CN116505018B - Fuel cell cooling system device and method for improving temperature uniformity of battery - Google Patents
Fuel cell cooling system device and method for improving temperature uniformity of battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN116505018B CN116505018B CN202310704401.4A CN202310704401A CN116505018B CN 116505018 B CN116505018 B CN 116505018B CN 202310704401 A CN202310704401 A CN 202310704401A CN 116505018 B CN116505018 B CN 116505018B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003721 exogen phase Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008844 regulatory mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-en-7-one Chemical compound C1C2C(=O)OC1C=CC2 TVEXGJYMHHTVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04723—Temperature of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell cooling systems and temperature control methods, and particularly relates to a fuel cell cooling system device and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of a cell, wherein the device comprises a fuel cell bipolar plate, a raw material adding part is arranged on the fuel cell bipolar plate, and two opposite side walls of the fuel cell bipolar plate are fixedly connected with temperature regulating mechanisms; the temperature regulating mechanism comprises a radiator, a first temperature regulating branch inlet end and a second temperature regulating branch inlet end are communicated with the outlet end of the radiator, the first temperature regulating branch is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the second temperature regulating branch is fixedly connected with the other side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the outlet end of the first temperature regulating branch and the outlet end of the second temperature regulating branch are fixedly communicated with the inlet end of a water pump together, and the outlet end of the water pump is fixedly communicated with the inlet end of the radiator. The device can improve the temperature uniformity at two sides of the fuel cell, prolong the service life of the fuel cell and improve the performance of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell cooling systems and temperature control methods, and particularly relates to a fuel cell cooling system device and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of a cell.
Background
In the normal temperature working process of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell, air and hydrogen react in the cell to generate electricity and heat. The heat generated by the battery accounts for more than 50% of the converted chemical energy, and the accumulation of the heat causes the continuous temperature rise of the membrane electrode of the battery to generate local hot spots and thermal perforation, so the vehicle-mounted fuel battery needs a cooling system device to take away the generated heat, and the temperature of the fuel battery is kept in a proper range. However, due to the arrangement of the gas flow channels, the gas distribution area and the accumulation of liquid water in the flow channels, there is a difference in the concentration of the reactant gas in the flow channels close to the oxidant gas inlet and the concentration of the reactant gas in the flow channels far from the oxidant gas inlet, which results in inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the plate. The overlarge temperature difference at the two sides of the polar plate not only affects the output performance of the battery, but also reduces the service life and the safety of the battery due to the phenomena of local hot spots and thermal perforation with overlarge temperature.
Chinese patent CN115692796a discloses a fuel cell temperature composite control parameter adjustment method, which can control the average temperature of the stack to reach a target value, but cannot ensure the temperature uniformity at both sides of the stack.
Chinese patent CN114361468A discloses an external cooling type liquid cooling fuel cell bipolar plate and stack, which cannot independently regulate the temperature of the fins at both sides, and the problem of temperature difference between the fins at both sides of the cell still exists.
In summary, the conventional fuel cell cooling system device and method can only adjust the average temperature of the electric pile (i.e. the average value of the water temperature at the inlet of the electric pile and the water temperature at the outlet of the electric pile), the temperatures of the cooling fins at the two sides of the bipolar plate cannot be independently adjusted, and the problem of large temperature difference at the two sides of the battery still occurs, so that the service life and performance of the battery are reduced.
Accordingly, there is a need to devise a fuel cell cooling system apparatus and method that improves cell temperature uniformity to address the above-described issues.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell cooling system device and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of a cell, so as to solve the problems, and achieve the purposes of improving the temperature uniformity of two sides of the fuel cell, prolonging the service life of the fuel cell and improving the performance of the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the fuel cell cooling system device for improving the temperature uniformity of the cell comprises a fuel cell bipolar plate, wherein a raw material adding part is arranged on the fuel cell bipolar plate, and two opposite side walls of the fuel cell bipolar plate are fixedly connected with temperature regulating mechanisms;
the temperature regulation mechanism comprises a radiator, a first temperature regulation branch inlet end and a second temperature regulation branch inlet end are communicated with the outlet end of the radiator, the first temperature regulation branch is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the second temperature regulation branch is fixedly connected with the other side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the outlet end of the first temperature regulation branch is fixedly communicated with the outlet end of the second temperature regulation branch, the outlet end of the water pump is fixedly communicated with the inlet end of the radiator, and the first temperature regulation branch, the second temperature regulation branch, the water pump and the radiator are filled with cooling liquid.
