CN116462197A - Preparation method of activated carbon - Google Patents
Preparation method of activated carbon Download PDFInfo
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- CN116462197A CN116462197A CN202310301775.1A CN202310301775A CN116462197A CN 116462197 A CN116462197 A CN 116462197A CN 202310301775 A CN202310301775 A CN 202310301775A CN 116462197 A CN116462197 A CN 116462197A
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- activated carbon
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- lignite
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 204
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrate;hydrochloride Chemical compound O.Cl DKAGJZJALZXOOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/95—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with stirrers having planetary motion, i.e. rotating about their own axis and about a sun axis
- B01F27/953—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with stirrers having planetary motion, i.e. rotating about their own axis and about a sun axis using only helical stirrers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to a preparation method of activated carbon, which comprises the following steps: quantitatively conveying the municipal sludge and the lignite to a vertical mixer for mixing to obtain a mixed primary material; the mixed primary material is sent into a drying device for drying; sending the dried mixed primary material into granulating equipment, adding a tar-called binder, and granulating to obtain primary material particles with the granularity meeting the production requirement; the primary material particles are sent into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, so as to obtain porous solid carbon active carbon primary material; the primary activated carbon material is sent into an activation furnace for heating activation to obtain primary activated carbon; washing the primary activated carbon with water to remove ash, and washing out inorganic salt substances which are soluble in water in the primary activated carbon; and drying, screening and finishing the primary activated carbon subjected to water washing and ash removal to obtain a required activated carbon layer finished product. The method has the effects of being environment-friendly and improving the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of activated carbon preparation, in particular to a preparation method of activated carbon.
Background
Activated carbon is a specially treated carbon in which organic raw materials (shells, coal, wood, etc.) are heated in an air-tight condition to reduce non-carbon components (this process is called carbonization), and then reacted with gas, and the surface is eroded to produce a micropore-developed structure (this process is called activation).
Sludge treatment has become a common problem in countries around the world. Most of the sludge is treated in a landfill mode, so that the problems of new water and soil pollution and land occupation are caused, and the newly developed sludge drying technology and sludge incineration technology are difficult to popularize in a large area due to the large investment, small output, easiness in generating new secondary pollution and the like. The activated carbon production from sludge belongs to a recently developed hot spot technology, and has become the most development prospect sludge disposal direction accepted in the industry.
Chinese patent publication No. CN115417407a discloses a method for preparing activated carbon. The method comprises the following steps: A. drying the sludge particles to reduce the moisture content in the sludge particles; B. uniformly stirring sludge particles, coal and coal tar, carbonizing, and cooling to obtain a mixture; C. the mixture is quickly heated and activated to obtain primary activated carbon; D. adding primary activated carbon into industrial hydrochloric acid water for pickling; E. washing with water after acid washing, and washing the pH value of the primary activated carbon with water to be neutral; F. drying the primary activated carbon after water washing; G. and adding an activating agent into the dried primary activated carbon for activation. Uniformly stirring and carbonizing sludge particles, coal and coal tar to obtain a mixture, activating the mixture into primary activated carbon, and finally activating the primary activated carbon by an activating agent, and obtaining the final activated carbon by utilizing an inorganic strong acid reaction so as to improve the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The application adopts coal tar as a binder to knead coal and dry sludge particles as raw materials of activated carbon, can not organically combine the coal and the sludge, still needs to use the coal as a main body to produce the activated carbon, only fills the sludge for saving the cost of the activated carbon, and can save part of cost but can lead to poor quality of the activated carbon.
