CN107759504B - 一种固液态均具较强荧光的双相有机荧光材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种固液态均具较强荧光的双相有机荧光材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107759504B
CN107759504B CN201710950517.0A CN201710950517A CN107759504B CN 107759504 B CN107759504 B CN 107759504B CN 201710950517 A CN201710950517 A CN 201710950517A CN 107759504 B CN107759504 B CN 107759504B
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支俊格
李园园
雷云祥
董立超
董宇平
石建兵
佟斌
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明提供了一类固态和溶液态均具强发光的、兼具良好溶剂化变色效应的荧光材料及其制备方法和用途。具体地说,本发明提供结构通式(TPP‑R)代表的固态和溶液态均具有较强荧光发射的芳基吡咯衍生物荧光材料:

Description

一种固液态均具较强荧光的双相有机荧光材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一类有机荧光材料及制备方法,具体来说,涉及一类固态和溶液态均具较强荧光、且具有良好溶剂效应的特殊荧光材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
有机发光材料,由于其在发光二极管(LED)、特异性分子识别与追踪、光化学传感器以及生物成像等许多领域具有巨大的应用受到了广泛的关注。传统荧光材料在较稀的溶液状态下会有较强的荧光,但是在浓溶液或固体薄膜状态时,因为分子之间的π-π相互作用而形成紧密堆积,造成激发态能量大多以非辐射的形式耗散,发生荧光猝灭(ACQ);在荧光材料的实际应用中,常常需要被加工成需要的形状,即在固态或薄膜状态下使用,所以这些材料荧光是猝灭的,这限制了传统荧光材料在成膜或固态时的应用。2001年,香港科技大学唐本忠教授设计并合成了一类芳基取代的噻咯衍生物,这些物质在溶液中荧光很弱甚至不发出荧光,但在加入不良溶剂使其聚集沉淀后,荧光强度会有极大的增强,在结晶态或者固体成膜时也有很强的荧光,以致其聚集态的荧光量子产率比溶液状态下高出几百倍,被称为聚集诱导发光现象(AIE);此类物质的分子发生聚集以后,因分子间的相互作用使取代基苯环的自由旋转受到限制,降低了非辐射能量的耗散,从而大大增加了荧光量子效率,同时极大地扩展了荧光物质在薄膜或固态条件下的应用。然而,无论是ACQ材料还是AIE材料,他们只能在溶液或者固态的单一状态下有较强的荧光,并因此在光电材料和化学生物传感等领域发挥着重要的作用。本发明中所制备的物质无论在溶液态还是在固态均具有较强的荧光,液态荧光量子产率高达94.9%,固态时也可达到20.1%。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供了一类特殊的荧光材料,所述荧光材料在固态和溶液状态均具有较强的荧光,且具有良好的溶剂效应,其中带有中等极性取代基醛基化合物还具有多种聚集形态;目的之二在于提供一类荧光材料的制备方法,所述制备方法简单,操作方便。
本发明的目的由以下技术方案实现:
一类特殊的荧光材料,所述材料由三苯基吡咯的衍生物和带有不同吸电基团取代基的苯硼酸经铃木偶联制得,最终产物为2,5-(4’-R基-联苯基)-1-苯基吡咯(简称TPP-R)。
其中TPP-R的结构式如下:
Figure GDA0002730852160000021
其中R代表醛基、氰基、酯基等吸电子基团。当R是醛基时为化合物1,当R是氰基时为化合物2,当R是酯基时为化合物3。
一类特殊的荧光材料的制备,所述合成路线如下:
Figure GDA0002730852160000031
本发明所述荧光材料,在固态和溶液状态下均具有较强的荧光发射,其固态和液态荧光量子效率都较高。该荧光材料在不同极性的溶剂中具有不同的可视化荧光响应,具有良好的溶剂效应,且其中一种带有中等极性取代基的荧光材料具有多种聚集形态,两种形态之间的发光颜色可以循环多次地转化。所述荧光材料的制备方法简单,操作简便,在有机二极管、有机光电材料、生物化学传感、固液双相发光等领域具有显著的潜在应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的化合物1的核磁共振谱图;
图2为本发明制备的化合物2的核磁共振谱图;
图3为本发明制备的化合物3的核磁共振谱图;
图4为本发明制备的TPP-R的溶液态紫外-可见吸收和荧光发射光谱图;
图5为本发明制备的化合物1在不同极性溶液中的荧光发射光谱、在紫外光线辐射下的照片及斯托克位移随溶剂极性的变化曲线;
图6为本发明制备的化合物2在不同极性溶液中的荧光发射光谱及其在紫外光线辐射下的照片;
图7为本发明制备的化合物3在不同极性溶液中的荧光发射光谱及其在紫外光线辐射下的照片;
图8为本发明制备的化合物1在不同聚集态时的荧光发射光谱及其在紫外光线辐射下的颜色变化;
图9为本发明制备的化合物1的两种不同聚集态之间转化的荧光发射光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例来详述本发明,但不限于此。
本发明合成了一类特殊的荧光材料(TPP-R),其结构通式如下:
Figure GDA0002730852160000041
