CN116535198B - 一种环保型炮泥材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种环保型炮泥材料及其制备方法。所述环保型炮泥材料包括如下组分:以30~66wt%的铝矾土均化料骨料、10~30wt%的碳化硅、5~20wt%的氮化硅铁、5~20wt%的黏土粉、2~10wt%的改性岩沥青、2~10wt%的矾土粉、2~5w%蓝晶石粉和1~5wt%的焦炭粉为原料,以及占所述原料0.3~0.5wt%的稀土氧化物、0.1~0.3wt%的分散剂及10~12wt%的硅改性树脂油,通过搅拌、碾泥、挤出成型、包装后即得环保型炮泥材料。本发明选材合理,制备的环保炮泥工作性能好、可塑性好,易于开口,且高温力学性能优异和抗侵蚀性能显著提高,制备的炮泥中的苯并吡在50ppm以下,远低于现有使用煤焦油和沥青结合剂的炮泥,现场操作环境明显改善,无明显的刺激性的烟雾产生,具有良好应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐火材料技术领域,特别涉及高炉炼铁用环保型炮泥材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
炮泥是保证高炉出铁口操作顺利进行的关键耐火材料,起到堵塞出铁口的作用,还可以延长出铁口深度,保护炉缸侧墙。随着高炉的大型化、长寿化、更高的炉内温度和炉顶压力、冶炼强度的加大、节能减排、低碳炼铁和清洁生产的需求,如此的冶炼条件,使得炮泥的应用要求更加严苛,人们逐渐开始重视炮泥的环保性及耐用性。传统煤焦油和煤沥青结合炮泥中强致癌物质苯并芘的巨大危害性。为了保护环境和人身健康,急需研发含量低或者无苯并芘环保炮泥并进行产业化来满足现代钢铁工业的需要。
传统炮泥是隶属于为Al2O3-SiC-C系,主要是由刚玉、矾土、碳化硅、Si3N4-Fe、粘土、焦炭等原料,以煤焦油和煤沥青为结合剂制备而成。煤焦油和煤沥青属于焦炉的副产品,以其作为结合剂所制备的炮泥存在潜在强烈的危害性,虽然它们有着优异的耐用性和可塑性。主要原因是煤焦油与沥青含有一些多环芳香烃类碳氢化合物,包括被社会所公认的18种具有强烈危害环境作用的多环烃类化合物(PAH)。其中最为典型的是苯并芘。
煤焦油中约含有12500ppm的苯并芘,在煤沥青中达到10000ppm。其中苯并芘熔点和沸点分别是179℃、475℃,这就意味着在炮泥应用过程中,除泥包处一小部分烧掉后,绝大部分被馏分出来。由于炉内的压力和温度远大于炉外,所以苯并芘就从铁口排到了炉外空气中,与空气中的物质微粒结合形成危害性更大的气溶胶,在高温状态下,它在空气中更为活跃,对环境的危害程度更大。现代医学研究结果表明,如果长期生活的环境中含有一定的苯并芘,人体慢性中毒的可能性就会大大增加。
如何取代传统炮泥中煤焦油和煤沥青结合剂,开发性能相当的低污染环保炮泥材料一直是研究的热点和重点课题。
发明内容
鉴于目前高炉炮泥使用的都是煤制的煤焦油和沥青,其苯并芘含量高,现场施工环境恶劣,对操作人员的健康影响大,烟雾污染大,寿命短等不足之处,本发明提供了一种环保型炮泥材料及制备方法,采用改性的环保改性岩沥青替代煤沥青,采用硅改性树脂油替代煤焦油,与现有技术相比较,本发明采用的原料环境友好,与粉体材料的结合强度高,塑性好,制备的炮泥综合性能优异,为解决行业中存在的采用煤焦油和煤沥青等高污染材料的共性关键问题提供一种新方法和新技术途径。
本发明为达到上述行业的共性问题,本发明所采取的技术方案为:
一种环保型炮泥材料,所述环保型炮泥材料包括如下组分:以30~66wt%的铝矾土均化料骨料、10~30wt%的碳化硅、5~20wt%的氮化硅铁、5~20wt%的黏土粉、2~10wt%的改性岩沥青、2~10wt%的矾土粉、2~5w%蓝晶石粉和1~5wt%的焦炭粉为原料,以及占所述原料0.3~0.5wt%的稀土氧化物、0.1~0.3wt%的分散剂及10~12wt%的硅改性树脂油。
所述稀土氧化物为烧结助剂;所述硅改性树脂油为结合剂。所述硅改性树脂油为山东杰富意振兴化工有限公司生产。
优选地,所述铝矾土均化料骨料的粒径包括1~3mm和0~1mm,其中1~3mm占10~45%,0~1mm占10~25%,氧化铝的含量大于70%。
