CN116508753A - 防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物、杀菌剂及应用 - Google Patents
防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物、杀菌剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物、杀菌剂及应用，该杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌复配而成。杀菌剂包括杀菌组合物，可应用于防治茄子灰霉病。本发明的杀菌组合物对抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长表现出增效作用，可提高对病原菌的抑制效果，进而提高对茄子灰霉病的防治效果，还可为筛选和开发新型防治药剂提供支持。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药技术领域，具体涉及一种防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物。
背景技术
茄子灰霉病是由灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Per.)引起的茄子重要病害，主要危害叶片、茎秆和果实，苗期至成株期均可染病。茄子灰霉病一般造成茄子减产20-40％，严重时减产60％以上，影响茄子的农业生产。多年来生产中防治茄子灰霉病主要使用苯并咪唑类、二甲酰胺类或苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂，随着药剂的长期单独使用，导致病原菌抗性逐渐升高，进而使得现有多种药剂对其防治效果大幅下降，亟需筛选和开发新型防治药剂。
酚菌酮是我国拥有自主知识产权的植物源杀菌剂，化学名称∶1-邻羟基苯基丁酮，CAS∶2887-61-8，分子式∶C10H12O2，结构式如下∶
申请号CN99112525.8的中国专利文献公开了化合物1-邻羟基苯基丁酮的用途，并具体公开了制备过程、结构式和物理性质，同时还公开了1-邻羟基苯基丁酮对蔬菜、多种农作物和果树等的主要病害有抑制和杀菌作用。但是，1-邻羟基苯基丁酮与不同化合物复配时杀菌效果不同，需要进行进一步的研究。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种对茄子灰霉病病原菌具有杀菌增效作用、可为筛选和开发新型防治药剂提供支持的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物、杀菌剂及应用。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案。
一种防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，所述杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌复配而成。
上述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，优选的，所述酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1～10∶20～1。
上述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，优选的，所述酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺的质量比为1∶15～1。
上述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，优选的，所述酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺的质量比为1∶7.5。
上述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，优选的，所述酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌的质量比为1～20∶20～1。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种杀菌剂，包括上述的杀菌组合物。
作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种上述的杀菌组合物或者上述的杀菌剂在防治茄子灰霉病中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明的杀菌组合物中，酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺、苯酰菌胺或吡啶硫酮锌复配时，在一定质量比范围内对抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长表现出增效作用，与单一有效成分相比，可提高对病原菌抑制效果，进而可提高对茄子灰霉病的防治效果，可以为筛选和开发新型防治药剂提供支持。
(2)本发明的杀菌组合物可以延缓茄子灰霉病病原菌抗性的发展，延长药剂的使用寿命。
(3)本发明的杀菌组合物可以降低有效成分的使用量，降低防治成本，减轻环境压力。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体优选的实施例对本发明作进一步描述，但并不因此而限制本发明的保护范围。以下实施例中所采用的材料和仪器均为市售。
实施例1
一种本发明的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，该杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺复配而成。
本实施例中，酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1～10∶20～1。
一种本发明的杀菌剂，包括上述本实施例的杀菌组合物。
本实施例的杀菌组合物或者杀菌剂可应用于防治茄子灰霉病。
实施例2
一种本发明的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，该杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺复配而成。
本实施例中，酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺的质量比为1∶15～1，更优选1∶7.5。
一种本发明的杀菌剂，包括上述本实施例的杀菌组合物。
本实施例的杀菌组合物或者杀菌剂可应用于防治茄子灰霉病。
实施例3
一种本发明的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，该杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌复配而成。
本实施例中，酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌的质量比为1～20∶20～1。
一种本发明的杀菌剂，包括上述本实施例的杀菌组合物。
本实施例的杀菌组合物或者杀菌剂可应用于防治茄子灰霉病。
室内生物测定试验
1.供试菌株：采集染病的茄子叶片，在实验室内分离得到茄子灰霉病病原菌灰葡萄孢菌，保存于PDA培养基上。
2.供试药剂
98％酚菌酮(湖北恒景瑞化工有限公司)、93％双炔酰菌胺(瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司)、97％苯酰菌胺(大连凯飞化学股份有限公司)、99％吡啶硫酮锌(山东海舟生物工程有限公司)。
药剂处理：将供试药剂先用二甲基亚砜溶解，再用质量百分比为0.1％的吐温-80水溶液稀释，配制成单剂母液，根据实施例1-3设置多组配比，具体配比如表1-3所示，各单剂和配比混剂均按等比方法设置5个质量浓度梯度。
3.试验方法
