CN116478182B - 基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元、含该单元的小分子、聚合物及它们的制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元、含该单元的小分子、聚合物及它们的制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116478182B CN116478182B CN202310238938.6A CN202310238938A CN116478182B CN 116478182 B CN116478182 B CN 116478182B CN 202310238938 A CN202310238938 A CN 202310238938A CN 116478182 B CN116478182 B CN 116478182B
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Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D498/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D498/16—Peri-condensed systems
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
- C07D513/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D513/16—Peri-condensed systems
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D517/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms
- C07D517/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having selenium, tellurium, or halogen atoms as ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
- C07D517/16—Peri-condensed systems
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- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/141—Side-chains having aliphatic units
- C08G2261/1412—Saturated aliphatic units
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08G2261/14—Side-groups
- C08G2261/148—Side-chains having aromatic units
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- C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/312—Non-condensed aromatic systems, e.g. benzene
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- C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/31—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating aromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/314—Condensed aromatic systems, e.g. perylene, anthracene or pyrene
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- C08G2261/32—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain
- C08G2261/324—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed
- C08G2261/3246—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating heteroaromatic structural elements in the main chain condensed containing nitrogen and sulfur as heteroatoms
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Abstract
本发明公开了一类基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元、含该单元的小分子、聚合物及它们的制备方法与应用。本发明以桥联三苯胺衍生物为基础,构建了一类具有平面性良好的新型芳香单元;并以基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元构建了一系列小分子和共聚物,制备的小分子和聚合物具有优异的热稳定性和高的载流子迁移率。基于此类基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子和聚合物可作为空穴传输层,应用在有机/聚合物光电探测器和有机/聚合物电致发光等有机/聚合物电子器件中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子光电材料技术领域,具体涉及到基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元、含该单元的小分子、聚合物及它们的制备方法及其在有机/聚合物电子器件中的应用。
背景技术
近年来,有机电荷传输材料成为光电材料研究的热点,广泛应用于有机光电导体、有机电致发光二极管、有机场效应管,尤其是有机太阳能电池。有机电荷传输材料主要包括有机空穴传输材料、有机双极性材料、有机电子传输材料。三苯胺类分子具有较高的发光亮度和发光效率,且本身具有很好的空穴传输能力,被用于有机电致发光中有良好的应用前景。
为了获得高发光效率的器件,多层结构的器件一直受到广泛的关注。所谓多层器件一般包括以下几层:空穴注入层,空穴传输层,发光层,空穴阻挡层,电子传输层,电子注入层。其中,空穴传输层一般含有芳香胺结构,利用氮原子的孤对电子来传输空穴,如最为常用的空穴传输材料1,4-二(1-萘基苯基胺)-联苯(NPB)。
为了提高传统空穴传输材料的热稳定性,不同于传统“线形分子”,Shirota提出了“星形分子”的概念,他将芳胺分子接在苯基或者三苯胺的周围,这样得到的分子由于空间拥挤,分子量也较大,使得分子结晶较难发生,从而提高了分子的热稳定性。