Aiming at the related technology, the existing activated carbon preparation technology cannot organically combine coal and sludge, so that the activated carbon has higher production cost and poorer adsorption performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing activated carbon preparation technology cannot organically combine coal and sludge, so that the production cost of the activated carbon is high and the adsorption performance is poor, the application provides a preparation method of the activated carbon.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing activated carbon, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the activated carbon comprises the following steps:
quantitatively conveying the municipal sludge and the lignite to a mixer for mixing to obtain a mixed primary material;
the mixed primary material is sent into a drying device for drying;
sending the dried mixed primary material into granulating equipment, adding a tar-called binder, and granulating to obtain primary material particles with the granularity meeting the production requirement;
the primary material particles are sent into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, so as to obtain porous solid carbon active carbon primary material;
the primary activated carbon material is sent into an activation furnace for heating activation to obtain primary activated carbon;
washing the primary activated carbon with water to remove ash, and washing out inorganic salt substances which are soluble in water in the primary activated carbon;
and drying, screening and finishing the primary activated carbon subjected to water washing and ash removal to obtain a required activated carbon layer finished product.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of collecting the combustible gas generated in the carbonization process of the primary material particles and the heating and activating process of the activated carbon primary material, and conveying the collected combustible gas to drying equipment, a carbonization furnace and an activating furnace for being used as fuel energy.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the municipal sludge, the lignite and the tar binder is 90-110: 18 to 22:2.5 to 3.5.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the municipal sludge, lignite and tar binder is 100:20:3.
preferably, the carbonization temperature of the primary material particles is 500-700 degrees, and the carbonization time is 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the temperature rise and activation temperature of the activated carbon primary material is 750-900 degrees, and the temperature rise and activation time is 4-6 hours.
Preferably, the activated carbon primary material is sent into an activation furnace for heating and activating, mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor is introduced into the activation furnace, and alkali metal salt substances or phosphoric acid substances are added into the activated carbon primary material as chemical activating agents.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the carbon dioxide to the water vapor in the mixed gas of the carbon dioxide and the water vapor is 20-40:60-80.
Preferably, the mixer comprises an inverted cone-shaped body, a cover, a stirring assembly for stirring materials and a mixing controller; the machine body top plate is provided with a sludge conveying component for quantitatively conveying municipal sludge and a lignite conveying component for conveying lignite;
the sludge conveying assembly comprises a sludge conveying pipeline and a sludge conveying pump which is arranged on the sludge conveying pipeline and is used for quantitatively conveying municipal sludge, and the sludge conveying pipeline is communicated with the machine body;
the lignite conveying assembly comprises a lignite conveying channel and a lignite conveying belt arranged in the lignite conveying channel, the lignite conveying channel is communicated with the machine body, and an electric sealing plate is arranged at the communication part of the lignite conveying channel and the machine body;
the stirring assembly comprises a stirring motor and a double-screw stirring shaft, the stirring motor is mounted at the top of the machine cover, and an output shaft of the stirring motor extends into the machine body and is coaxially connected with the double-screw stirring shaft;
the sludge conveying pump, the electric sealing plate, the lignite conveying belt and the stirring motor are all connected with the mixing controller.
Preferably, the double-screw stirring shaft comprises a stirring rod, a first screw stirring piece and a second screw stirring piece, wherein the first screw stirring piece and the second screw stirring piece are spirally arranged along the stirring rod, the stirring radius of the second screw stirring piece is larger than that of the first screw stirring piece, and the stirring radii of the first screw stirring piece and the second screw stirring piece are gradually reduced along the vertical direction; first spiral stirring piece one side laminating is on the puddler with puddler fixed connection, second spiral stirring piece top and bottom and puddler fixed connection, the puddler is provided with a plurality of connecting plates along its length direction, and is a plurality of the connecting plate all is connected with the second spiral stirring piece.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the method, municipal sludge and lignite are used as raw materials, municipal sludge treatment is used as a main material, lignite is used as a carburant, the raw material proportion is optimized on the basis of the existing mature coal-based active carbon production process and equipment, the organic combination of the municipal sludge and the lignite is realized, carbonization and activation process parameters are further optimized, carbon balance and system energy self-balance are considered, the adsorption performance of the active carbon is further improved on the basis of environmental protection and recycling of the municipal sludge, and the effects of environmental protection and improvement of the active carbon production efficiency and the production quality are achieved;
