CN116509900B - 益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用 - Google Patents
益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,该益生菌为屎肠球菌Enterococcusfaecium。该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡制得的防治胃溃疡的产品,尤其可以有效防治由乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡,具体表现为能够提升胃黏膜完整性,降低胃溃疡指数,提升胃黏膜抗氧化能力,并且降低胃黏膜炎症反应。而采用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcusfaecium细胞外囊泡制备的产品时,不仅可以有效防治胃溃疡,还无耐药基因转移风险,能够有效减少副作用发生,提高该生物制剂的安全性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物应用技术领域,特别涉及一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用。
背景技术
胃溃疡是一种困扰全世界的发病率和复发率均较高的消化系统疾病。胃黏膜上皮细胞损伤及其诱导的炎症反应是胃溃疡发病的重要病理环节。胃溃疡的发病机制复杂,是损害因素和防御因素失衡的结果,根本原因是黏膜屏障的损害。胃的损害因素有胃酸和胃蛋白酶、非甾体类药物、胆盐、病原菌等;防御因素有黏液屏障(包括碳酸氢盐)、细胞再生、黏膜血流、前列腺素等。胃溃疡多发生于胃窦小弯和胃角,临床主要表现为规律性的上腹疼痛、烧心、反酸、恶心、呕吐、腹胀、黑便等,给患者带来极大的痛苦。目前针对胃溃疡防治的药物主要分为3类,即抑制损害因素的药物,主要是使用质子泵抑制剂和组胺H2受体拮抗剂来抑制胃酸分泌;增加防御因素的药物,即保护胃黏膜药物;抗生素。但在临床上出现很多不良反应报告。因此,亟需寻找一种新的安全有效的防治胃溃疡的替代物。
屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium,简称Efm,近年来受到广泛关注,它是一种革兰氏阳性兼性厌氧菌,Efm是人和动物肠道的常驻菌群,目前作为益生菌制剂多应用于临床和畜牧业。屎肠球菌在养猪业中的应用研究较为普遍,可以起到提高猪的生长速度,改善猪健康水平的作用。另外,屎肠球菌可以通过改善动物肠道微生物区系的平衡,提高营养物质利用率,提高家禽的免疫力和抵抗力等方式维持家禽的正常生长和生产。目前还没有关于Efm可以防治胃溃疡尤其是乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡的报道。
细胞外囊泡extracellular vesicles,简称EVs,是细胞或微生物衍生的小囊泡,直径为30~1000nm,呈双层脂膜结构,不可复制。由于它们具有横穿上皮细胞的能力,EVs可在细胞外空间和各种生物体液中发现,并在细胞-细胞之间信息物质的递送过程中发挥重要作用,从而介导细胞和细胞间的“联系”。微生物EVs最早于20世纪60年代在大肠杆菌中被报道,携带多种活性物质,包括毒力因子、黏附素、DNA、RNA、通讯化合物、毒素、免疫调节因子和营养清除因子等。目前尚无应用益生菌的EVs防治胃溃疡的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,以提供一种新的用于制备防治胃溃疡产品的物质、方法和途径。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,该益生菌为屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium。肠球菌属下主要有屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌,而且屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌多在肠道中发挥作用。由于胃部与肠道的内环境截然不同:胃pH值的正常范围是0.9~1.8,小肠液pH值正常为7.6左右,大肠液pH值正常范围为8.3-8.4;而且胃腔是消化系统中一个重要的微生态区,从微生态角度看,胃内的酸性环境不利于大多数细菌生长,所以胃内细菌种类和数量较少,主要为乳杆菌属、链球菌属、韦荣球菌属、普雷沃菌属等;而十二指肠、空肠中的细菌种类和数量也较少;回肠中细菌开始增多,有乳酸杆菌、大肠杆菌、类杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌等等;到了结肠,细菌的种类和数量则更显着地增加,双歧杆菌、类杆菌、乳酸杆菌占绝对优势。因此,即使有些菌种可以在肠道发挥作用,但是在胃部却无法存活或者无法发挥作用。本申请通过研究发现屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡可以在预防和治疗胃溃疡上发挥作用,可以被用来制备防治胃溃疡的产品。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡可以用于制备防治胃溃疡的药物或饲料。