在众多光电材料中,含三苯胺及其衍生物的光电材料在有机电致发光、有机太阳电池、化学和生物传感器以及有机场效应晶体管等材料中已经得到了广泛的应用,但其光电性能还可以进一步提高。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的缺点和不足之处,本发明的目的在于提供一类基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元及含其的小分子、聚合物。基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元具有较大共轭平面和良好的电子离域性,基于该单体的小分子和聚合物具有较宽的带隙和良好的热稳定性,且光谱容易通过结构进行调节;同时该类小分子和聚合物还具有较高的载流子迁移率,有利于提高聚合物的外量子效率。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物的制备方法。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子、聚合物在有机/聚合物电子器件中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元,化学结构式满足以下通式:
其中,X各自为O、S、Se中的一种;
R为碳原子数1~30的烷基、碳原子数3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基。
进一步的,所述的基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元,优选为以下结构或以下结构的卤代、氘代、烷基取代衍生物:
其中,R为碳原子数1~30的烷基、碳原子数3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基。
含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子,化学结构式满足以下通式:
其中,Ar1、Ar2各自为H、D、F、CN、烯基、炔基、胺基、硝基、酰基、烷氧基、羰基、碳原子数6~100的芳香族烃基或碳原子数3~100的芳香族杂环基中的一种。
进一步的,所述的含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子,其中的Ar1、Ar2单元优选为以下结构或以下结构的卤代、氘代、烷基取代衍生物中的一种或多种:
其中,R1,R2为碳原子数1~30的烷基、碳原子数3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基。
含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物,化学结构式满足以下通式:
式中,x、y为各单元的摩尔分数,其中0<x≤1,0≤y<1;n为重复单元数,n为2~1000范围内的整数;
Ar3为碳原子数6~100的芳香族烃基或碳原子数3~100的芳香族杂环基。
进一步的,所述的含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物,其中的Ar3单元优选为以下结构或以下结构的卤代、氘代、烷基取代衍生物中的一种或多种:
其中,R1,R2为碳原子数1~30的烷基、碳原子数3~30的环烷基、碳原子数为6~60芳香族烃基或碳原子数为3~60的芳香族杂环基。
本发明还提供了制备上述的基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)惰性气体保护下,在反应容器中加入2-溴-5-R基-1,3-二甲苯,分散在叔丁醇和水的混合物中,加入高锰酸钾,加热反应混合物回流1h;将混合物冷却至室温后,再加入高锰酸钾并且将反应混合物再回流18小时;将混合物冷却至室温后,通过过滤并酸化,得到2-溴-5-R基间苯二甲酸;
(2)惰性气体保护下,在反应容器中加入2-溴-5-叔丁基间苯二甲酸,加入甲醇和硫酸,将反应混合物加热至回流18小时,纯化后得到2-溴-5-R基间苯二甲酸二甲酯;
(3)惰性气体保护下,将化合物10H-吩噁嗪、10H-吩噻嗪和10H-吩硒嗪分别与2-溴-5-R基间苯二甲酸二甲酯叔丁醇钠、三叔丁基膦溶于甲苯中,在三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯催化下,110℃下反应24小时;反应完成后,过柱层析法进行纯化,分别得到5-R基-2-
(10H-吩噁嗪-10-基)间苯二甲酸二甲酯、5-R基-2-(10H-吩噻嗪-10-基)间苯二甲酸二甲酯、5-R基-2-(10H-吩硒嗪-10-基)间苯二甲酸二甲酯;
(4)惰性气体保护下,将上一步得到的产物溶解在四氢呋喃中,在-78℃下与正丁基锂反应2小时,随后加入化合物对溴甲苯并在常温下反应24小时,随后除去四氢呋喃,加入冰醋酸及浓盐酸,并在回流条件下反应12小时;反应完成后通过柱层析法进行纯化,得到桥联三苯胺小分子材料。
本发明还提供了含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子的制备方法,包括以下步骤:惰性气体保护下,溴代的基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元单体与烷基锡取代的Ar1、Ar2进行在四(三苯基膦)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯/三(邻甲基苯基膦)(质量比为1:1~1:3)等催化剂的条件下发生Suzuki偶联反应得到。
本发明也提供了含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)惰性气体保护下,将含双1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷官能团的Ar3单元单体与双溴代的基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元单体溶解在溶剂中,然后加入催化剂,加热至60~180℃发生Suzuki聚合反应,反应时间为0.5~36小时;
(2)反应结束后将所得反应液纯化即得目标产物。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂包括但不限于甲苯、四氢呋喃、二甲苯、氯苯、二氯苯中的至少一种;
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的Suzuki聚合催化剂为包括但不限于四(三苯基膦)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯/三(邻甲基苯基膦)中的至少一种。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的含双1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷官能团的Ar3单元单体与双溴代的基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元单体的用量满足含双1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷官能团的单体总摩尔量与含双溴官能团的单体总摩尔量相等;所述的催化剂的用量为反应单体摩尔总量的2‰~3%;