2. the raw materials are dried and carbonized in a flue gas heating mode, combustible gas generated by pyrolysis and pyrolysis of the raw materials in the carbonization and activation process is collected and used as fuel and heat source to supply energy for the drying, carbonization and activation processes, and the proportion of lignite is regulated to effectively promote carbon balance and energy balance, so that the energy consumption is saved, the exhaust emission is reduced, the environment is protected, and the effects of improving the quality of the activated carbon and reducing the production cost are achieved;
3. through the arrangement of the first spiral stirring sheet and the second spiral stirring sheet, the urban sludge and the lignite are uniformly mixed in all directions at a differential speed, the materials are lifted upwards by the rotation of the first spiral stirring sheet and the second spiral stirring sheet, and the rotating arm revolves at a slow speed; the materials outside the spiral enter the stud at different degrees, so that the materials are continuously updated and diffused in all circumferential directions, the two materials which are lifted to the upper part are converged towards the central concave cavity to form a downward material flow, the bottom vacancies are supplemented, the triple mixing effect of convection circulation is formed, the organic combination of municipal sludge and lignite is further promoted, and the effects of effectively improving the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon are achieved
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for activated carbon production in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mixer in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a system block diagram of a blendor in an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a body; 2. a cover; 3. a stirring assembly; 31. a stirring motor; 32. a double-screw stirring shaft; 321. a stirring rod; 322. a first helical stirring blade; 323. a second helical stirring piece; 324. a connecting plate; 4. a sludge conveying assembly; 41. a sludge conveying pipeline; 42. a sludge transfer pump; 5. a lignite conveying assembly; 51. a lignite conveying passage; 52. a lignite conveying belt; 53. an electric closing plate; 6. a hybrid controller.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses a preparation method of activated carbon. Referring to fig. 1, a method for preparing activated carbon includes the steps of:
s1, mixing: quantitatively conveying the municipal sludge and the lignite to a mixer for mixing to obtain a mixed primary material;
s2, drying: the mixed primary material is sent into a drying device for drying;
in the embodiment, the drying equipment adopts flue gas type drying equipment, and the mixed primary material is directly heated and dried by taking hot flue gas as a heat source;
s3, granulating: sending the dried mixed primary material into granulating equipment, adding a tar-called binder, and granulating to obtain primary material particles with the granularity meeting the production requirement; the tar binder can be coal tar;
s4, carbonizing: the primary material particles are sent into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, so as to obtain porous solid carbon active carbon primary material;
s5, activating: the primary activated carbon material is sent into an activation furnace for heating activation to obtain primary activated carbon;
s6, water washing and ash removal: washing the primary activated carbon with water to remove ash, and washing out inorganic salt substances which are soluble in water in the primary activated carbon;
s7, screening and finishing: and drying, screening and finishing the primary activated carbon subjected to water washing and ash removal to obtain a required activated carbon layer finished product. According to the method, municipal sludge and lignite are used as raw materials, municipal sludge is treated as a main material, lignite is used as a carburant, the raw material ratio is optimized on the basis of the existing mature coal-based activated carbon production process and equipment, the organic combination of the municipal sludge and the lignite is realized, carbonization and activation process parameters are further optimized, carbon balance and system energy self-balance are considered, the adsorption performance of activated carbon is further improved on the basis of environmental protection and recycling of the municipal sludge, and the effects of environmental protection and improvement of the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon are achieved.
The mass ratio of the municipal sludge, lignite and tar binder is 90-110: 18 to 22:2.5 to 3.5. In the embodiment, the mass ratio of the municipal sludge, lignite and tar binder is 100:20:3. because the water content in the municipal sludge is still about 85%, the activated carbon is generated by adopting the raw materials with the proportion, so that the quality of the subsequently generated activated carbon is better, and the strength, the porosity and the activity are higher.