优选地,所述碳化硅为240目粉体,SiC的含量大于92%。
优选地,所述氮化硅铁为240目粉体,含量大于95%。
优选地,所述黏土粉为塑性黏土,为广西白泥或者苏州土,可塑性指标>3.6。
优选地,所述改性岩沥青为颗粒状粉体,平均粒径在0.05mm~0.5mm,苯并吡的含量≤2ppm,软化点在100~120℃。
优选地,所述改性岩沥青的基体为布顿岩沥青,其粒径在0.3mm~1mm;改性剂为三元乙丙橡胶。
优选地,所述改性岩沥青的改性方法为:将岩沥青改性剂三元乙丙橡胶按照岩沥青基体总量的10~20wt%加入到搅拌机中,再将烘干后的岩沥青基体缓慢加入搅拌,得到的改性岩沥青通过多孔成型机直接到水中沉降,形成条形的改性岩沥青,冷却干燥后,将改性岩沥青进造粒机中添加煤矸石进行造粒,得到所述改性岩沥青。
优选地,本发明选用的造粒机型号为ZL-300,为常州福莱美干燥科技有限公司生产,当然不局限于该厂家生产的设备。
优选地,所述煤矸石为200目,其质量占岩沥青基体总量的5~15wt%,优选为10wt%。
优选地,所述矾土粉的细度240目以上,含量大于80%。
优选地,所述蓝晶石粉的细度200目以上,含量大于92%。
优选地,所述焦炭粉为球形焦炭粉,其碳含量≥90wt%,粒径≤0.1mm。
优选地,所述稀土氧化物为氧化钇、氧化铈或者两者的复合。其纯度均要求在96%以上,细度在240目以上。
优选地,所述分散剂为聚乙二醇型缩聚物己烯基双硬脂酰胺。
优选地,所述硅改性树脂油的密度大于1.0g/cm3,固定碳素含量大于25%。
所述的环保型炮泥材料的制备方法,将原料按照预定比例配好,先将铝矾土均化料、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、黏土粉、矾土粉及蓝晶石粉倒入搅拌机中,加入后预混,再将焦炭粉、改性岩沥青添加后,再混合后,将其倒入到碾泥机中,同时加入硅改性树脂油、稀土氧化物和分散剂混碾,完成后到挤泥机中挤出切割,包装即可。
本发明利用天然岩沥青,通过相关的技术改性,获得环保无污染的煤沥青替代材料,改性的岩沥青完全可以替代煤沥青,为制备环保炮泥产品提供一种新材料体系。岩沥青是天然沥青质的一种,其性质特别稳定,几乎不含苯并芘。同煤沥青相比,岩沥青应用的难点是其软化点较高,一般认为其软化点在180℃以上,本发明采用新改性剂降低其软化点,另外一点是如何替代炮泥的结合剂煤焦油,本发明采用硅改性树脂油,不仅结合性能好,炮泥的塑性好,而且本身对环境友好,不含苯并芘。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
采用改性岩沥青来替代现有的煤制球沥青,能够极大减少苯并吡等有害物质的产生,优化操作环境,实现真正的环保,极大减少现场烟雾等气体的生成量;使用己烯基双硬脂酰胺为分散剂,使得炮泥所用油的用量更小,强度提高,致密度更好,气孔更小,此外由于使用环保的硅改性树脂油替代煤焦油,其有害成分更小,更环保,极大地改善现场作业环境,而且可以提升炮泥的理化性能,提高炮泥的塑性及高温性能;其次,通过添加稀土氧化物材料,可以在高温时,与氧化铝或氧化硅材料形成高熔点的化合物,避免传统炮泥中为促进烧结,添加低熔点的硼酸或者硼酐之类的烧结助剂,从而极大地提高炮泥高温的冲刷性能,从而极大地提高炮泥的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为合成制备的改性岩沥青,从图中可以看出制备的岩沥青均为球形,尺寸在0.05~0.5mm的结构。几乎为球形,这种结构形态使炮泥材料的用油量减少,从而增强炮泥的高温强度。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明,以便于理解,下面举出几个具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明和描述,而不是限定本发明。