进一步的,在步骤(1)之后和步骤(2)之前还包括加入(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯,保温继续反应6~12小时;再加入溴苯继续保温反应6~12小时;其中(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯的用量为所有反应单体摩尔总量的10~40%,所述的溴苯的用量为烷基锡噻吩摩尔量的1~20倍。
进一步的,步骤(2)所述的纯化是指将所得反应液冷却至室温,滴加入搅拌中的甲醇中沉淀,过滤,干燥得粗产物,粗产物先后用甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯抽提,浓缩后再次沉析在甲醇溶液中,过滤,干燥,得目标产物。
本发明还提供了含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子、聚合物在制备有机/聚合物电子器件中的应用,包括有机/聚合物光电探测器、有机/聚合物太阳电池、有机/聚合物薄膜晶体管、有机/聚合物发光晶体管、有机/聚合物光电晶体管、有机/聚合物有机发光电化学电池中的应用。
更进一步的,所述含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子、聚合物在制备有机/聚合物电子器件中的应用,包括如下步骤:将所述的含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的小分子、聚合物溶于有机溶剂,或者与至少一种有机小分子或者聚合物混合溶于有机溶剂,然后通过旋涂、喷墨打印或印刷成膜,即得到所述有机/聚合物电子器件的活性层。
更进一步的,所述的有机溶剂包括但不限于二甲苯、四氢呋喃、氯苯、二氯苯。
与三苯胺及其衍生物相比,将三苯胺及其衍生物进行桥联得到了具有三个苯环全桥联的刚性平面结构,因此它具有三苯胺及其衍生物基本优点的同时,还具有更大的刚性平面、更好的电子离域性,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和技术效果:
(1)这类聚合物在350~425nm的光谱范围内具有较强的吸收,且具有较浅的HOMO能级;
(2)这类聚合物具有较高的空穴迁移率,有利于可以制备高效率的有机电子器件,特别是有机/聚合物电致发光器件。
附图说明
图1为实施例中聚合物P1、P2和P3混合薄膜的吸收光谱图。
图2为实施例中聚合物P1、P2和P3混合薄膜的光致发光谱图。
图3为实施例中聚合物P1、P2和P3氧化电位谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中所用试剂如无特殊说明均可从市场常规购得。
实施例1:化合物6的制备
合成化合物1~6的化学反应方程式如下所示:
(1)化合物1的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配有磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的2L三颈圆底瓶中加入2-溴-5-叔丁基-1,3-二甲苯(0.43mol),分散在800mL的叔丁醇和水的混合物中。加入高锰酸钾(0.91mol),加热反应混合物回流1h。将混合物冷却至室温后,再加入高锰酸钾(0.91mol)并且将反应混合物再回流18小时。将混合物冷却至室温后,通过过滤,滤液减少1/3。并将该溶液用浓缩的盐酸进行酸化。所得到的白色沉淀通过真空过滤收集,并溶解在碳酸氢钠水溶液中。水溶液层用乙醚洗涤,以去除任何残留的有机物。然后用浓缩的盐酸对水层进行酸化,收集沉淀物,用烘箱干燥(~80℃)过夜,得到白色固体,产率为97%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物2的制备
惰性气体保护下,在装有磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的2L圆底瓶中加入化合物1(0.35mol),加入750mL甲醇和80mL硫酸。将反应混合物加热至回流18小时,然后倒入约500mL水中。用碳酸氢钠中和反应,水溶液用乙醚洗涤几次。有机层溶液在硫酸钠上干燥,过滤和浓缩。由正己烷再结晶得到固体,产率为81%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物3的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,加入10H-吩噁嗪(5.0mmol,1equiv)与化合物2(5.5mmol,1.1equiv)、碳酸钾(1.21equiv)和碘化亚铜(15mol%)溶于苯醚中。在惰性气体下将反应加热到190℃反应48h。萃取过滤反应产物,用真空蒸馏去除溶剂。以乙酸乙酯:二氯甲烷=5:1(v/v)溶液为洗脱液,通过柱析纯化粗产物,得到黄色结晶固体,产率为85%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(4)化合物4的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物3(10mmol)溶于60ml四氢呋喃中,在-78℃下加入10ml正丁基锂,反应2小时,之后加入20ml的对溴甲苯,反应1小时后,常温下反应12个小时。反应结束冷后,旋干溶剂得到固体产物,产率为72%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(5)化合物5的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物4(10mmol)溶于60ml冰乙酸中,100℃下反应半个小时,之后加入20ml盐酸,继续反应12个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为77%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(6)化合6的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物5(10mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,0℃下反应半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(23mmol),继续反应6个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为84%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.37(d,2H),7.28–7.12(m,4H),6.96–6.84(m,8H),6.69–6.39(m,8H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.04(s,9H)。