Preferably, the first temperature regulation branch circuit comprises a first interface heat exchanger, the first interface heat exchanger is internally filled with cooling liquid, one end of the first interface heat exchanger is provided with a cooling liquid inlet, the cooling liquid inlet is communicated with an outlet end of the radiator, the outlet end of the radiator is provided with a radiator outlet temperature sensor, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged between the radiator outlet temperature sensor and the cooling liquid inlet, the other end of the first interface heat exchanger is provided with a cooling liquid outlet, the cooling liquid outlet is communicated with an inlet end of the water pump, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves which are arranged at equal intervals are formed in the side wall of the first interface heat exchanger, a first temperature regulation part is detachably connected in each sliding groove, and the first temperature regulation part is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the first temperature adjusting part comprises a first cooling fin, one side of the first cooling fin is detachably connected with the sliding groove, the other side of the first cooling fin is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and the upper surface and the lower surface of one side, close to the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, of the first cooling fin are fixedly connected with a first electric heating film.
Preferably, the second temperature regulation branch circuit comprises a second interface heat exchanger, cooling liquid is filled in the second interface heat exchanger, one end of the second interface heat exchanger is provided with a cooling liquid inlet, the cooling liquid inlet is communicated with an outlet end of the radiator, a second electromagnetic valve is arranged between the outlet temperature sensor of the radiator and the cooling liquid inlet, a cooling liquid outlet is arranged at the other end of the second interface heat exchanger, the cooling liquid outlet is communicated with an inlet end of the water pump, a second temperature sensor is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet and the inlet end of the water pump, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves which are arranged at equal intervals are formed in the side wall of the second interface heat exchanger, and a second temperature regulation part is detachably connected in the sliding grooves and fixedly connected with the other side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the second temperature adjusting part comprises a second cooling fin, one side of the second cooling fin is detachably connected with the sliding groove, the other side of the second cooling fin is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and the upper surface and the lower surface of one side, close to the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, of the second cooling fin are fixedly connected with a second electric heating film.
Preferably, the raw material adding part comprises an oxidant inlet, an oxidant outlet, a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet, wherein the oxidant inlet is communicated with the oxidant outlet through a gas flow channel formed in the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the fuel inlet is communicated with the fuel outlet through the gas flow channel, the oxidant inlet and the fuel inlet are positioned on one side of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, the oxidant outlet and the fuel outlet are positioned on the other side of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, and connecting lines of the oxidant inlet and the oxidant outlet are arranged in a crossing manner with connecting lines of the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet.
Preferably, a water tank is communicated between the inlet end of the water pump and the outlet end of the radiator.
A method of using a fuel cell cooling system apparatus to improve cell temperature uniformity, comprising: a low-temperature cold start stage, a normal-temperature operation stage and a shutdown stage;
in the low-temperature cold start stage, the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch are used for heating the cooling liquid, after the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the heating is stopped, and the device enters the normal-temperature operation stage;
in the normal temperature operation stage, the absolute value of the temperature difference of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃.
Preferably, the method comprises the steps of,
when the device is in the low-temperature cold start stage, the rotating speed of the water pump is firstly increased, low-temperature cooling liquid starts to circulate, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch starts to work to heat the cooling liquid, and when the temperature of the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the device enters the normal-temperature operation stage, and the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch are closed.
