CN211404638U - Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle - Google Patents
Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN211404638U CN211404638U CN202020046372.9U CN202020046372U CN211404638U CN 211404638 U CN211404638 U CN 211404638U CN 202020046372 U CN202020046372 U CN 202020046372U CN 211404638 U CN211404638 U CN 211404638U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The utility model relates to a vehicle fuel cell heat management system and a vehicle, which comprises a fuel cell heat circulation pipeline and a water heating pipeline, wherein a first heater is arranged in the fuel cell heat circulation pipeline, and a second heater is arranged in the water heating pipeline; the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is characterized by further comprising a fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger, a first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger are arranged in a fuel cell heat circulation pipeline, a second group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger are arranged in the water heating pipeline, and the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger and the first heater are arranged in parallel. The utility model discloses when realizing that fuel cell's heat can obtain utilizing, also can guarantee fuel cell's temperature control, improved fuel cell temperature control's reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle belongs to new energy automobile technical field.
Background
As a new energy automobile, a fuel cell automobile has the characteristics of no pollution and zero emission, and is increasingly paid more attention by people. However, when the fuel cell is operated, the normal operating temperature of the fuel cell needs to be ensured, and the operating temperature cannot be too high or too low. In order to dissipate heat to the fuel cell, the fuel cell is provided with a fuel cell cooling system, i.e. a fuel cell heat dissipation line in which a fuel cell heat sink is arranged, through which the residual heat of the fuel cell can be discharged to the air. Although the fuel cell radiator can reduce the temperature of the fuel cell, it also wastes energy.
In order to utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell, the vehicle warm air heat exchanger can be directly arranged in the heat dissipation pipeline of the fuel cell, and at the moment, the cooling liquid in the heat dissipation pipeline of the fuel cell can enter the warm air pipeline through the vehicle warm air heat exchanger so as to heat the interior of the vehicle. However, due to the space of the whole vehicle, the arrangement introduces a large number of pipelines into the fuel cell cooling system, particularly passenger vehicles, and a plurality of warm air heat exchangers are required to be arranged, so that the pipeline resistance is large. Because the fuel cell controls the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell through the flow of the cooling liquid, the capacity of the conventional electronic water pump of the vehicle is limited, the rotating speed of the water pump can not reach enough flow, the temperature of a fuel cell system is over-temperature, and the power consumption of the water pump is also improved.
In order to avoid directly arranging the vehicle warm air heat exchanger in the fuel cell heat dissipation pipeline, a plate type heat exchanger can be adopted to realize heat exchange between the fuel cell heat dissipation pipeline and the warm air pipeline. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN109473699A discloses a low-temperature start system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which realizes cold start and waste heat utilization of a fuel cell by arranging a warm air heat exchanger (plate heat exchanger) to perform heat exchange between a heat dissipation pipeline of the fuel cell and the warm air pipeline. However, in this system, since the warm air heat exchanger and the first water heater are provided in series in the small-cycle low-temperature start circuit, there are the following problems: 1. the system resistance is large; 2. when the fuel cell is started at a low temperature, the cooling liquid heated by the first water heater exchanges heat with the low-temperature cooling liquid in the water heating pipeline through the warm air heat exchanger again, although the cooling liquid is heated again by the second water heater, the whole cooling liquid still absorbs heat from the fuel cell system, so that the temperature rise of the fuel cell system is slow, and the cold starting speed of the fuel cell is slow; 3. when the fuel cell is cooled, the fuel cell coolant is heated to the warm air pipeline through the warm air heat exchanger, so that energy can be reused, but the cooling capacity of the fuel cell is changed, and the cooling capacity of the warm air heat exchanger is not adjustable, so that the temperature control of the fuel cell is unreliable.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle for solve because the warm braw heat exchanger cluster is established in little circulation, lead to the insecure problem of fuel cell's temperature control.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system, which comprises a fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline and a water heating pipeline, wherein a first heater is arranged in the fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline, and a second heater is arranged in the water heating pipeline; the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger comprises a fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger, a first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger are arranged in a fuel cell heat circulation pipeline, a second group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger are arranged in a water heating pipeline, and the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger and the first heater are arranged in parallel.