由于屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡作为一种微生物添加剂,其可以用于防治胃溃疡相关的任何产品中,包括但不限于药物或饲料。由此,可以从多个途径实现防治胃溃疡的效果。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡在用于制备防治胃溃疡产品时,主要用于由乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡。人们在工作、生活中往往离不开应酬喝酒,而酒精(乙醇)诱导的急性胃溃疡一直是困扰世界的难题,本申请中公开的屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡对于乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡防治效果显著,具有十分重要的应用前景。
在某些实施方式中,该益生菌为屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium菌ATCCBAA-2846。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡用于提升胃黏膜完整性。在使用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡时,可以显著提升胃粘膜的完整性(P<0.01),由此实现防治胃溃疡的作用。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡用于降低胃溃疡指数。在使用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡时,可以显著降低胃溃疡指数(P<0.01),由此实现防治胃溃疡的作用。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡用于提升胃黏膜抗氧化能力。在使用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡时,可以显著提升胃黏膜抗氧化能力,尤其是MDA、GHS指标,可显著提升(P<0.01),由此实现防治胃溃疡的作用。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡用于降低胃黏膜炎症反应。在使用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡时,可以显著降低胃黏膜炎症反应,尤其是胃黏膜组织促炎因子水平(TNF-α、IL-1β)显著降低(P<0.01),由此实现防治胃溃疡的作用。
在某些实施方式中,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡在用于制备防治胃溃疡的产品时无耐药基因转移风险。采用含有屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡的产品进行胃溃疡防治,疗效比直接使用Enterococcus faecium菌更安全,且具有易于保存、减少副作用发生率(如肠道菌群比例失调、细菌毒力因子、细菌耐药性)等优势,尤其是其制备的产品无耐药基因转移风险。因此,Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡用于制备防治胃溃疡的药物或饲料中时,其更加具有优越性,也为防治胃溃疡提供了新的安全有效的生物手段。
在某些实施方式中,用于制备防治胃溃疡的产品为液态时,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium用量为106~1012CFU/mL,或该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡用量为0.001~10mg/mL;
用于制备防治胃溃疡的产品为固态时,该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium用量为107~1013CFU/g,或该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡用量为0.01~100mg/g。由此,可以发挥最好的防治胃溃疡的功效。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明提供一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的的应用,具体是屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium及其细胞外囊泡在制备防治乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡的药物或饲料中的新用途。
2、该屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium及其细胞外囊泡制得的防治胃溃疡的药物或饲料,能够提升胃黏膜完整性,降低胃溃疡指数,提升胃黏膜抗氧化能力,并且降低胃黏膜炎症反应。由此,可以从各个角度实现防治胃溃疡的效果。