In the step S4, the carbonization furnace adopts a thermal rotary kiln pyrolysis carbonization furnace or a thermal tunnel kiln pyrolysis carbonization furnace, a convection working mode is adopted, combustible gases such as coal gas and the like are combusted in a combustion chamber, hot flue gas flows from the tail part of the furnace body to the front end and is in direct contact with materials which are reversely come into contact with the furnace body, the materials flow towards the tail part of the furnace body, the temperature is gradually increased, the materials undergo drying, volatile components are pyrolyzed and escape, the carbonization process is carried out, and finally the materials are discharged from the tail part to a cooling field. The carbonization temperature of the primary material particles is 500-700 degrees, and the carbonization time is 1-2 hours. The traditional stepped heating carbonization is adopted, so that the pores inside and outside the molding material are formed initially, and cracks caused by rapid temperature change of the molding material can be avoided, thereby ensuring the quality and strength of the carbonized material; in the pyrolysis carbonization process, a convection working mode is adopted, the carbonization temperature is greatly improved based on the characteristics of raw materials, most of non-carbon elements in primary material particles are cracked to form volatile gas to be removed, carbon atoms of carbonized products are combined to form a sheet-shaped structure of an aromatic ring, and due to the fact that the shape is very irregular, cracks are formed, and the scale of the cracks is controlled by adopting the step-type temperature change, so that cracks with proper scale are formed in the primary material particles, and in the subsequent activation process, the cracks can promote the primary material of the activated carbon to form a more developed microporous structure, and the effects of effectively improving the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon are achieved.
The activation furnace in the step S5 adopts a Sieve activation furnace; the heating activation of the activated carbon primary material adopts a superposition activation method with material activation as a main material and chemical activation as an auxiliary material, wherein the heating activation temperature is 750-900 degrees, and the heating activation time is 4-6 hours. Compared with the traditional physical activation, the method has the advantages of longer activation time, reduced product yield, high chemical activation production cost, complex system flow, secondary pollution and the like. According to the method, the material activation is mainly adopted, the chemical activation is assisted, and the activation parameters are further optimized to obtain the activation scheme with the lowest comprehensive cost and the largest system benefit, so that the large market competitive advantage of the product is finally realized, and the effects of environmental protection and improvement of enterprise competitiveness are achieved.
In the heating and activating process, the activated carbon primary material is sent into an activating furnace to be heated and activated, mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor is introduced into the activating furnace, and alkali metal salt substances or phosphoric acid substances are added into the activated carbon primary material to be used as chemical activating agents. The metal salt comprises nickel, manganese, cobalt, zinc, yttrium, copper, iron, and combinations of two or more thereof. Such as manganese nitrate, magnesium nitrate, nickel sulfate, copper nitrate, etc. Phosphoric acid can be phosphoric acid activator such as diammonium phosphate. On one hand, the aim of improving the pore structure performance index of the carbon material is achieved through the high-temperature decomposition of the activator substance and the oxidation-reduction reaction between the decomposition product and carbon; on the other hand, through the reaction between carbon dioxide and steam substances at high temperature and carbon, tar substances and cracking products accumulated in the pore structure in the carbonization process are removed, carbon atom oxidation occurs, the cracking pores of the carbonized material are enlarged, micropores are created to improve the pore volume or specific surface area, and the effect of efficiently preparing the high-adsorption-capacity activated carbon is realized.
The volume ratio of the carbon dioxide to the water vapor in the mixed gas of the carbon dioxide and the water vapor is 20-40:60-80. In this embodiment, the volume ratio of carbon dioxide to water vapor in the mixed gas is 30:70. By adopting the mixed gas with the volume ratio, tar substances and cracking products accumulated in a pore structure in the carbonization process can be more efficiently removed, and the effect of effectively improving the adsorption rate of the activated carbon is achieved.