实施例2:化合物10的制备
(1)化合物7的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,加入10H-吩噻嗪(5.0mmol,1equiv)与化合物2(5.5mmol,1.1equiv)、碳酸钾(1.21equiv)和碘化亚铜(15mol%)溶于苯醚中。在惰性气体下将反应加热到190℃反应48h。萃取过滤反应产物,用真空蒸馏去除溶剂。以4:1的正己烷/乙酸乙酯溶液为洗脱液,通过柱析纯化粗产物,得到黄色结晶固体,产率为82%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物8的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物7(10mmol)溶于60ml四氢呋喃中,在-78℃下加入12ml正丁基锂,反应2小时,之后加入22ml的对溴甲苯,反应1小时后,常温下反应12个小时。反应结束冷后,旋干溶剂得到固体产物,产率为78%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物9的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物8(10mmol)溶于70ml冰乙酸中,100℃下反应半个小时,之后加入24ml盐酸,继续反应12个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为80%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(4)化合10的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物9(10mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,0℃下反应半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(23mmol),继续反应6个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为86%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.24(d,2H),7.14–6.86(m,4H),6.71–6.62(m,8H),6.54–6.36(m,8H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.04(s,9H)。
合成化合物7~10的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例3:化合物11的制备
(1)化合物11的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,加入10H-吩硒嗪(5.0mmol,1equiv)与化合物2(5.5mmol,1.1equiv)、碳酸钾(1.21equiv)和碘化亚铜(15mol%)溶于苯醚中。在惰性气体下将反应加热到190℃反应48h。萃取过滤反应产物,用真空蒸馏去除溶剂。以14:3的正己烷/乙酸乙酯溶液为洗脱液,通过柱析纯化粗产物,得到黄色结晶固体,产率为88%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物12的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物11(10mmol)溶于65ml四氢呋喃中,在-78℃下加入14ml正丁基锂,反应2小时,之后加入30ml的对溴甲苯,反应1小时后,常温下反应12个小时。反应结束冷后,旋干溶剂得到固体产物,产率为72%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物13的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物12(10mmol)溶于70ml冰乙酸中,100℃下反应半个小时,之后加入25ml盐酸,继续反应12个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为71%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(4)化合14的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物13(10mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,0℃下反应半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(23mmol),继续反应6个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为89%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.55(d,2H),7.36–7.22(m,4H),7.10–6.98(m,8H),6.84–6.72(m,8H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.04(s,9H)。
合成化合物11~14的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例4:化合物15的制备
(1)化合物15的制备
惰性气体保护中,将对二溴苯(10mmol)、联硼酸频哪醇酯(23mmol)、乙酸钾(70mmol)溶解在1,4-二氧六环中,之后加入双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.3mmol),减压旋干四氢呋喃,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用二氯甲烷作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率94%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
合成化合物15的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例5:化合物18的制备
合成化合物16~18的化学反应方程式如下所示:
(1)化合物16的制备
惰性气体保护下,将9H-咔唑(10mmol)、对溴甲苯(12mmol),叔丁醇钠(25mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5mmol)、2,2’-双-(二苯膦基)-1,1’-联萘(1mmol)加入100mL无水甲苯中。加热至100℃反应12小时后,用饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干有机层的溶剂后,粗产物用二氯甲烷作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率80%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物17的制备