Preferably, the normal temperature operation stage comprises a starting stage, a loading stage, a load stabilization stage and a load shedding stage;
when the device is in a starting and loading stage, the load current I is increased, the rotating speed of the water pump is increased, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated to ensure that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in a load stabilization stage, the load current I is unchanged, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch is kept unchanged, and the absolute value of the temperature difference is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in a load shedding stage, load current I is reduced, the rotating speed of the water pump is reduced, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated to ensure that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is stopped, the water pump stops rotating, and the first temperature regulating branch circuit and the second temperature regulating branch circuit are reset to an initial state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
according to the invention, the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch are designed on the two sides of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell, so that the flow resistance of the cooling liquid can be reduced, and the power consumption of the water pump can be reduced; secondly, the temperature difference of two sides of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell is reduced by controlling the rotation speed of the water pump and the flow of the cooling liquid of the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch, so that the temperature uniformity of the cell is improved. The absolute value of the temperature difference at two sides of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell is maintained within 1 ℃ through the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch, and the temperatures at two sides of the bipolar plate of the fuel cell can be independently regulated, so that the temperatures at two sides are basically consistent.
Drawings
For a clearer description of an embodiment of the invention or of the solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiment will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bipolar plate and a first interface heat exchanger of a fuel cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a coolant temperature versus electrical heating film power meter;
FIG. 4 is a current-water pump tachometer;
FIG. 5 is a general control flow diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a control flow diagram of the low temperature cold start, start and load phases of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the load stabilization, load shedding, and shutdown control of the apparatus of the present invention.
1, a fuel cell bipolar plate; 2. an oxidant inlet; 3. an oxidant outlet; 4. a fuel inlet; 5. a fuel outlet; 6. a gas flow channel; 7. a first cooling fin; 8. a second cooling fin; 9. a water pump; 10. a heat sink; 11. a radiator outlet temperature sensor; 12. a first electromagnetic valve; 13. a first interface heat exchanger; 14. a first temperature sensor; 15. a second electromagnetic valve; 16. a second interface heat exchanger; 17. a second temperature sensor; 18. a water tank; 19. a first electrically heated film; 20. a second electrically heated film; 21. a chute; 22. a cooling liquid inlet; 23. and a cooling liquid outlet.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the invention provides a fuel cell cooling system device for improving the temperature uniformity of a cell, which comprises a fuel cell bipolar plate 1, wherein a raw material adding part is arranged on the fuel cell bipolar plate 1, and two opposite side walls of the fuel cell bipolar plate 1 are fixedly connected with a temperature regulating mechanism;
the temperature regulation mechanism comprises a radiator 10, the outlet end of the radiator 10 is communicated with the inlet end of a first temperature regulation branch and the inlet end of a second temperature regulation branch, the first temperature regulation branch is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell, the second temperature regulation branch is fixedly connected with the other side wall of the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell, the outlet end of the first temperature regulation branch and the outlet end of the second temperature regulation branch are fixedly communicated with the inlet end of a water pump 9 together, the outlet end of the water pump 9 is fixedly communicated with the inlet end of the radiator 10, and the first temperature regulation branch, the second temperature regulation branch, the water pump 9 and the radiator 10 are filled with cooling liquid.
Further optimizing scheme, first temperature regulation branch road includes first interface heat exchanger 13, the coolant liquid is filled in the first interface heat exchanger 13, first interface heat exchanger 13 one end is provided with coolant liquid import 22, coolant liquid import 22 and radiator 10 exit end intercommunication, radiator 10 exit end is provided with radiator outlet temperature sensor 11, be provided with first solenoid valve 12 between radiator outlet temperature sensor 11 and the coolant liquid import 22, first interface heat exchanger 13 other end is provided with coolant liquid export 23, coolant liquid export 23 and water pump 9 entrance point intercommunication, be provided with first temperature sensor 14 between coolant liquid export 23 and the water pump 9 entrance point, a plurality of parallel and equidistant spout 21 that set up have been seted up to first interface heat exchanger 13 lateral wall, detachable connection has first temperature regulation portion in spout 21, first temperature regulation portion and fuel cell bipolar plate 1 lateral wall fixed connection.
