显的pH依赖性吸收变化。同时,在碱性和弱酸性条件下,QPI发出明亮的黄绿色荧光,发射峰位于550nm。但随着溶液中pH从4.21降低到1.00,发射峰逐渐红移到610nm,同时发射强度急剧下降,QPI的荧光强度与pH值在范围内呈明显的线性关系(R2=0.98)。在QPI溶液中交替加入HCl与NaOH,使pH分别达到2.0,10。如图7所示,在pH=2.0和pH=10值时,QPI溶液的颜色(自然光下及365nm紫外灯下)、吸收光谱和荧光光谱完全重复。这些实验结果表明QPI的质子化和去质子化过程是可逆的,且具有作为酸性pH荧光传感器的潜质。
实施例3固态下QPI的荧光性能及应用
3.1固态下QPI的荧光性能
QPI经过氯仿重结晶得到结晶状态样品,具体操作步骤是将实施例1制备得到的QPI在相对过量的氯仿溶液中,5-10℃下静置结晶,得到的结晶产品经低温(如80℃以内的干燥环境)干燥后得到结晶态的QPI。
由柱层析得到粉末状态样品,具体操作步骤是将实施例1制备得到的QPI经硅胶柱层析后得到粉末产品,得到的粉末产品经低温(如80℃以内的干燥环境)干燥后得到粉末态的QPI。
将上述结晶态下的QPI及粉末态的QPI分别在研钵中研磨得到各自的研磨态样品,然后进行荧光性能测试。
结晶态的QPI为橙红色,发射波长为632nm,粉末态的QPI为黄色,发射波长为580nm,蓝移了52nm,如图6和表2所示。结晶态和粉末态的QPI经过量子效率测试,它们的量子效率分别为:7.18%、7.23%,且测得的荧光衰减曲线,拟合得到寿命,分别为7.70ns、4.96ns。实验结果表明,固态下的QPI可高效发光。
表2为实施例1所制备的QPI在不同固体状态下的光物理数据。
3.2晶体态下QPI的热稳定性
通过热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描热量法(DSC)对QPI的热稳定性进行了考察,其热分解温度(Td)和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)曲线见图7。通过TGA曲线可知,QPI的热分解温度为379℃;通过DSC曲线可知,QPI的玻璃化转变温度为240℃。QPI高于200℃的Tg保证了成为非晶薄膜时其形态的稳定性,由此可见QPI具有较好的热稳定性。
3.3掺杂性能
荧光材料在实际应用中有时会与分子材料掺杂,以期得到性能更好的材料。为此,研究了QPI分别与分子材料(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、多聚甲醛、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素)掺杂后的荧光性能。
本次试验选用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)与QPI分别按照质量比100:1的比例在1,2-二氯乙烷中溶解,随后溶剂挥发得到QPI的PMMA掺杂膜。如图12,QPI的PMMA掺杂膜在365nm紫外灯的照射下呈现强黄色荧光,其最大发射波长为602nm,经过量子效率测试,它们的量子效率为23.69%,并测得PMMA掺杂膜的荧光衰减曲线,拟合得到寿命,为10.32ns,QPI荧光性能的改善,QPI的PMMA掺杂膜可高效发光,QPI与PMMA掺杂可得到荧光性能更优异的荧光材料。同理多聚甲醛、葡萄糖、壳聚糖、纤维素也采用该方法进行试验,结果如图8,发现QPI掺杂后荧光性能都得到改善,均可高效发光。
3.3固态下QPI的应用
3.3.1酸致响应性能
接下来,进一步研究了力、加热、熏蒸等三个因素对固态的QPI荧光性能的影响,在图9中,结晶状态的QPI作为原始态,其最大发射波长在632nm处,研磨后,QPI的荧光颜色由橙红色变为橙色,最大发射波长蓝移至615nm(Δλem=17nm),接着将研磨后的QPI用四氢呋喃熏蒸或加热,QPI的荧光颜色由橙色变为黄色,最大发射波长蓝移至580nm(Δλem=35nm)。另外,QPI的黄色和橙红色荧光之间可以通过研磨和加热的方式相互转换。这些实验结果表明QPI具有力刺激响应荧光变化的性质,且具有可逆性,可作为力致变色材料。