本发明提供一种高炉用环保型炮泥,所述环保型炮泥材料包括如下组分:以30~66wt%的铝矾土均化料骨料、10~30wt%的碳化硅、5~20wt%的氮化硅铁、5~20wt%的黏土粉、2~10wt%的改性岩沥青、2~10wt%的矾土粉、2~5w%蓝晶石粉和1~5wt%的焦炭粉为原料,以及占所述原料0.3~0.5wt%的稀土氧化物、0.1~0.3wt%的分散剂及10~12wt%的硅改性树脂油。
本发明还提供该环保型炮泥的制备方法,将原料按照预定比例配好,首先将铝矾土均化料、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、黏土粉、矾土粉及蓝晶石粉倒入搅拌机中,加入后预混5min以上,再将焦炭粉、改性岩沥青添加后,再混合3min后,将其倒入到碾泥机中,加入硅改性树脂油、稀土氧化物料和分散剂己烯基双硬脂酰胺混碾8min以上,完成后到成型机中切割,包装即可。
本发明提供改性岩沥青的改性方法为:将岩沥青改性剂三元乙丙橡胶按照岩沥青总量的10~20wt%加入到搅拌机中,在160℃的温度下搅拌1h,再将烘干后的岩沥青缓慢加入,搅拌1.5h后,得到的改性岩沥青通过多孔成型机直接到水中沉降,形成条形的改性岩沥青,冷却干燥后,将改性岩沥青进造粒机进行造粒,为防止造粒后的颗粒粘接,造粒过程中,添加岩沥青总质量的10wt%的200目煤矸石,造粒得到颗粒状改性岩沥青产品,所制备其球形平均粒径在0.05mm~0.5mm,苯并吡的含量≤2ppm。
具体地,本发明所用的改性岩沥青为印尼进口的布顿岩沥青,代替现用的煤制球沥青。目前岩沥青由于其软化点较高,在180℃以上,在道路沥青使用时,主要利用其高软化点和高硬度,来改善道路沥青的性能,特别是抗车辙性能。但是在炮泥材料,高的软化点不利于其性能,必须通过技术改性的方法,让其软化点同煤制沥青的软化点相当,软化点在100~120℃,另外由于利用几乎无苯并吡的环保岩沥青,减少现场的烟雾污染,优化现场操作环境。而硅改性树脂油的使用,替代煤焦油作为结合剂,不仅环保,而且渗透性强,掺量要少,获得的炮泥的气孔更小,致密度更好,从而有效提高材料的高温性能。为更好地使材料分散均匀,采用己烯基双硬脂酰胺为分散剂,明显要于现有的未采用分散剂的炮泥材料,从而极大地有效提高炮泥的性能。利用球形焦炭粉,不仅可以减少材料的用油量,减少材料的气孔率从而提高致密度,因此材料的高温性能得到极大提升,炮泥的使用寿命明显提高。本发明采用改性的布顿岩沥青代替煤制球沥青以及用硅改性树脂油替代煤焦油,明显减少现场的烟雾污染,从而改善现场作业环境,比现用的炮泥更显环保。
需要说明的是,实施例1~5采用是添加占岩沥青总量的15wt%三元乙丙橡胶为改性剂进行岩沥青的改性。实施例1~3采用的稀土氧化物为氧化钇,实施例4为氧化铈,而实施例5为氧化钇和氧化铈按照1:1的比例添加。
本发明的具体实施例1-5和对比例1-3组分及配比见表1,其性能参数见表2。
表1
实施例1
实施例1采用25%的1~3mm的均化料骨料、10%的0~1mm的均化料骨料,20wt%的碳化硅、10wt%的氮化硅铁、10wt%的黏土粉、5wt%的改性岩沥青、10wt%的矾土粉、5w%蓝晶石粉和5wt%的焦炭粉,以及占所述原料0.5wt%的稀土氧化物为烧结助剂和0.2wt%的分散剂。另外掺加总质量的10wt%的硅改性树脂油为结合剂。保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.12g/cm3,抗折强度为8.0MPa,抗压强度为25.5MPa,线变化率为0.1%,气孔率为20.5%。其苯并吡的含量20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1大致相同。不同在于,对比例1采用的是煤焦油为结合剂,而实施例1中采用的是硅改性树脂油为结合剂,而其它的配方和工艺条件与实施例1相同。其性能与实施例1略有不同,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.11g/cm3,抗折强度为7.5MPa,抗压强度为18.5MPa,线变化率为0.3%,气孔率为28.0%。对比例1中的苯并吡的含量3000ppm,远远要高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,并且高于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1大致相同。