Further optimizing scheme, first temperature regulation portion includes first cooling fin 7, and first cooling fin 7 one side is connected with spout 21 can be dismantled, and first cooling fin 7 opposite side and fuel cell bipolar plate 1 lateral wall fixed connection, the upper and lower surface of one side that first cooling fin 7 is close to fuel cell bipolar plate 1 all is fixedly connected with first electric heating film 19.
According to a further optimization scheme, the second temperature regulation branch comprises a second interface heat exchanger 16, cooling liquid is filled in the second interface heat exchanger 16, a cooling liquid inlet 22 is formed in one end of the second interface heat exchanger 16, the cooling liquid inlet 22 is communicated with the outlet end of the radiator 10, a second electromagnetic valve 15 is arranged between the radiator outlet temperature sensor 11 and the cooling liquid inlet 22, a cooling liquid outlet 23 is formed in the other end of the second interface heat exchanger 16, the cooling liquid outlet 23 is communicated with the inlet end of the water pump 9, a second temperature sensor 17 is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet 23 and the inlet end of the water pump 9, a plurality of parallel sliding grooves 21 which are arranged at equal intervals are formed in the side wall of the second interface heat exchanger 16, and a second temperature regulation part is detachably connected in the sliding grooves 21 and fixedly connected with the other side wall of the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell.
Further optimizing scheme, the second temperature regulation portion includes second cooling fin 8, and second cooling fin 8 one side is connected with spout 21 can be dismantled, and second cooling fin 8 opposite side and fuel cell bipolar plate 1 lateral wall fixed connection, the upper and lower surface of the one side that second cooling fin 8 is close to fuel cell bipolar plate 1 all fixedly connected with second electrical heating film 20.
According to a further optimization scheme, the raw material adding part comprises an oxidant inlet 2, an oxidant outlet 3, a fuel inlet 4 and a fuel outlet 5, wherein the oxidant inlet 2 is communicated with the oxidant outlet 3 through a gas flow channel 6 formed in the fuel cell bipolar plate 1, the fuel inlet 4 is communicated with the fuel outlet 5 through the gas flow channel 6, the oxidant inlet 2 and the fuel inlet 4 are positioned on one side of the fuel cell bipolar plate 1, the oxidant outlet 3 and the fuel outlet 5 are positioned on the other side of the fuel cell bipolar plate 1, and connecting lines of the oxidant inlet 2 and the oxidant outlet 3 are arranged in a crossed manner with connecting lines of the fuel inlet 4 and the fuel outlet 5.
In the normal temperature operation process of the fuel cell, oxidant and fuel respectively enter the gas flow channel 6 in the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell through the oxidant inlet 2 and the fuel inlet 4, react to generate electricity and heat, and the rest of the oxidant and fuel are discharged through the oxidant outlet 3 and the fuel outlet 5. Meanwhile, the cooling liquid enters the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch under the shunting action of the first electromagnetic valve 12 and the second electromagnetic valve 15, and respectively passes through the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the second interface heat exchanger 16 to realize heat exchange, and then is converged to reach the water pump 9 and the radiator 10. The heat generated by the battery is firstly conducted to the first cooling fin 7 and the second cooling fin 8, and then is conducted to the cooling liquid in the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the second interface heat exchanger 16 on the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch, so that heat transfer of the battery is realized. The opening of the first electromagnetic valve 12, the opening of the second electromagnetic valve 15 and the rotating speed of the water pump 9 are regulated, so that the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing through the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the second interface heat exchanger 16 is regulated, the temperatures of the first cooling fin 7 and the second cooling fin 8 on the two sides of the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell are controlled to be consistent, and the uniformity of the internal temperature of the fuel cell is improved. Initial opening a of first solenoid valve 12 1 And a second electricityInitial opening a of the magnetic valve 15 2 All 90 deg..