The utility model has the advantages that: the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is connected with the first heater in parallel, so that when the fuel cell is used for heat dissipation, when the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell is small, part of cooling liquid of the fuel cell can flow through the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger, the heat of the fuel cell can be utilized, meanwhile, the temperature control of the fuel cell can be ensured, and the reliability of the temperature control of the fuel cell is improved.
Further, in order to control the flow of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell heat-dissipation water-heating heat exchanger and the first heater, so as to further improve the reliability of the temperature control of the fuel cell, the fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline further comprises a first control valve, a first port of the first control valve is used for connecting a water outlet of the fuel cell, a second port of the first control valve is used for connecting water inlets of a first group of ports of the fuel cell heat-dissipation water-heating heat exchanger, and a third port of the first control valve is used for connecting a water inlet of the first heater.
Further, in order to realize the temperature control of the fuel cell and simultaneously realize the waste heat utilization, a fuel cell system radiator is arranged in the fuel cell heat circulation pipeline, and the fuel cell system radiator is connected with the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat radiation water heating heat exchanger in parallel.
Furthermore, in order to control the flow of the cooling liquid entering the fuel cell heat-dissipation water-heating heat exchanger and the fuel cell system radiator, a second control valve is serially arranged at a first group of ports of the fuel cell heat-dissipation water-heating heat exchanger, and a third control valve is serially arranged at the fuel cell system radiator.
Further, in order to heat the fuel cell by using as much heat of the water heating pipeline as possible, a warm air radiator is arranged in the water heating pipeline, and the warm air radiator is provided with a bypass pipeline.
Further, in order to control the flow rate of the cooling liquid flowing into the warm air radiator and the bypass pipeline, the warm air pipeline comprises a fourth control valve, a first port of the fourth control valve is used for being connected with the water outlet of the second heater, a second port of the fourth control valve is used for being connected with the bypass pipeline, and a third port of the fourth control valve is used for being connected with the water inlet of the warm air radiator.
Further, the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger, and the first control valve is an electronic thermostat.
Further, the second control valve is an electromagnetic valve, and the third control valve is a proportional control valve.
Further, the first heater and the second heater are both PTC heaters.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model also provides a vehicle, including fuel cell system, still include above-mentioned arbitrary vehicle fuel cell thermal management system.
The utility model has the advantages that: the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is connected with the first heater in parallel, so that when the fuel cell is used for heat dissipation, when the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell is small, part of cooling liquid of the fuel cell can flow through the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger, the heat of the fuel cell can be utilized, meanwhile, the temperature control of the fuel cell can be ensured, and the reliability of the temperature control of the fuel cell is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system according to the present invention;
wherein: the system comprises a fuel cell 1, a first automobile electronic water pump 2, a first electronic thermostat 3, a first PTC heater 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, a plate heat exchanger 6, a proportional control valve 7, a fuel cell radiator 8, a second automobile electronic water pump 2, a second electronic thermostat 10, a second PTC heater 11 and a water heating radiator 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the vehicle is as follows:
the present embodiments provide a vehicle including a fuel cell system and a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system. The thermal management system for the vehicle fuel cell comprises a fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline and a water heating pipeline, and the specific structures of the fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline and the water heating pipeline are described in detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline includes a large circulation pipeline and a small circulation pipeline, and the large circulation pipeline is composed of a fuel cell 1, a first automobile electronic water pump 2, a first electronic thermostat 3, a proportional control valve 7 and a fuel cell radiator 8. In the large circulation line, the flow path of the coolant is: 1-2-3-7-8-1. The small circulation pipeline is composed of a fuel cell 1, a first automobile electronic water pump 2, a first electronic thermostat 3 and a first PTC heater 4, and the circulation path of the cooling liquid in the small circulation pipeline is as follows: 1-2-3-4-1. In addition, a plate heat exchanger pipeline is connected in parallel at two ends of the first PTC heater 4, and the electromagnetic valve 5 and the plate heat exchanger 6 are arranged in the plate heat exchanger pipeline, so that a heat exchange pipeline is formed, and the circulation path of the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipeline is as follows: 1-2-3-5-6-1.