不同在于,对比例2采用的是煤沥青为结合剂,而实施例1中采用的是改性岩沥青为结合剂,而其它的配方和工艺条件与实施例1相同。其性能与实施例1略有不同,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.12g/cm3,抗折强度为7.8MPa,抗压强度为24.8MPa,线变化率为0.3%,气孔率为26.5%。对比例中的苯并吡的含量2200ppm,远远要高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,并且高于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1大致相同。不同在于,对比例3没有采用分散剂,直接依靠机械搅拌和碾泥来混合材料,而实施例1中采用分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺。而其它的配方和工艺条件与实施例1相同。其性能与实施例1相当,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.10g/cm3,抗折强度为7.2MPa,抗压强度为23.2MPa,线变化率为0.4%,气孔率为25.2%。对比例3中的苯并吡的含量30ppm,略高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
实施例2
实施例2采用35%的1~3mm的均化料骨料、10%的0~1mm的均化料骨料,10wt%的碳化硅、10wt%的氮化硅铁、10wt%的黏土粉、5wt%的改性岩沥青、10wt%的矾土粉、5w%蓝晶石粉和5wt%的焦炭粉,以及占所述原料0.5wt%的稀土氧化物为烧结助剂和0.2wt%的分散剂。另外掺加总质量的10wt%的硅改性树脂油为结合剂。其性能与实施例1相当,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.20g/cm3,抗折强度为8.2MPa,抗压强度为24.8MPa,线变化率为0.2%,气孔率为21.2%。其苯并吡的含量22ppm,略高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
实施例3
实施例3采用15%的1~3mm的均化料骨料、15%的0~1mm的均化料骨料,10wt%的碳化硅、20wt%的氮化硅铁、10wt%的黏土粉、10wt%的改性岩沥青、10wt%的矾土粉、5w%蓝晶石粉和5wt%的焦炭粉,以及占所述原料0.5wt%的稀土氧化物为烧结助剂和0.2wt%的分散剂。另外掺加总质量的10wt%的硅改性树脂油为结合剂。其性能与实施例1相当,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.25g/cm3,抗折强度为8.5MPa,抗压强度为27.5MPa,线变化率为0.1%,气孔率为22.6%。其苯并吡的含量22ppm,略高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
实施例4
实施例4采用30%的1~3mm的均化料骨料、10%的0~1mm的均化料骨料,20wt%的碳化硅、5wt%的氮化硅铁、10wt%的黏土粉、5wt%的改性岩沥青、10wt%的矾土粉、5w%蓝晶石粉和5wt%的焦炭粉,以及占所述原料0.5wt%的稀土氧化物为烧结助剂和0.2wt%的分散剂。另外掺加总质量的10wt%的硅改性树脂油为结合剂。其性能与实施例1相当,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.15g/cm3,抗折强度为7.5MPa,抗压强度为25.8MPa,线变化率为0.2%,气孔率为22.3%。其苯并吡的含量23ppm,略高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
实施例5