During the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell, the radiator 10 is not operated, the first and second electric heating films 19 and 20 are energized, and the first and second cooling fins 7 and 8 are heated by heat conduction. A part of heat is transferred to the fuel cell for heating up the cell; a part of the coolant passes through the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the second interface heat exchanger 16 and enters the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch for heating up the coolant. The power of the first electric heating film 19 and the power of the second electric heating film 20 are regulated, so that the temperatures of the first cooling fins 7 and the second cooling fins 8 on the two sides of the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell are controlled to reach 0 ℃ at the same time, and the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, the first electric heating films 19 are flatly attached to the upper and lower sides of the first cooling fins 7, the first cooling fins 7 are connected to the first interface heat exchanger 13 through the sliding grooves 21, and the number of the sliding grooves 21 determines the number of the first interface heat exchanger 13 connected to the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell. When the fuel cell is operated at normal temperature, the first electric heating film 19 does not work, waste heat generated by the fuel cell is firstly conducted from the fuel cell bipolar plate 1 to the first cooling fins 7 and then conducted to the shell of the first interface heat exchanger 13, the cooling liquid flowing in from the cooling liquid inlet 22 exchanges heat with the shell of the first interface heat exchanger 13, and the cooling liquid absorbing heat flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 23. During cold start operation, the first electric heating film 19 starts and heats the first cooling fins 7, part of heat is used for heating up the bipolar plate 1 of the fuel cell, and part of heat is used for heating up the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the cooling liquid, so that the cold start temperature of the fuel cell is ensured to reach the start requirement.
In a further optimized scheme, a water tank 18 is communicated between the inlet end of the water pump 9 and the outlet end of the radiator 10.
A method of using a fuel cell cooling system apparatus to improve cell temperature uniformity, comprising: a low-temperature cold start stage, a normal-temperature operation stage and a shutdown stage;
in the low-temperature cold start stage, the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch are used for heating the cooling liquid, after the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the heating is stopped, and the device enters the normal-temperature operation stage;
in the normal temperature operation stage, the absolute value of the temperature difference of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃.
The scheme is further optimized and the method is characterized in that,
when the device is in a low-temperature cold start stage, the rotating speed of the water pump 9 is firstly increased to enable low-temperature cooling liquid to start circulating, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first temperature adjusting branch circuit and/or the second temperature adjusting branch circuit is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first temperature adjusting branch circuit and/or the second temperature adjusting branch circuit start working to heat the cooling liquid, and when the temperature of the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the device enters a normal-temperature operation stage, and the first temperature adjusting branch circuit and/or the second temperature adjusting branch circuit are closed.
When the device is in the low temperature cold start stage, the rotation speed of the water pump 9 is firstly increased to n 0 The circulation of the low-temperature coolant is started, and the temperature T of the first temperature sensor 14 1 And the temperature T of the second temperature sensor 17 2 All less than 0deg.C, the first electrically heated film 19 is according to T 1 Look-up table to obtain power P 1 The second electrically heated film 20 is according to T 2 Look-up table to obtain power P 2 The first electric heating film 19 and the second electric heating film 20 respectively use the power P 1 、P 2 The cooling liquid in the bipolar plate 1, the first interface heat exchanger 13 and the second interface heat exchanger 16 of the fuel cell is heated after working for one minute; when T is 1 T is less than 0 DEG C 2 Above 0 ℃, the first electrically heated film 19 is operated for only one minute; when T is 1 Greater than 0 ℃ and T 2 When the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the second electric heating film 20 is operated for only one minute, and after heating for one minute, the first temperature sensor 14 and the second temperature sensor 17 re-measure the temperature T of the cooling liquid 1 And T 2 When T 1 And T 2 When the temperature is higher than 0 ℃, the device can be started at normal temperature, and the first electric heating film 19 and the second electric heating film 20 are closed.
In the cold start stage of the device, the heating power of the first electric heating film 19 and the heating power of the second electric heating film 20 can be controlled separately, so that the purpose of controlling the temperature uniformity of the battery can be achieved.