As shown in fig. 1, the water heating pipeline is composed of a second automobile electronic water pump 9, a plate heat exchanger 6, a second PTC heater 11, a second electronic thermostat 10 and a water heating radiator 12. The water inlets of the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 6 are connected with the water outlet of a second automobile electronic water pump 9, and the water outlets of the second group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 6 are connected with the water inlets of a second PTC heater 11; a first connecting port of the second electronic thermostat 10 is connected with a water outlet of the second PTC heater 11, a second connecting port of the second electronic thermostat 10 is connected with a water inlet of the second automobile electronic water pump 9, a third connecting port of the second electronic thermostat 10 is connected with a water inlet of the water heating radiator 12, and a water outlet of the water heating radiator 12 is connected with a water inlet of the second automobile electronic water pump 9.
In the above fuel cell thermal circulation pipeline, when the heat is dissipated to the fuel cell, the flow rate of the coolant in the large and small circulation pipelines can be adjusted by the first electronic thermostat 3, thereby ensuring the temperature control of the fuel cell. The flow rate of the coolant flowing through the plate heat exchanger 6 can be adjusted by the electromagnetic valve 5, and the amount of energy exchange is controlled, and the flow rate of the coolant flowing through the fuel cell system radiator 8 can be adjusted by the proportional control valve 7, and the amount of heat dissipation is controlled. When the plate heat exchanger 6 cannot meet the heat dissipation requirement, the proportional control valve 7 and the heat dissipation fan of the fuel cell system radiator 8 are adjusted to control the heat dissipation capacity of the fuel cell system radiator 8, so that the heat of the fuel cell system radiator is controllable. Because the heat exchange quantity of the plate heat exchanger is basically not influenced by the radiator 8 of the fuel cell system, the temperature control of the fuel cell can be ensured, the waste heat of the fuel cell can be fully utilized, the utilization efficiency is improved, and the temperature of the fuel cell can be stably controlled under the condition of low power in the fuel cell. And, through adopting plate heat exchanger 6, can independently set up between fuel cell thermal cycle pipeline and the hot-water heating pipeline, only carry out the heat exchange through this plate heat exchanger 8 for fuel cell system pipeline resistance is less, and the choice space of first automobile electronic water pump 2 is big, and fuel cell temperature control is simple, does not have the overtemperature risk.
In the vehicle fuel cell thermal management system, when the fuel cell is in cold start, because the first PTC heater 4 and the first group of ports of the plate heat exchanger 6 are arranged in parallel, two paths of different cooling liquids in a thermal circulation pipeline of the fuel cell can be heated, the total heat absorbed by the cooling liquid is higher, so that the efficiency of heating the fuel cell by the cooling liquid is very high, the time of the fuel cell reaching the working temperature is shortened, and the low-temperature starting speed of the fuel cell is increased. In the case of realizing the function of heating the coolant, as another embodiment, the first PTC heater 4 and the second PTC heater 11 may be heating devices of other types as in the related art.
By providing the second PTC heater 11 in the water heating pipe and providing the warm air radiator with the bypass pipe, the heat radiation of the water heating radiator 12 can be avoided when heating the fuel cell by adjusting the second electronic thermostat 10, so that the second PTC heater 11 can be fully utilized to heat the coolant in the fuel cell heat circulation pipe. Of course, the warm air radiator may not be provided with the bypass line without considering the factor of the heat radiation of the water heating radiator 12.