惰性气体保护下,将化合物16(10mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷中,在0℃下搅拌半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(25mmol),反应一个小时后,移至常温反应6个小时。粗产物用石油醚作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体,产率75%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物18的制备
化合物18的反应及提纯方法与化合物15类似,得到白色固体产物,产率86%。1HNMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
实施例6:化合物20的制备
(1)化合物19的制备
惰性气体保护下,将2,7-二溴-9H-芴(10mmol)溶于20mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和氢氧化钠(60mmol)的混合溶剂中,随后加入溴代正辛烷(25mmol),120℃下反应12小时。用100mL二氯甲烷萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,减压旋干溶剂后,粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=5:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到黄色油状产物,产率86%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物20的制备
化合物18的反应及提纯方法与化合物11类似,得到白色固体产物,产率84%。1HNMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
合成化合物19~20的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例7:聚合物P1的制备
惰性气体保护下,将化合物10(0.2mmol)和化合物15(0.2mmol)溶解在4mL无水甲苯中,再加入四丁基氢氧化铵(1ml),乙酸钯(8mg),三环己基膦(10mg)。120℃下反应24小时,用(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯(20mg)进行第一次封端,反应6小时后,用溴苯(0.5ml)进行第二次封端,继续反应6小时。结束反应,待反应降到室温后,将反应液沉析在甲醇中,过滤得到的聚合物先后用甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯进行索氏抽提。将得到的氯苯溶液浓缩,再次沉析在甲醇中,过滤,干燥,得到淡黄色颗粒状聚合物。1HNMR和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2)δ(ppm):7.56-7.38(br,ArH),7.32-7.24(br,ArH),7.14-7.02(br,ArH),6.90(br,ArH),6.52-6.39(br,ArH),1.56(br,CH3),0.88(br,CH3)。高温GPC:Mn=26.7kDa;Mw=28.6kDa。
合成聚合物P1的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例8:聚合物P2的制备
聚合物P2的反应及提纯方法与聚合物P1类似,得到淡黄色颗粒状聚合物。1H NMR和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2)δ(ppm):8.62(br,ArH),8.24-8.06(br,ArH),7.98-7.82(br,ArH),7.70(br,ArH),7.58-7.43(br,ArH),7.37-7.25(br,ArH),7.18-7.05(br,ArH),6.90(br,ArH),6.52-6.39(br,ArH),1.56(br,CH3),0.88(br,CH3)。高温GPC:Mn=24.3kDa;Mw=26.8kDa。
反应方程式如下:
实施例9:聚合物P3的制备
合成聚合物P3的化学反应方程式如下所示:
惰性气体保护下,将化合物10(0.2mmol)、化合物15(0.08mmol)和化合物20(0.12mmol)溶解在4mL无水甲苯中,再加入四丁基氢氧化铵(1ml),乙酸钯(8mg),三环己基膦(10mg)。120℃下反应24小时,用(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯(20mg)进行第一次封端,反应6小时后,用溴苯(0.5ml)进行第二次封端,继续反应6小时。结束反应,待反应降到室温后,将反应液沉析在甲醇中,过滤得到的聚合物先后用甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯进行索氏抽提。将得到的氯苯溶液浓缩,再次沉析在甲醇中,过滤,干燥,得到淡黄色颗粒状聚合物。1H NMR和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2)δ(ppm):8.50-8.39(br,ArH),8.31(br,ArH),8.17-8.08(br,ArH),7.56-7.38(br,ArH),7.32-7.24(br,ArH),7.14-7.02(br,ArH),6.90(br,ArH),6.52-6.39(br,ArH),2.08-1.85(br,CH2),1.56(br,CH3),1.34-1.22(br,CH2),0.88(br,CH3),0.75(br,CH3)。高温GPC:Mn=23.5kDa;Mw=24.4kDa。
实施例10:聚合物P4的制备
惰性气体保护下,将化合物10(0.2mmol)、化合物18(0.08mmol)和化合物20(0.12mmol)溶解在5mL无水甲苯中,再加入四丁基氢氧化铵(1ml),乙酸钯(8mg),三环己基膦(10mg)。120℃下反应24小时,用(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼烷-2-基)苯(20mg)进行第一次封端,反应6小时后,用溴苯(0.5ml)进行第二次封端,继续反应6小时。结束反应,待反应降到室温后,将反应液沉析在甲醇中,过滤得到的聚合物先后用甲醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯进行索氏抽提。将得到的氯苯溶液浓缩,再次沉析在甲醇中,过滤,干燥,得到淡黄色颗粒状聚合物。1H NMR和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CD2Cl2)δ(ppm):8.62(br,ArH),8.49-8.38(br,ArH),8.30(br,ArH),8.14-8.06(br,ArH),7.98-7.82(br,ArH),7.70(br,ArH),7.58-7.43(br,ArH),7.37-7.25(br,ArH),7.18-7.05(br,ArH),6.90(br,ArH),6.52-6.39(br,ArH),2.08-1.85(br,CH2),1.56(br,CH3),1.34-1.22(br,CH2),0.88(br,CH3),0.75(br,CH3)。高温GPC:Mn=21.7kDa;Mw=23.8kDa。