Further optimizing the scheme, wherein the normal-temperature operation stage comprises a starting stage, a loading stage, a load stabilization stage and a load shedding stage;
when the device is in a starting and loading stage, the load current I is increased, the rotating speed of the water pump 9 is increased, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated, so that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in the starting and loading stage, the load current I is increased, the current-water pump tachometer is checked to obtain the water pump rotational speed n corresponding to the current I and increase the rotational speed n of the water pump 9, and after the device is operated for three minutes, the first temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature T of the cooling liquid 1 The second temperature sensor 17 detects the coolant temperature T 2 When T 2 And T is 1 When the temperature difference of (2) is greater than 1 ℃, the opening a of the first electromagnetic valve 12 is reduced 1 The flow rate of the cooling liquid of the first temperature regulating branch is reduced, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid of the second temperature regulating branch is increased, namely T is increased 1 And decrease T 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When T is 2 And T is 1 When the temperature difference of (2) is less than-1 ℃, the opening a of the second electromagnetic valve 15 is reduced 2 The flow rate of the cooling liquid of the second temperature regulating branch is reduced, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid of the first temperature regulating branch is increased, namely T is increased 2 And decrease T 1 ；
In the start-up and loading phase, the opening a of the first solenoid valve 12 1 Or the opening a of the second solenoid valve 15 2 Will continuously change until T 1 And T 2 The absolute value of the temperature difference is controlled within 1 ℃, so that the temperature of the first cooling fin 7 and the second cooling fin 8 of the fuel cell is basically consistent, and the uniformity of the temperature of the cell is improved.
When the device is in a load stabilization stage, the load current I is unchanged, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch is kept unchanged, and the absolute value of the temperature difference is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the deviceIn the load stabilization phase, the load current I is constant and the opening a of the first solenoid valve 12 is constant 1 Opening a of the second solenoid valve 15 2 Remain unchanged, T 1 And T 2 Maintaining unchanged, and controlling the absolute value of the temperature difference within 1 ℃;
when the device is in a load shedding stage, the load current I is reduced, the rotating speed of the water pump 9 is reduced, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated, so that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in the load shedding stage, the load current I is reduced, the current-water pump tachometer is checked to obtain the water pump rotational speed n corresponding to the current I, the rotational speed n of the water pump 9 is reduced, and after the device is operated for three minutes, the first temperature sensor 14 detects the temperature T of the cooling liquid 1 The second temperature sensor 17 detects the coolant temperature T 2 When T 2 And T is 1 When the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the opening a of the second electromagnetic valve 15 is increased 2 Reducing the flow of the cooling liquid of the first temperature regulating branch while increasing the flow of the cooling liquid of the second temperature regulating branch, namely, increasing T 1 And decrease T 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When T is 2 And T is 1 When the temperature difference of (2) is less than-1 ℃, the opening degree a of the first electromagnetic valve 12 is increased 1 Reducing the flow of the second temperature regulating branch cooling liquid while increasing the flow of the first temperature regulating branch cooling liquid, namely increasing T 2 And decrease T 1 ；
Opening a of the first solenoid valve 12 1 Or the opening a of the second solenoid valve 15 2 Will continuously change until T 1 And T 2 The absolute value of the temperature difference is controlled within 1 ℃, so that the temperature of the first cooling fin 7 and the second cooling fin 8 of the fuel cell is basically consistent, and the uniformity of the temperature of the cell is improved.
When the device is stopped, the water pump 9 stops rotating, and the first temperature regulating branch circuit and the second temperature regulating branch circuit are reset to the initial states.
When the device is stopped, the water pump 9 stops rotatingOpening a of the first solenoid valve 12 1 And the opening a of the second solenoid valve 15 2 Reset to 90 deg..
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the coolant temperature-electric heating film power and the current-water pump tachometer are obtained through experimental tests, and after the first electric heating film 19 or the second electric heating film 20 is heated for one minute, the first temperature sensor 14 and the second temperature sensor 17 need to measure the coolant outlet temperatures T of the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch again 1 And T 2 To ensure the consistent heating rate of both sides of the battery. And at the water pump rotation speed n, the opening a of the first solenoid valve 12 1 Or the opening a of the second solenoid valve 15 2 After the change, the first temperature sensor 14 and the second temperature sensor 17 are required to wait three minutes for the battery to operate and then measure the coolant outlet temperatures T of the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch again 1 And T 2 To ensure that the fuel cell produces heat and dissipates heat in balance.