3、尤其,在使用屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡制备防治胃溃疡产品,包括药物或饲料时,由于其无耐药基因转移风险,疗效更安全,且具有易于保存、能够有效减少副作用发生,是更加安全有效的防治胃溃疡的新手段。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃标本图像;
图2为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃溃疡指数评分;
图3为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃组织MDA含量;
图4为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃组织GSH含量;
图5为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃组织TNF-α含量;
图6为本发明实施例1中各组小鼠的胃组织IL-1β含量;
图7为本发明实施例1中Efm菌及其EVs的毒力基因及抗生素耐药基因PCR检测结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对发明作进一步详细的说明。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种试剂、原料均为可以从市场上购买的商品或者可以通过公知的方法制得的产品。
实施例1屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡在治疗胃溃疡上的应用效果
(1)屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium(Efm)的获取和培育:
屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium购买自ATCC(American type culturecollection;美国模式培养物集存库)菌株,产品目录号为:BAA-2846。
配置MRS液体培养基,其按照重量份计包括:94.475份纯净水、2.0份葡萄糖、1.0份肉膏、1.0份蛋白胨、0.5份酵母提取物、0.5份乙酸钠、0.2份K2HPO4、0.2份柠檬酸二铵、0.1份吐温80、0.02份MgSO4·7H2O、0.005份MnSO4·H2O,调节pH为6.2±0.2,高温消毒,冷却备用。再向所述液体培养基中加入1.8%的琼脂,高温消毒,将15mL培养基倾倒于平皿内,平皿倾倒完成之后,盖子扣合完整,冷却备用,得到MRS固体培养基。
将屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium BAA-2846溶解后,涂布于上述固体培养基中,有氧环境下37℃培养14~16h。挑取Efm菌单菌落,加入200μL MRS液体培养基中,有氧环境下37℃以200rmp速率震荡培养14~16h,得到Efm菌液。以上操作均需在无菌环境下进行。
(2)屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡(EVs)的提取:
取1000mL灭菌后的上述液体培养基,分装至2L无菌三角瓶中。分别在每瓶培养基中加入1.5mL步骤(1)中制得的Efm菌液,有氧环境下37℃以200rmp速率震荡培养14~16h,得到Efm扩培菌液。然后2000×g,4℃离心10分钟保留上清液;将上清液进一步10000×g,4℃离心30分钟保留上清液;将上清液进一步120000×g,4℃超速离心90分钟后弃上清液保留沉淀;PBS重悬沉淀后进一步120000×g,4℃超速离心90分钟;管底沉淀即为所得到的Efm菌的EVs;适量PBS重悬沉淀,-80℃保存。
(3)小鼠模型:选取40只9周龄的C57BL/6雌性SPF级小鼠,体重为20~22g,购自广东省医学实验动物中心。每组8只小鼠,自由进食水,维持昼夜节律。
(4)分组试验:将小鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组),乙醇模型组(EtOH组),阳性对照组(PC组),屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium干预组(Efm组),屎肠球菌Enterococcusfaecium的细胞外囊泡干预组(Efm的EVs组),每组8只,进行试验。
NC组:10mL/kg body weight(BW)PBS,每2天1次,共计灌胃3次。
EtOH组:10mL/kg BW PBS,每2天1次,共计灌胃3次。
PC组:20mg/kg BW奥美拉唑(按体积为10mL/kg),每2天1次,共计灌胃3次。
Efm组:4×1010CFU/kg BW Efm(按体积为10mL/kg),每2天1次,共计灌胃3次。
EfmEVs组:0.1mg/kg BW EfmEVs(按体积为10mL/kg),每2天1次,共计灌胃3次。