In addition, as another embodiment, the first electronic thermostat 3 may be replaced with another type of three-way control valve, or two-way control valves; the electromagnetic valve 5 and the proportional control valve 7 can be replaced by other two-way control valves or a three-way control valve; the plate heat exchanger 6 may alternatively be another type of heat exchanger which may be arranged in two different circuits for effecting heat exchange between the two different circuits, for example a finned tube radiator; the second electronic thermostat 10 can also be replaced with another type of three-way control valve, or two-way control valves.
Specifically, with reference to fig. 1, the operation process of the thermal management system of the vehicle fuel cell is as follows:
when the ambient temperature is low, the fuel cell system enters a cold start state, and in the fuel cell thermal cycle line, the first electronic thermostat 3 is adjusted to a set opening degree, for example, 50%, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, and the proportional regulating valve 7 is closed. In the water heating pipeline, the opening of the second electronic thermostat 10 is set to 0, and the water heating pipeline is in an internal small circulation state. And operating the first automobile electronic water pump 2 and the second automobile electronic water pump 9, and operating the first PTC heater 4 and the second PTC heater 11 at full power. At this time, the coolant in the water heating line is internally circulated (without passing through the water heating radiator 12), heated by the second PTC heater 11 and then transferred to the fuel cell heat circulation line through the plate heat exchanger 6. The cooling liquid in the thermal circulation pipeline of the fuel cell rapidly heats the temperature of the fuel cell to a normal starting temperature under the heating action of the first PTC heater 4 and the combined action of the plate heat exchanger 6, and the fuel cell is normally started. In the mode, the heating power is high, the volume of the cooling liquid to be heated is small, no external heat dissipation exists, the heating speed is high, and the cold start time is greatly shortened.
After the fuel cell is normally started, the temperature of the cooling liquid in the thermal circulation pipeline of the fuel cell is rapidly increased, the first PTC heater 4 is closed, the opening degree of the second electronic thermostat 10 is set to be 100%, and the water heating pipeline is in a large circulation state.
When the power of the fuel cell is small, the heat generated by the stack is small, the flow of the cooling liquid passing through the first PTC heater 4 and the plate heat exchanger 6 is adjusted by the fuel cell system through the first electronic thermostat 3, and the temperature control of the fuel cell stack is realized through cold and heat mixing. For the water heating system, the heating power of the second PTC heater 11 is controlled to control the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the water heating radiator 12, when the temperature of the cooling liquid reaches a first set temperature, for example, 45 ℃, the cooling fan of the water heating radiator 12 is operated, and when the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a second set temperature, for example, 35 ℃, the cooling fan is turned off to ensure that the air is always warm air, thereby ensuring the heating comfort. In the mode, the second electronic thermostat 10 controls the temperature, the heat dissipation capacity of the plate heat exchanger 6 is controllable, the temperature of the fuel cell can be guaranteed under the low power of the electric pile, and the heat exchange capacity of the plate heat exchanger can be designed to be as large as possible under the condition of considering the space volume, so that the waste heat of the fuel cell can be fully utilized.
When the power of the fuel cell is further increased, the heat generated by the stack is increased, the power of the second PTC heater 11 is reduced until it is turned off, and at this time, the heat radiation fan of the water heating radiator 12 can be operated all the time, the heat radiation amount of the plate heat exchanger 6 is maximized, and the opening degree of the first electronic thermostat 3 is maximized (100%). The flow of the cooling liquid flowing through the radiator 8 of the fuel cell system is controlled by adjusting the proportional control valve 7 and enabling the electromagnetic valve 5 to be in the maximum opening state, so that redundant heat is dissipated to the air, and the temperature control of the fuel cell is realized.
When the environment temperature is higher, the electromagnetic valve 5 and the radiating fan of the water heating radiator 12 and other water heating system parts are closed, the proportional control valve 7 is fully opened, and the first electronic thermostat 3 and the radiating fan of the fuel cell system radiator are used for realizing the heat radiation of the fuel cell and the accurate control of the temperature of the electric pile.
Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system embodiment:
since the specific structure and the operation process of the vehicle fuel cell thermal management system have been described in detail in the vehicle embodiments, detailed description is omitted here.
Claims (10)
1. A vehicle fuel cell heat management system comprises a fuel cell heat circulation pipeline and a water heating pipeline, wherein a first heater is arranged in the fuel cell heat circulation pipeline, and a second heater is arranged in the water heating pipeline; the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is characterized in that the first group of ports of the fuel cell heat dissipation water heating heat exchanger is connected with the first heater in parallel.
2. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the fuel cell thermal cycle line further comprises a first control valve having a first port for connection to an outlet of a fuel cell, a second port for connection to an inlet of a first set of ports of the fuel cell heat rejection water heat exchanger, and a third port for connection to an inlet of the first heater.
3. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1 or 2, wherein a fuel cell system radiator is disposed in the fuel cell thermal cycle line, the fuel cell system radiator being disposed in parallel with the first set of ports of the fuel cell heat rejection water heat exchanger.
4. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 3, wherein the first set of ports of the fuel cell heat rejection water heat exchanger are provided in-line with a second control valve and the fuel cell system radiator is provided in-line with a third control valve.
5. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a warm air radiator is provided in the warm water piping, and the warm air radiator is provided with a bypass piping.
6. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5, wherein the hot water heating line comprises a fourth control valve, a first port of the fourth control valve is used for connecting with the water outlet of the second heater, a second port of the fourth control valve is used for connecting with the bypass line, and a third port of the fourth control valve is used for connecting with the water inlet of the hot air radiator.
7. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the fuel cell heat rejection water-heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger and the first control valve is an electronic thermostat.
8. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the second control valve is a solenoid valve and the third control valve is a proportional regulating valve.
9. The vehicle fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second heaters are both PTC heaters.
10. A vehicle comprising a fuel cell system, further comprising a vehicle fuel cell thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN202020046372.9U CN211404638U (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle |
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| CN202020046372.9U CN211404638U (en) | 2020-01-09 | 2020-01-09 | Vehicle fuel cell thermal management system and vehicle |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108461777A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-28 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment system for fuel cell pack |
| CN113386530A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-09-14 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heat management system and method of new energy automobile and automobile with heat management system |
| CN113948742A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Heat dissipation device for multi-fuel system and vehicle |
| CN113942368A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Cab heating system, control method thereof and vehicle thermal management system |
| CN114188566A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-15 | 上海氢蓝新能源科技有限公司 | Control method and system of thermal management system, thermal management system and fuel cell |
| CN114744241A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-12 | 中通客车股份有限公司 | Efficient utilization system and control method for waste heat of fuel cell |
| CN114843547A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell waste heat control system and vehicle |
| CN114843547B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2024-04-05 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell waste heat control system and vehicle |
-
2020
- 2020-01-09 CN CN202020046372.9U patent/CN211404638U/en active Active
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108461777A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-28 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment system for fuel cell pack |
| CN114843547A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-08-02 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell waste heat control system and vehicle |
| CN114843547B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2024-04-05 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell waste heat control system and vehicle |
| CN113386530A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-09-14 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Heat management system and method of new energy automobile and automobile with heat management system |
| CN113948742A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-18 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Heat dissipation device for multi-fuel system and vehicle |
| CN113942368A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-18 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Cab heating system, control method thereof and vehicle thermal management system |
| CN114188566A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-15 | 上海氢蓝新能源科技有限公司 | Control method and system of thermal management system, thermal management system and fuel cell |
| CN114744241A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-12 | 中通客车股份有限公司 | Efficient utilization system and control method for waste heat of fuel cell |
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Address after: 450061 Yudao Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: Yutong Bus Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.1, Shibali Heyu Road, Guancheng Hui District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU YUTONG BUS Co.,Ltd. |