实施例5采用20%的1~3mm的均化料骨料、10%的0~1mm的均化料骨料,20wt%的碳化硅、10wt%的氮化硅铁、10wt%的黏土粉、10wt%的改性岩沥青、10wt%的矾土粉、5w%蓝晶石粉和5wt%的焦炭粉,以及占所述原料0.5wt%的稀土氧化物为烧结助剂和0.2wt%的分散剂。另外掺加总质量的12wt%的硅改性树脂油为结合剂。其性能与实施例1相当,保存周期也大于5个月。1450℃,3h加热后,体积密度为2.14g/cm3,抗折强度为7.8MPa,抗压强度为23.8MPa,线变化率为0.3%,气孔率为23.5%。其中苯并吡的含量24ppm,略高于实施例1中苯并芘20ppm,低于国际上对炮泥中的苯并吡含量不超过50ppm的要求。
表2
由上表2中的数据可以知道,本发明制备的大型高炉用炮泥材料具有较高的高温性能,以实施例1在武钢5号高炉使用情况良好,炮泥的塑性好,易于开口,出铁时间大于120min,无飞溅,吨铁消耗的炮泥明显下降,另外由于选用环保的材料替代现有煤焦油和煤沥青,整个现场无明显的白色烟雾,作业环境得到大幅度改善,明显改善传统炮泥对身体健康有害的缺陷。
最后应该说明的是:以上各实施例仅仅用以本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制:尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应的技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (4)
1. 一种环保型炮泥材料,其特征在于,所述环保型炮泥材料包括如下组分:以30~66wt%的铝矾土均化料骨料、10~30wt%的碳化硅、5~20wt%的氮化硅铁、5~20wt %的黏土粉、2~10wt%的改性岩沥青、2~10wt%的矾土粉、2~5w%蓝晶石粉和1~5wt%的焦炭粉为原料,以及占所述原料0.3~0.5wt%的稀土氧化物、0.1~0.3wt%的分散剂及10~12wt%的硅改性树脂油,所述改性岩沥青为颗粒状粉体,平均粒径在0.05mm~0.5mm,苯并吡的含量≤2ppm,软化点在100~120℃,所述改性岩沥青的基体为布顿岩沥青,其粒径在0.3mm~1mm,所述改性岩沥青所使用的改性剂为三元乙丙橡胶,所述改性岩沥青的改性方法为:将岩沥青改性剂三元乙丙橡胶按照岩沥青基体总量的10~20wt%加入到搅拌机中,在160℃的温度下搅拌1h,再将烘干后的岩沥青基体缓慢加入,搅拌1.5h后得到的改性岩沥青通过多孔成型机直接到水中沉降,形成条形的改性岩沥青,冷却干燥后,将改性岩沥青进造粒机中添加煤矸石进行造粒,造粒过程中,添加岩沥青总质量的10wt%的200目煤矸石,得到所述改性岩沥青,所述稀土氧化物为氧化钇、氧化铈或者两者的复合,所述分散剂为己烯基双硬脂酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保型炮泥材料,其特征在于,所述铝矾土均化料骨料包括1≤粒径≤3mm和0<粒径<1mm,其中1≤粒径≤3mm占10~45%,0<粒径<1mm占10~25%,氧化铝的含量大于70%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保型炮泥材料,其特征在于,所述硅改性树脂油的密度大于1.0g/cm3,固定碳素含量大于25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环保型炮泥材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将原料按照预定比例配好,先将铝矾土均化料骨料、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、黏土粉、矾土粉及蓝晶石粉倒入搅拌机中,加入后预混,再将焦炭粉、改性岩沥青添加,混合,将其倒入到碾泥机中,同时加入硅改性树脂油、稀土氧化物和分散剂混碾,完成后到挤泥机中挤出切割,包装即可。
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