反应方程式如下:
实施例11:化合物24的制备
(1)化合物21的制备
惰性气体保护下,将二苯胺(5mmol),溴苯(5mmol),叔丁醇钠(25mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.5mmol)、三叔丁基磷(1mmol)溶于150mL无水甲苯中,升温至120℃,反应12小时。减压蒸馏除去甲苯后,用二氯甲烷萃取产物,去离子水洗3遍后,旋干二氯甲烷。用乙醇重结晶得到白色固体产物,产率88%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物22的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物21(10mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,0℃下反应半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(15mmol),继续反应6个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物通过硅胶柱析得到白色固体,产率为90%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物23的制备
惰性气体保护中,将化合物22(10mmol)、联硼酸频哪醇酯(23mmol)、乙酸钾(70mmol)溶解在1,4-二氧六环中,之后加入双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.3mmol),减压旋干1,4-二氧六环,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用二氯甲烷作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率91%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
合成化合物21~23的化学反应方程式如下所示:
(4)化合物24的制备
惰性气体保护中,将化合物10(10mmol)、化合物23(23mmol)、碳酸钾(70mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.5mmol),四丁基溴化铵(1mmol)溶解无水甲苯中,升温至110℃,反应12小时。反应结束后冷却至室温,减压旋干甲苯,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用二氯甲烷作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率70%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):7.92(d,4H),7.86(d,4H),7.68-7.54(m,8H),7.43(d,2H),7.33–7.26(m,4H),7.20-7.14(m,8H),7.10(d,4H),6.90–6.81(m,8H),6.73–6.55(m,8H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.04(s,9H)。
合成化合物24的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例12:化合物27的制备
(1)化合物25的制备
惰性气体保护下,将2-溴-9H-芴(5mmol)溶于50mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和氢氧化钠(60mmol)的混合溶剂中,随后加入溴丁烷(15mmol),升温至120℃,反应12小时。用100mL二氯甲烷萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,减压旋干溶剂后,粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=5:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯。用异丙醇重结晶得到黄色固体产物,产率80%。1HNMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物26的制备
惰性气体保护中,将对二溴苯(10mmol)、联硼酸频哪醇酯(23mmol)、乙酸钾(70mmol)溶解在1,4-二氧六环中,之后加入双(三苯基膦)二氯化钯(0.3mmol),减压旋干1,4-二氧六环,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=10:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯。得到白色固体产物,产率81%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
合成化合物25~26的化学反应方程式如下所示
(3)化合物27的制备
合成化合物27的化学反应方程式如下所示
惰性气体保护中,将化合物10(10mmol)、化合物26(23mmol)、碳酸钾(70mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.5mmol),四丁基溴化铵(1mmol)溶解无水甲苯中,升温至110℃,反应12小时。反应结束后冷却至室温,减压旋干甲苯,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用石油醚作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率68%。1H NMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.22-7.87(m,8H),7.68(d,2H),7.60(d,2H),7.56(d,2H),7.43(d,2H),7.33–7.26(m,4H),6.90–6.81(m,8H),6.73–6.55(m,8H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.17(s,8H),1.12(s,8H),1.04(s,9H),0.96(s,8H),0.88(s,12H)。
实施例13:化合物31的制备
(1)化合物28的制备