The invention relates to a fuel cell cooling system device and a method for improving the temperature uniformity of a cell. Through designing the first temperature regulation branch road inlet end, the second temperature regulation branch road, through adjusting aperture, the water pump 9 rotational speed and the fan rotational speed of first solenoid valve 12, second solenoid valve 15, and then adjust the coolant flow that flows through first interface heat exchanger 13, second interface heat exchanger 16 to the temperature of control fuel cell bipolar plate 1 both sides first cooling fin 7, second cooling fin 8 tends to be unanimous, improves the temperature homogeneity of fuel cell both sides.
Table 1 comparison table of temperature-electric heating film power-water pump rotation speed at cold start stage
| Temperature/. Degree.C | Electric heating film power/W | Water pump speed/r/min |
| -30 | 200 | 800 |
| -25 | 150 | 800 |
| -20 | 120 | 800 |
| -15 | 90 | 800 |
| -10 | 60 | 800 |
| -5 | 40 | 800 |
| 0 | 0 | 800 |
Table 2 comparison table of current-water pump rotation speed at normal temperature operation stage
| current/A | Water pump speed/r/min |
| 20 | 800 |
| 50 | 1000 |
| 100 | 1400 |
| 150 | 3100 |
| 200 | 4500 |
| 250 | 5700 |
| 300 | 6500 |
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The fuel cell cooling system device for improving the temperature uniformity of the battery is characterized by comprising a fuel cell bipolar plate (1), wherein a raw material adding part is arranged on the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), and two opposite side walls of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1) are fixedly connected with a temperature regulating mechanism;
the temperature regulating mechanism comprises a radiator (10), a first temperature regulating branch inlet end and a second temperature regulating branch inlet end are communicated with the outlet end of the radiator (10), the first temperature regulating branch is fixedly connected with the side wall of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), the second temperature regulating branch is fixedly connected with the other side wall of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), the outlet end of the first temperature regulating branch and the outlet end of the second temperature regulating branch are fixedly communicated with the inlet end of the water pump (9), the outlet end of the water pump (9) is fixedly communicated with the inlet end of the radiator (10), and the first temperature regulating branch, the second temperature regulating branch, the water pump (9) and the radiator (10) are filled with cooling liquid;
the first temperature regulation branch circuit comprises a first interface heat exchanger (13), wherein cooling liquid is filled in the first interface heat exchanger (13), one end of the first interface heat exchanger (13) is provided with a cooling liquid inlet (22), the cooling liquid inlet (22) is communicated with the outlet end of the radiator (10), the outlet end of the radiator (10) is provided with a radiator outlet temperature sensor (11), a first electromagnetic valve (12) is arranged between the radiator outlet temperature sensor (11) and the cooling liquid inlet (22), the other end of the first interface heat exchanger (13) is provided with a cooling liquid outlet (23), the cooling liquid outlet (23) is communicated with the inlet end of the water pump (9), a first temperature sensor (14) is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet (23) and the inlet end of the water pump (9), a plurality of parallel and equally-spaced sliding grooves (21) are formed in the side wall of the first interface heat exchanger (13), a first temperature regulation part is detachably connected in the sliding grooves (21), and the first temperature regulation part is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar battery (1);
the first temperature adjusting part comprises a first cooling fin (7), one side of the first cooling fin (7) is detachably connected with the sliding groove (21), the other side of the first cooling fin (7) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), and the upper surface and the lower surface of one side, close to the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), of the first cooling fin (7) are fixedly connected with a first electric heating film (19).