其中通式TPP-R中,R代表醛基、氰基、酯基等吸电子基团。在通式TPP-R中,优选地R代表中等吸电效应的醛基、具有强吸电效应的氰基或具有1-3个碳原子的弱吸电效应的酯基,更优选R代表-CHO、-CN或-COOCH3
在本发明最优选的实施方式中,通式TPP-R代表的化合物选自如下化合物:
Figure GDA0002730852160000051
通过下面的合成路线可以制备本发明的具有固液强荧光特性的三苯基吡咯衍生物:
Figure GDA0002730852160000052
其中化合物a的合成过程如下:在合适的有机溶剂(丙酮、甲苯等)中加入氯化亚铜(CuCl)和N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA),搅拌均匀后加入对溴苯乙炔,升温至回流温度,同时向反应体系中鼓入氧气或空气,反应得到苯乙炔的偶联产物:1,4-二对溴苯基丁二炔,即化合物a。
在制备化合物a的过程中,所述的有机溶剂优选为丙酮;氯化亚铜的加入量优选为反应物对溴苯乙炔的量的1-5重量%,优选2-4重量%,最优选3重量%;N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺的加入量优选为反应物对溴苯乙炔的量的2-10重量%,更优选4-6重量%,最优选5重量%。反应温度优选在30-70℃,更优选40-60℃,最优选大约50℃;反应时间优选为8-16小时,更优选10-12小时;反应结束后的产物分离步骤没有特别的限制。在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,上述反应结束后,蒸干丙酮溶剂,将残留物加入二氯甲烷溶解,依次用稀盐酸溶液和水洗涤。将所得的有机相干燥除水后,蒸干溶剂,将所得粗产物用正己烷重结晶,最后得到的淡黄色针状晶体,即为化合物a。
化合物b的过程如下:化合物a在催化剂CuCl存在下,在惰性气体气氛中与苯胺反应,获得化合物b。
在制备化合物b的反应中,CuCl与化合物a的摩尔比优选为0.1~0.3:1,更优选0.20~0.25:1,特别优选大约0.22:1;反应温度为70-120℃,更优选90-110℃,特别优选大约100℃;反应时间为5-15小时,优选8-12小时,特别优选大约10小时。获得化合物b后的产物分离步骤没有特别的限制,在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,化合物a与苯胺的反应结束后,加入甲醇生成沉淀,减压过滤,滤饼以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1/1)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用正己烷重结晶后得到化合物b为乳白色絮状产物。
化合物1的合成:使化合物b在Pd(PPh3)4催化剂的存在下,与对醛基苯硼酸在惰性气氛下反应,获得化合物1。
在制备化合物1的反应中,Pd(PPh3)4与化合物b的摩尔比优选为0.01~0.08:1,更优选0.03~0.06:1,特别优选大约0.05:1;反应温度为60-120℃,更优选70-100℃,特别优选大约80℃;反应时间为8-18小时,优选10-15小时,特别优选大约12小时。获得化合物1后的产物分离步骤没有特别的限制,在本发明的一个优选的实施方式中,在化合物b与对醛基苯硼酸的反应结束后,粗产物以二氯甲烷为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用石油醚重结晶,最终得到化合物1的黄色絮状物。
化合物2的合成:与化合物1的合成类似,在惰性气氛下,使化合物b在Pd(PPh3)4催化剂的存在下,与对氰基苯硼酸反应,获得化合物2。
化合物3的制备:与化合物1的合成类似,在惰性气氛下,使化合物b在Pd(PPh3)4催化剂的存在下,与对酯基苯硼酸反应,获得化合物3。
本发明合成的荧光材料,在固态和溶液状态下均具有较强的荧光发射,其固态和液态荧光量子产率都较高。该荧光材料在不同极性的溶剂中具有不同的可视化荧光响应,具有良好的溶剂效应。所述荧光材料的制备方法简单,操作方便,在有机光电材料、生物化学检测、固液双相发光等领域具有潜在的应用前景。
实施例
实施例1:化合物b的合成
该合成分为两步:
(1)第一步为对溴苯乙炔的偶联反应:
在带有导气管的100mL三口烧瓶中,分别加入1.50mmol的CuCl、1.02mmol的N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)和110mL甲苯,室温下通入空气0.5h,待搅拌均匀后,加入27.62mmol对溴苯乙炔,升温至45℃反应10小时后停止。然后除去甲苯,用适量二氯甲烷溶解,用5%盐酸溶液和水洗涤,有机相干燥后除去溶剂,所得粗产物再用四氢呋喃和正己烷重结晶,最后得1,4-二对溴苯基丁二炔的淡黄色色针状晶体4.2g,产率84%。
(2)第二步为化合物b的合成:
在50mL单口烧瓶中加入5.6mmol的1,4-二对溴苯基丁二炔、2.8mmol苯胺和1.2mmol的氯化亚铜,惰性气体气氛下升温至100℃反应10个小时后停止。加入甲醇生成大量沉淀,减压过滤,滤饼以石油醚/二氯甲烷(1/1)为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用正己烷重结晶后得到白色絮状产物0.98g,产率39%。
实施例2:化合物1的合成