惰性气体保护下,将9H-咔唑(5mmol)溶于50mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,降温至-5℃,加入氢化钠(11mmol),-5℃下搅拌2小时。注入溴丁烷10ml,自然升至室温反应12小时。减压蒸馏除去N,N-二甲基甲酰胺后,用二氯甲烷萃取产物,去离子水洗3遍后,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=8:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率80%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(2)化合物29的制备
惰性气体保护下,在配备磁力搅拌器和回流冷凝器的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物28(10mmol)溶于20ml二氯甲烷中,0℃下反应半个小时,之后加入N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(15mmol),继续反应6个小时。反应结束冷却到室温,用乙酸乙酯萃取产物,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤三遍,除去有机相溶剂后,粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=10:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,产率为88%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
(3)化合物30的制备
惰性气体保护中,将化合物29(10mmol)、联硼酸频哪醇酯(23mmol)、乙酸钾(70mmol)溶解在1,4-二氧六环中,之后加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.3mmol),减压旋干1,4-二氧六环,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=2:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率76%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
合成化合物28~30的化学反应方程式如下所示:
(4)化合物31的制备
惰性气体保护中,将化合物10(10mmol)、化合物30(23mmol)、碳酸钾(70mmol)、四三苯基膦钯(0.5mmol),四丁基溴化铵(1mmol)溶解无水甲苯中,升温至110℃,反应12小时。反应结束后冷却至室温,减压旋干甲苯,用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠水溶液洗涤3遍,旋干二氯甲烷。粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:1(v/v)作淋洗剂柱层析提纯,得到白色固体产物,产率70%。1H NMR、13C NMR、MS和元素分析结果表明所得到的化合物为目标产物。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ(ppm):8.26-7.84(m,8H),7.72(d,2H),7.68(d,2H),7.54(d,2H),7.43(d,2H),7.33–7.26(m,4H),6.90–6.81(m,8H),6.73–6.55(m,8H),4.68(s,4H),1.37(s,6H),1.23(s,6H),1.18(s,4H),1.10(s,4H),1.04(s,9H),0.86(s,6H)。
合成化合物31的化学反应方程式如下所示:
实施例14:电致发光器件的制备
(1)导电玻璃ITO衬底的清洗:将ITO玻璃基片依次置于丙酮、异丙醇、清洗液、去离
子水和异丙醇中进行超声清洗,除掉ITO玻璃基片表面可能残留的污渍(如光刻胶等)以及改善界面接触,清洗完后放入真空烘箱中干燥;
(2)将ITO置于氧等离子体刻蚀仪中,使用氧气等离子体(O2 Plasma)进行二十分钟的轰击,彻底清除ITO玻璃基片表面可能的残存有机物;
(3)在ITO上旋涂40纳米厚的空穴注入层PEDOT:PSS(Baytron P4083),然后在真空烘箱中80℃下干燥12小时;
(4)在PEDOT:PSS层上旋涂空穴传输材料薄膜,然后在真空烘箱中80℃下干燥12小时;
(5)在惰性气体氛围的手套箱中,在空穴传输层上旋涂一层40nm厚的电致发光材料薄膜后,在加热台上80℃温度下加热退火20分钟,以除去残留溶剂及改善发光层膜的形貌;
(6)在真空蒸镀仓中在低于3×10-4Pa的真空度下在有机物薄膜上先蒸镀一层1.5nm厚的氟化铯(CsF),有助于电子注入。然后在CsF上蒸镀一层110nm厚的铝阴极(Al),其中氟化铯和铝层是经过掩膜板进行真空沉积的。
器件的有效面积为0.16cm2。用石英晶体监控厚度仪测定有机层的厚度。器件制备后用环氧树脂和薄层玻璃在紫外光中极性固化和封装。多层器件结构为(ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Hole Transport/PFSO(80nm)/CsF(1.5nm)/Al(110nm))。
对制备的电致发光器件分别进行光电性能测试,测试结果如表1所示。
图1为实例中聚合物P1、P2和P3混合薄膜的吸收光谱图。
图2为实例中聚合物P1、P2和P3混合薄膜的光致发光谱图。
图3为实例中聚合物P1、P2和P3氧化电位谱图。
表1电致发光器件光电性能测试结果
以空穴传输材料P1~P3为空穴传输层制备的OLED器件,其器件结构为ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Hole Transport/PFSO(80nm)/CsF(1.5nm)/Al(110nm),其最大明流效率分别为7.21cd/A,7.25cd/A,7.03cd/A,最大亮度分别为29826cd/m2,35209cd/m2,32456cd/m2。无空穴传输层制备的OLED器件,其器件结构为
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFSO(80nm)/CsF(1.5nm)/Al(110nm),最大明流效率为5.28cd/A,最大亮度为24868cd/m2。
以P1~P3为空穴传输层的器件与无空穴传输层的器件相比,其最大明流效率和最大亮度都有明显的提升。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物,其特征在于化学结构式如P1、P2和P3所示:
式中,n为重复单元数,n为2~1000范围内的整数。
2.权利要求1所述的含基于桥联三苯胺衍生物单元的聚合物在制备有机/聚合物电子器件中的应用,其特征在于,有机/聚合物电子器件包括有机/聚合物光电探测器、有机/聚合物太阳电池、有机/聚合物薄膜晶体管、有机/聚合物发光晶体管、有机/聚合物光电晶体管或有机/聚合物有机发光电化学电池中的应用。
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