2. The fuel cell cooling system device for improving the temperature uniformity of a battery according to claim 1, wherein the second temperature regulating branch comprises a second interface heat exchanger (16), cooling liquid is filled in the second interface heat exchanger (16), a cooling liquid inlet (22) is formed in one end of the second interface heat exchanger (16), the cooling liquid inlet (22) is communicated with an outlet end of the radiator (10), a second electromagnetic valve (15) is arranged between the radiator outlet temperature sensor (11) and the cooling liquid inlet (22), a cooling liquid outlet (23) is formed in the other end of the second interface heat exchanger (16), the cooling liquid outlet (23) is communicated with an inlet end of the water pump (9), a second temperature sensor (17) is arranged between the cooling liquid outlet (23) and the inlet end of the water pump (9), a plurality of parallel and equally-spaced sliding grooves (21) are formed in the side wall of the second interface heat exchanger (16), a second temperature regulating part is detachably connected in the sliding grooves (21), and the second temperature regulating part is fixedly connected with the other bipolar plate (1).
3. The fuel cell cooling system device for improving the uniformity of the temperature of a battery according to claim 2, wherein the second temperature adjusting part comprises a second cooling fin (8), one side of the second cooling fin (8) is detachably connected with the sliding groove (21), the other side of the second cooling fin (8) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the bipolar plate (1) of the fuel cell, and the upper surface and the lower surface of one side, close to the bipolar plate (1) of the fuel cell, of the second cooling fin (8) are fixedly connected with a second electric heating film (20).
4. The fuel cell cooling system device for improving temperature uniformity of a fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the raw material adding part comprises an oxidant inlet (2), an oxidant outlet (3), a fuel inlet (4) and a fuel outlet (5), the oxidant inlet (2) is communicated with the oxidant outlet (3) through a gas flow channel (6) formed inside the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), the fuel inlet (4) is communicated with the fuel outlet (5) through the gas flow channel (6), the oxidant inlet (2) and the fuel inlet (4) are positioned on one side of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), the oxidant outlet (3) and the fuel outlet (5) are positioned on the other side of the fuel cell bipolar plate (1), and a connecting line of the oxidant inlet (2) and the oxidant outlet (3) is crossed with a connecting line of the fuel inlet (4) and the fuel outlet (5).
5. A fuel cell cooling system apparatus for improving uniformity of temperature of a battery according to claim 1, wherein a water tank (18) is communicated between an inlet end of said water pump (9) and an outlet end of said radiator (10).
6. A method of using the fuel cell cooling system apparatus of any one of claims 1-5 to improve cell temperature uniformity, comprising: a low-temperature cold start stage, a normal-temperature operation stage and a shutdown stage;
in the low-temperature cold start stage, the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch are used for heating the cooling liquid, after the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the heating is stopped, and the device enters the normal-temperature operation stage;
in the normal temperature operation stage, the absolute value of the temperature difference of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃.
7. The method of using a fuel cell cooling system apparatus for improving the temperature uniformity of a battery according to claim 6, wherein;
when the device is in the low-temperature cold start stage, the rotating speed of the water pump (9) is firstly increased, low-temperature cooling liquid starts to circulate, when the temperature of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch starts to work to heat the cooling liquid, and when the temperature of the cooling liquid is heated to be more than 0 ℃, the device enters the normal-temperature operation stage, and the first temperature regulation branch and/or the second temperature regulation branch are closed.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the normal temperature operation phase comprises a start-up phase, a loading phase, a load stabilization phase, and a load shedding phase;
when the device is in a starting and loading stage, the load current I is increased, the rotating speed of the water pump (9) is increased, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated to ensure that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in a load stabilization stage, the load current I is unchanged, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulation branch and the second temperature regulation branch is kept unchanged, and the absolute value of the temperature difference is controlled to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is in a load shedding stage, load current I is reduced, the rotating speed of the water pump (9) is reduced, after the device is operated, the temperature difference of cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the second temperature regulating branch is detected, and when the absolute value of the temperature difference is less than or equal to 1 ℃, the device is operated normally; when the absolute value of the temperature difference is greater than 1 ℃, the flow of the cooling liquid in the first temperature regulating branch and the flow of the cooling liquid in the second temperature regulating branch are regulated to ensure that the absolute value of the temperature difference is reduced to be less than or equal to 1 ℃;
when the device is stopped, the water pump (9) stops rotating, and the first temperature regulating branch circuit and the second temperature regulating branch circuit are reset to an initial state.
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