In addition, the combustible gas generated in the carbonization process of the primary material particles and the heating and activating process of the activated carbon primary material is collected, and the collected combustible gas is conveyed to drying equipment, a carbonization furnace and an activating furnace for being used as fuel energy supply. The application adopts the flue gas heating mode to dry the carbomorphism to collect the combustible gas that raw materials pyrolysis and pyrolysis produced in carbomorphism and the activation process, regard as fuel and heat source for drying, carbomorphism and activation process energy supply, the rethread adjusts the brown coal proportion, has effectively promoted carbon balance and energy balance, helps the energy saving consumption, reduces waste gas emission, realizes green, reaches the effect that improves active carbon quality and reduction in production cost.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the mixer includes an inverted cone-shaped body 1, a cover 2, a stirring assembly 3 for stirring materials, and a mixing controller 6. The top plate of the machine body 1 is provided with a sludge conveying assembly 4 for quantitatively conveying municipal sludge and a lignite conveying assembly 5 for conveying lignite. The sludge transfer assembly 4 includes a sludge transfer pipe 41, and a sludge transfer pump 42 mounted on the sludge transfer pipe 41 for quantitatively transferring municipal sludge, the sludge transfer pipe 41 being in communication with the machine body 1. The sludge transfer pump 42 in this application employs a screw pump. The lignite conveying assembly 5 comprises a lignite conveying channel 51 and a lignite conveying belt 52 arranged in the lignite conveying channel 51, wherein the lignite conveying channel 51 is communicated with the machine body 1, and an electric closing plate 53 is arranged at the position, communicated with the machine body 1, of the lignite conveying channel 51. The stirring assembly 3 comprises a stirring motor 31 and a double-screw stirring shaft 32, wherein the stirring motor 31 is arranged at the top of the cover 2, and an output shaft of the stirring motor 31 extends into the machine body 1 and is coaxially connected with the double-screw stirring shaft 32. The sludge transfer pump 42, the electric closing plate 53, the lignite transfer belt 52 and the stirring motor 31 are all connected with the mixing controller 6. Through the arrangement of the sludge conveying assembly 4 and the lignite conveying assembly 5, quantitative feeding of municipal sludge and lignite is realized, wherein through the arrangement of the sludge conveying pipeline 41 and the sludge conveying pump 42, a closed conveying mode of municipal sludge is realized, and the feeding accuracy and influence of the placed sludge odor overflow on the surrounding environment and residents are ensured; and through the lignite conveying channel 51 and the lignite conveying belt 52, accurate and efficient lignite feeding is realized, and the lignite feeding speed is effectively improved while the lignite feeding accuracy is ensured. Through the arrangement of the stirring assembly 3, the urban sludge and the lignite are uniformly stirred before the raw materials are dried, so that the organic combination of the urban sludge and the lignite is realized, the proportion of the lignite is regulated on the basis of environment-friendly recycling of the urban sludge, the carbon balance and the system energy self-balance are promoted, and the effects of saving the cost and improving the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon are achieved;
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the double-screw stirring shaft 32 includes a stirring rod 321, a first screw stirring blade 322 and a second screw stirring blade 323 which are spirally disposed along the stirring rod 321, wherein the stirring radius of the second screw stirring blade 323 is larger than that of the first screw stirring blade 322, and the stirring radii of the first screw stirring blade 322 and the second screw stirring blade 323 are gradually reduced along the vertical direction; first spiral stirring piece 322 one side laminating is on puddler 321 with puddler 321 fixed connection, second spiral stirring piece 323 top and bottom and puddler 321 fixed connection, puddler 321 is provided with a plurality of connecting plates 324 along its length direction, a plurality of connecting plates 324 all are connected with second spiral stirring piece 323. Through the arrangement of the first spiral stirring sheet 322 and the second spiral stirring sheet 323, the urban sludge and the lignite are uniformly mixed in all directions at a differential speed, the first spiral stirring sheet 322 and the second spiral stirring sheet 323 rotate to lift materials upwards, and the rotating arm revolves at a slow speed; the materials outside the spiral enter the stud in different degrees, so that the materials are continuously updated and diffused in all circumferential directions, the two materials which are lifted to the upper part are converged towards the central concave cavity to form a downward material flow, the gaps at the bottom are supplemented, a triple mixing effect of convection circulation is formed, the organic combination of municipal sludge and lignite is further promoted, and the effects of effectively improving the production efficiency and the production quality of the activated carbon are achieved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments that may be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art may still combine, add or delete features of the embodiments of the present invention or make other adjustments according to circumstances without any conflict, so as to obtain different technical solutions without substantially departing from the spirit of the present invention, which also falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the activated carbon is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
quantitatively conveying the municipal sludge and the lignite to a mixer for mixing to obtain a mixed primary material;
the mixed primary material is sent into a drying device for drying;
sending the dried mixed primary material into granulating equipment, adding a tar-called binder, and granulating to obtain primary material particles with the granularity meeting the production requirement;
the primary material particles are sent into a carbonization furnace for carbonization, so as to obtain porous solid carbon active carbon primary material;
the primary activated carbon material is sent into an activation furnace for heating activation to obtain primary activated carbon;
washing the primary activated carbon with water to remove ash, and washing out inorganic salt substances which are soluble in water in the primary activated carbon;
and drying, screening and finishing the primary activated carbon subjected to water washing and ash removal to obtain a required activated carbon layer finished product.
2. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, further comprising collecting combustible gas generated during carbonization of the primary particles and heating and activating of the primary particles of the activated carbon, and delivering the collected combustible gas to a drying device, a carbonization furnace and an activation furnace for supplying fuel.
3. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the municipal sludge, lignite and tar binder is 90-110: 18 to 22:2.5 to 3.5.
4. A method for producing an activated carbon as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the municipal sludge, lignite and tar binder is 100:20:3.
5. the method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: the carbonization temperature of the primary material particles is 500-700 degrees, and the carbonization time is 1-2 hours.
6. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature rise and activation temperature of the activated carbon primary material is 750-900 degrees, and the temperature rise and activation time is 4-6 hours.
7. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: and in the process of heating and activating the activated carbon primary material in the activation furnace, introducing mixed gas of carbon dioxide and water vapor into the activation furnace, and adding alkali metal salt substances or phosphoric acid substances into the activated carbon primary material as chemical activating agents.
8. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 7, wherein: the volume ratio of the carbon dioxide to the water vapor in the mixed gas of the carbon dioxide and the water vapor is 20-40:60-80.
9. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 1, wherein: the mixer comprises an inverted cone-shaped machine body (1), a machine cover (2), a stirring assembly (3) for stirring materials and a mixing controller (6); the top plate of the machine body (1) is provided with a sludge conveying component (4) for quantitatively conveying municipal sludge and a lignite conveying component (5) for conveying lignite;
the sludge conveying assembly (4) comprises a sludge conveying pipeline (41) and a sludge conveying pump (42) which is arranged on the sludge conveying pipeline (41) and is used for quantitatively conveying municipal sludge, and the sludge conveying pipeline (41) is communicated with the machine body (1);
the lignite conveying assembly (5) comprises a lignite conveying channel (51) and a lignite conveying belt (52) arranged in the lignite conveying channel (51), the lignite conveying channel (51) is communicated with the machine body (1), and an electric sealing plate (53) is arranged at the communication position of the lignite conveying channel (51) and the machine body (1);
the stirring assembly (3) comprises a stirring motor (31) and a double-screw stirring shaft (32), the stirring motor (31) is arranged at the top of the machine cover (2), and an output shaft of the stirring motor (31) extends into the machine body (1) and is coaxially connected with the double-screw stirring shaft (32);
the sludge conveying pump (42), the electric sealing plate (53), the lignite conveying belt (52) and the stirring motor (31) are connected with the mixing controller (6).
10. The method for preparing activated carbon according to claim 9, characterized in that: the double-screw stirring shaft (32) comprises a stirring rod (321), a first screw stirring piece (322) and a second screw stirring piece (323) which are spirally arranged along the stirring rod (321), the stirring radius of the second screw stirring piece (323) is larger than that of the first screw stirring piece (322), and the stirring radii of the first screw stirring piece (322) and the second screw stirring piece (323) are gradually reduced along the vertical direction; first spiral stirring piece (322) one side laminating is on puddler (321) with puddler (321) fixed connection, second spiral stirring piece (323) top and bottom and puddler (321) fixed connection, puddler (321) are provided with a plurality of connecting plates (324) along its length direction, a plurality of connecting plates (324) all are connected with second spiral stirring piece (323).
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