将1.1mmol的化合物b、2.8mmol的对醛基苯硼酸、0.06mmol的四(三苯基磷)合钯和6.3mmol的碳酸钠加入单口反应瓶中,惰性气体气氛下升温至80℃反应12h,所得粗产物以纯二氯甲烷为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用四氢呋喃和正己烷重结晶得到黄色粉末状物质0.31g,产率为55%;其核磁谱图见附图1。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO),(δ,TMS,ppm)10.04(s,2H),7.96(d,J=8.3Hz,4H),7.89(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.64(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.42(s,3H),7.21(t,J=11.0Hz,6H),6.65(s,2H)。
实施例3:化合物2的合成
将1.1mmol的化合物b、2.8mmol的对氰基苯硼酸、0.05mmol的四(三苯基磷)合钯和6.3mmol的碳酸钠加入单口反应瓶中,惰性气体气氛下升温至100℃反应9h,所得粗产物以纯二氯甲烷为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用四氢呋喃和正己烷重结晶得黄色粉末状物质0.32g,产率为58%;其核磁谱图见附图2。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),(δ,TMS,ppm)7.67(q,J=8.5Hz,8H),7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,4H),7.38–7.28(m,3H),7.22–7.09(m,6H),6.59(s,2H)。
实施例4:化合物3的合成
将1.1mmol的化合物b、2.8mmol的对甲氧羰基苯硼酸、0.05mmol的四(三苯基磷)合钯和6.3mmol的碳酸钠加入单口圆底瓶中,惰性气体气氛下升温至90℃反应11h,所得粗产物以纯二氯甲烷为洗脱剂进行柱色谱分离,再用四氢呋喃和正己烷重结晶得到白色粉末状物质0.41g,产率为65%;其核磁谱图见附图3。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3),(δ,TMS,ppm)8.07(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.62(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.46(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),7.36–7.28(m,3H),7.14(t,J=8.1Hz,6H),6.59(s,2H),3.93(s,6H)。
实施例5:化合物TPP-R的光物理性质的测试
配制荧光材料TPP-R的四氢呋喃溶液,浓度为10-5mol/L,随后进行紫外-可见吸收光谱以及光致发光光谱的测试;其中紫外-可见吸收光谱采用谱析紫外-可见吸收光谱仪测定,纯四氢呋喃为参比进行光谱扫描,得到紫外-可见吸收光谱图(见附图4);光致发光谱图采用日立F-7000荧光光谱仪测定,激发波长为350nm,狭缝为2.5×2.5nm,室温进行光谱扫描得荧光发射光谱图,结果见附图4。
实施例6:化合物TPP-R的溶剂效应的测试分析
用25mL容量瓶,分别配制化合物TPP-R的正己烷、甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜和乙腈溶液,浓度均为10-5mol/L。将这八个溶液分别进行荧光发射光谱的测试,结果见附图5中的a、图6中的a、图7中的a;各溶液在365nm紫外光辐照下的照片见附图5中的b、图6中的b、图7中的b;化合物TPP-CHO在不同极性溶剂中的斯托克位移随溶剂极性数值的线性变化曲线图见附图5中的c。
实施例7:化合物TPP-CHO不同聚集态的发光性质及转化
将化合物TPP-CHO通过研磨、不同溶剂结晶等方法处理得到六种不同的聚集形态,编号为CHO-1~CHO-6,将这种六种聚集态分别进行荧光检测,结果见附图8。
将适量TPP-CHO-1置于研钵中充分研磨,对研磨前后的固态物质进行荧光光谱测试;然后再向研磨好的物质中滴入例如二氯甲烷溶剂,待溶剂挥发完全,收集物质进行荧光测试,如此重复7次,结果见附图9;研磨前后的粉末在356nm紫外光辐照下的照片见附图9中的插图。
本发明包括但不限于以上实施例,凡是在本发明精神的原则之下进行的任何等同替换或局部改进,都将视为在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.荧光材料,简称TPP-R,其结构如下:
Figure FDA0002730852150000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的荧光材料的制备方法,通过如下合成路线制备:
Figure FDA0002730852150000012
其中,R为-CHO。
3.根据权利要求2所述的荧光材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)将对溴苯乙炔溶解于甲苯中,在多胺和氯化亚铜催化作用下反应得到1,4-二对溴苯基丁二炔,即化合物a;
(2)将化合物a在氯化亚铜的催化下与苯胺反应得到化合物b;
(3)将化合物b在催化剂及碱性条件下,和对醛基苯硼酸发生偶联反应,得所述荧光材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的荧光材料在有机发光二极管、化学检测、生物检测领域的用途。
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