采用菌丝生长速率法。将预先融化的PDA培养基9mL加入无菌锥形瓶中，从低浓度到高浓度依次定量吸取药液1mL，分别加入上述锥形瓶中，充分摇匀后倒入直径为9cm的培养皿中，制成相应浓度的含药平板；并设不含药剂的处理作空白对照，每个处理设置5个重复。用直径5mm打孔器在供试菌株菌落边缘切取菌饼，接种于含药平板和空白对照平板中央，菌丝面朝向上，盖上皿盖后置于25℃恒温箱培养。待空白对照菌落直径长至培养皿直径的2/3时，用十字交叉法测量菌落直径，计算不同处理对菌丝生长抑制率。
4.数据分析∶采用DPS软件进行数据统计分析，以杀菌剂浓度对数值为x，对应的菌丝生长抑制率几率值为y进行线性回归，得出毒力回归方程及药剂对靶标病菌的毒力EC50值，并根据孙云沛法计算共毒系数(CTC)。
上式中∶ATI--混剂实测的毒力指数；S--标准药剂的EC50，单位为mg/L；M--混剂的EC50，单位为mg/L。
TTI＝TIA×PA+TIB×PB
上式中∶TTI--混剂的理论毒力指数；TIA--A药剂的毒力指数；PA--A药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)；TIB--B药剂的毒力指数；PB--B药剂在混剂中百分含量，单位为百分率(％)。
上式中∶CTC--共毒系数；ATI--混剂实测的毒力指数；TTI--混剂的理论毒力指数。
5.测定结果
根据计算的共毒系数(CTC)评价药剂的增效作用，CTC≤80为拮抗作用，80＜CTC＜120为相加作用，CTC≥120为增效作用。结果见表1-3。
表1酚菌酮和双炔酰菌胺复配对灰葡萄孢菌的室内生物活性测定表
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 酚菌酮 | 5.0568 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 双炔酰菌胺 | 41.8802 | 12.0744 | -- | -- |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺60 | 39.7312 | 12.7275 | 13.5158 | 94.1675 |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺30 | 30.9279 | 16.3503 | 14.9107 | 109.6544 |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺20 | 24.2117 | 20.8858 | 16.2614 | 128.4379 |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺10 | 16.4835 | 30.6780 | 20.0677 | 152.8725 |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺5 | 10.5065 | 48.1302 | 26.7287 | 180.0694 |
| 酚菌酮1：双炔酰菌胺1 | 6.6587 | 75.9428 | 56.0372 | 135.5220 |
| 酚菌酮5：双炔酰菌胺1 | 2.0985 | 240.9721 | 85.3457 | 282.3482 |
| 酚菌酮10：双炔酰菌胺1 | 1.5377 | 328.8548 | 92.0068 | 357.4246 |
由表1可知，酚菌酮和双炔酰菌胺复配时，当酚菌酮和双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1∶60-30时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为相加作用；当酚菌酮和双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1-10∶20-1时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为增效作用。
表2酚菌酮和苯酰菌胺复配对灰葡萄孢菌的室内生物活性测定表
由表2可知，酚菌酮和苯酰菌胺复配时，当酚菌酮和苯酰菌胺的质量比为5∶1时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为相加作用；当酚菌酮和苯酰菌胺质量比为1∶15-1时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为增效作用，尤其是当质量比为1∶7.5时，共毒系数达到了653.1869，增效作用尤其显著。
表3酚菌酮和吡啶硫酮锌复配对灰葡萄孢菌的室内生物活性测定表
| 药剂名称及配比 | EC50(mg/L) | ATI | TTI | CTC |
| 酚菌酮 | 5.0568 | 100.0000 | -- | -- |
| 吡啶硫酮锌 | 8.3778 | 60.3595 | -- | -- |
| 酚菌酮1：吡啶硫酮锌30 | 7.0011 | 72.2286 | 61.6382 | 117.1815 |
| 酚菌酮1：吡啶硫酮锌20 | 5.1386 | 98.4081 | 62.2472 | 158.0925 |
| 酚菌酮1：吡啶硫酮锌10 | 6.3740 | 79.3348 | 63.9632 | 124.0319 |
| 酚菌酮1：吡啶硫酮锌5 | 3.8366 | 131.8042 | 66.9663 | 196.8218 |
| 酚菌酮1：吡啶硫酮锌1 | 2.4069 | 210.0960 | 80.1798 | 262.0312 |
| 酚菌酮5：吡啶硫酮锌1 | 3.3475 | 151.0620 | 93.3933 | 161.7483 |
| 酚菌酮10：吡啶硫酮锌1 | 3.7457 | 135.0028 | 96.3963 | 140.0497 |
| 酚菌酮20：吡啶硫酮锌1 | 1.8154 | 278.5502 | 98.1124 | 283.9094 |
| 酚菌酮30：吡啶硫酮锌1 | 5.1562 | 98.0722 | 98.7213 | 99.3425 |
由表3可知，酚菌酮和吡啶硫酮锌复配时，当酚菌酮和吡啶硫硐锌的质量比为1∶30及30∶1时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为相加作用；当酚菌酮和吡啶硫硐锌的质量比为1-20∶20-1时，对灰葡萄孢菌表现为增效作用。
综上所述，本发明酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺、苯酰菌胺或吡啶硫酮锌复配时，对抑制灰葡萄孢菌菌丝生长表现出增效作用，与单一有效成分相比，可以提高对病原菌抑制效果，进而可以提高对茄子灰霉病的防治效果，可为筛选和开发新型防治药剂提供支持。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神实质和技术方案的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同替换、等效变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述杀菌组合物的有效成分由酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺、或者由酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌复配而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述酚菌酮与双炔酰菌胺的质量比为1～10∶20～1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺的质量比为1∶15～1。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述酚菌酮与苯酰菌胺的质量比为1∶7.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防治茄子灰霉病的杀菌组合物，其特征在于，所述酚菌酮与吡啶硫酮锌的质量比为1～20∶20～1。
6.一种杀菌剂，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～5中任一项所述的杀菌组合物。
7.一种如权利要求1～5中任一项所述的杀菌组合物或者如权利要求6所述的杀菌剂在防治茄子灰霉病中的应用。
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