3.3.2力、热、溶剂熏蒸响应性能
QPI含有较多氮原子的杂环结构,容易接受质子。首先将粉末状态的QPI通过三氟乙酸熏蒸,颜色由黄色变成深红色,QPI在580nm处的发射峰消失,在517nm和637nm处出现发射双峰,接着用三乙胺(TEA)熏蒸,颜色由深红色变成黄色,发射光谱恢复到原始态如图10。接着将三乙胺熏蒸后的QPI通过三氟乙酸,熏蒸颜色由黄色变成深红色,QPI的最大发射波长由580nm恢复到637nm,且此过程至少循环5次。因此,QPI对酸碱刺激响应变化明显,并且QPI对酸碱响应具有可逆性,即做为酸致变色材料。
3.3.3试纸上的刺激响应性能
将一张试纸浸入QPI的乙腈饱和溶液中,取出,在空气中干燥后,获得黄色QPI-试纸。当在纸上用玻棒写下“H”时,黄色发光纸上出现橙红色字母(365nm紫外灯下观察),四氢呋喃熏蒸试纸或加热该试纸,橙红色字母“H”消失,并且该过程是可逆的,可重复多次,如图11。
将QPI-试纸悬挂于三氟乙酸的密闭气体瓶中,1分钟后,取出试纸,分别在自然光和365nm紫外灯下观察拍照记录;接着再将试纸悬挂于三乙胺的密闭气体瓶中,5分钟后,取出试纸。如图12所示,酸熏蒸后的试纸,在自然光下,颜色由橙黄色变为紫红色,在365nm紫外灯下,颜色从黄色变为紫色。碱熏蒸后,试纸颜色复原,该过程可循环多次。
由此可知,在固态下对力、热、蒸汽、酸、碱多刺激具有响应,可应用于传感器、分子器件、防伪可重写光学智能材料、加密材料等领域。
Claims (9)
1.一种液-固双态发光及多刺激响应的苯并咪唑稠合嘧啶并喹啉类荧光分子,其特征在于,该荧光分子为N,N-二乙基苯并[4',5']咪唑并[2',1':2,3]嘧啶[4,5-b]喹啉-11-胺,简称QPI,具体结构式为:
。
2.权利要求1所述的QPI的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:向反应瓶中依次加入2-氯-7-(二乙氨基)喹啉-3-甲醛,2-氨基苯并咪唑,溶剂,溶解后,加入碱,回流至反应结束,冷却,抽滤得粗品,重结晶,得产物QPI。
3.权利要求2所述的QPI的制备方法,其特征在于,2-氯-7-(二乙氨基)喹啉-3-甲醛和2-氨基苯并咪唑的摩尔比为1:0.4 ~ 2。
4.权利要求2所述的QPI的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲亚砜,乙腈、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇中的任意一种;
所述的碱选自碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、吡啶、三乙胺中的任意一种。
5.权利要求1所述的荧光分子作为质子传感器上的应用,所述的荧光分子对质子敏感并实现荧光显色效果,所述质子选自质子性溶剂、酸性溶剂;
所述的质子性溶剂选自乙醇、甲醇的醇类溶剂中的任意一种;
所述的酸性溶剂选自溶剂环境下的酸性环境,酸性环境的pH 为 1.0 ~4.1。
6.权利要求1所述的荧光分子作为固态荧光试剂、或固态荧光开关上的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的荧光分子选自荧光分子的粉末、荧光分子的晶体、荧光分子的掺杂膜、荧光分子的掺杂粉末中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的固态荧光开关是对荧光分子在研磨、熏蒸、加热中的任意一种形成荧光显色后,再在研磨、熏蒸、加热中的任意一种形成另一种荧光显色,实现循环的荧光开关效果。
9.权利要求1所述的荧光分子作为防伪可重写光学智能材料、或加密材料上的应用。
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