按照上述方案进行操作,在最后一次灌胃前,小鼠禁食12h并允许饮水。EtOH、PC组、Efm组、EfmEVs组小鼠在最后一次灌胃后2h,按照10mL/kg BW的剂量一次灌胃无水乙醇诱导胃黏膜急性损伤模型,NC组按照10mL/kg BW的剂量一次灌胃PBS。诱导2h后脱臼处死小鼠,剪下胃组织,沿胃大弯剪开,用预冷PBS溶液将胃黏膜清洗干净,肉眼观察各组胃黏膜的损伤情况,拍照后根据表2进行胃黏膜损伤评分。剪取适量胃组织,加入适量的PBS溶液,匀浆组织,4℃、10000×g离心10min,吸取上清液,采用南京建成生物工程研究所试剂盒测定丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。ELISA测定TNF-α、IL-1β水平。BCA法测定总蛋白质含量进行矫正。具体的检测结果表1所示:
表1为各组小鼠的实验检测结果
表2为胃溃疡评分量表
备注:“小”的定义是最大直径不超过2mm;“中型”指最大直径在2~4mm之间;“大型”指最大直径超过4mm。
图1为测试后的小鼠的胃标本图像,图2-图6分别是各组小鼠的胃组织的胃溃疡指数评分对比图、胃组织MDA含量对比图、胃组织GSH含量对比图、胃组织TNF-α含量对比图和胃组织IL-1β含量对比图。由表1及图1-图6中可知,Efm菌及其EVs对于缓解乙醇诱导的胃溃疡非常有效。Efm菌干预组与乙醇模型组比较,胃黏膜完整性显著提升(P<0.01),胃溃疡指数显著降低(P<0.01),胃黏膜组织抗氧化水平(MDA、GHS)显著提升(P<0.01),胃黏膜组织促炎因子水平(TNF-α、IL-1β)显著降低(P<0.01)
Efm菌的EVs干预组与乙醇模型组比较,胃黏膜完整性显著提升(P<0.01),胃溃疡指数显著降低(P<0.01),胃黏膜组织抗氧化水平(MDA、GHS)显著提升(P<0.01),胃黏膜组织促炎因子水平(TNF-α、IL-1β)显著降低(P<0.01)。对小鼠进行Efm菌或其EVs灌胃干预后,小鼠胃黏膜由于乙醇诱导的损伤显著降低,说明Efm菌或其EVs具有显著的胃保护功效,可以用于制备防治胃溃疡的药物或饲料中,为胃溃疡提供了新的安全有效的生物防治手段。
实施例2屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium细胞外囊泡的耐药性研究
采用PCR方法进行Efm菌或其EVs的毒力基因及抗生素耐药基因PCR检测。测试方法中采用表3所示的引物,PCR反应体系为:1μL-10μL的样品,上游引物和下游引物各1μL,25μL的2×easy taq PCR SuperMix纯净水补足50μL;PCR反应程序为:先94℃下处理2-5min;然后在94℃下处理30s,再在55℃下处理30s,72℃下延伸1-2kb/min,重复以上操作40个循环;最后在72℃下处理5-10min。图7是Efm菌及其EVs的毒力基因及抗生素耐药基因PCR检测结果。其中,(a)组为基因组水平对细菌毒力基因和抗生素耐药基因PCR检测。条带M:DNAMarker D(100~2000bp:ShanghaiSangonBiotech:B600335)、条带1:ace、条带2:asa、条带3:cylA、条带4:esp、条带5:gelE、条带6:hyl、条带7:aac(6')、条带8:msrC。(b)组为RT-PCR检测抗生素耐药基因mRNA在细菌(条带9:aac(6')、条带10:msrC)和培养基(条带11:aac(6')、条带12:msrC)中的表达。(c)组为RT-PCR检测抗生素耐药基因mRNA在EVs(条带13:aac(6')、条带14:msrC)中的表达。由图7可知,Efm菌不携带毒力基因,携带了抗生素耐药基因,而Efm菌的EVs不携带抗生素耐药基因,说明Efm菌的EVs相比于Efm菌本身具有更高的安全性。
表3 PCR引物
以上实施例中,仅在小鼠上验证了屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,尤其在防治由乙醇诱导的急性胃溃疡上应用。但屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium或其细胞外囊泡在制备用于防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,也适用于其他动物或者人,包括但不限于猪、牛、羊、人等。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于发明的保护范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种益生菌或其细胞外囊泡在制备防治胃溃疡产品中的应用,其中,所述的益生菌为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)ATCC BAA-2846。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中,所述的用于制备防治胃溃疡的产品为液态时,所述屎肠球菌用量为106~1012 CFU /mL,或所述屎肠球菌细胞外囊泡用量为0.001~10 mg/mL;
所述的用于制备防治胃溃疡的产品为固态时,所述屎肠球菌用量为107~1013 CFU/g,或所述屎肠球菌细胞外囊泡用量为0.01~100 mg/g。
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