CN110655076A - Production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge - Google Patents
Production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge Download PDFInfo
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- CN110655076A CN110655076A CN201911117077.6A CN201911117077A CN110655076A CN 110655076 A CN110655076 A CN 110655076A CN 201911117077 A CN201911117077 A CN 201911117077A CN 110655076 A CN110655076 A CN 110655076A
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge, which comprises the following steps of 1, preparing raw materials, namely mixing municipal sludge, a recarburizing agent and a surface strength additive, drying and dehydrating the mixed materials, granulating, and feeding the granulated materials into a pyrolysis carbonization device for processing, 2, pyrolyzing and carbonizing, namely, adopting an internal heating type rotary kiln or an internal heating tunnel kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace, controlling the pyrolysis carbonization temperature to be 500 ℃ and ~ 700 ℃ and the pyrolysis carbonization time to be 30 ~ 45 minutes, and 3, activating, namely, adopting a physical activation mode, controlling the activation time to be 2 ~ 3 hours, and taking carbon dioxide and water vapor as activation media at 750 ℃ and ~ 900 ℃ and taking the carbon dioxide and the water vapor as the activation media.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of activated carbon preparation, in particular to a production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge, and can solve the problem of disposal of municipal sludge.
Background
Municipal sludge treatment has become a common problem in all countries in the world, national policies require that sewage treatment plants must be built in cities above county level, and municipal biological sludge treatment has become a big problem for governments. Generally, about 0.5kg of sludge is generated per ton of sewage, and the total scale of the national urban sewage treatment reaches 1 × 10 at present8m3D, the sludge amount reaches 5 multiplied by 104t/d. Most of the sludge is treated in a landfill mode, so that the problems of new water and soil pollution and land occupation are caused, and the newly developed sludge drying technology and sludge incineration technology are difficult to popularize in a large area due to the problems of large investment, small output and the like. At present, each large city basically adopts a payment disposal mode to solve the problem of municipal sludge, and the disposal subsidy cost of the ton of sludge is about 300 yuan (the first-line city of Shanghai, Guangzhou and the like can reach 600 yuan).
The preparation of activated carbon from biological sludge belongs to a newly developed hotspot technology and becomes the sludge disposal technology with the most development prospect which is recognized in the industry. Compared with the prior sludge treatment technology, the technology has the main advantage of meeting the requirements of reduction, harmlessness and reclamation of sludge treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the treatment targets of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of municipal biological sludge in China, the invention aims to provide a production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge, which is based on the principle of synergistic effect of co-carbonization of sludge and a carburant, fully utilizes the synergistic effect generated in the high-temperature carbonization process, achieves the double effects of improving the product quality and reducing the production cost, and further enhances the market competitiveness of project products.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw Material
Mixing the municipal sludge, the recarburizing agent and the surface strength additive, drying and dehydrating the mixture, granulating, and processing the granulated mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization device;
(2) and a pyrolysis carbonization step
An internal heating type rotary kiln or an internal heating tunnel kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace is adopted, the pyrolysis carbonization temperature is controlled to be 500 ℃ to ~ 700 ℃ and the pyrolysis carbonization time is controlled to be 30 ~ 45 minutes;
(3) and an activation step
The physical activation method is adopted, carbon dioxide and water vapor are used as activation media at 750 ℃ and ~ 900 ℃, and the activation time is controlled to be 2 ~ 3 hours.
The main processing process of the invention is as follows: firstly, a certain amount of biological sludge active carbon additives (carburant and surface strength additives) which are quantitatively mixed according to a certain proportion are added into sludge, drying dehydration and molding granulation pretreatment are carried out by utilizing raw material drying dehydration and granulation equipment, then carbonization is carried out by adopting an internal heating type rotary kiln pyrolysis carbonization furnace, high-temperature activation is carried out by adopting a multi-section rake type furnace, and then technical processes such as deashing, drying, granulating, packaging and the like are carried out, so that the raw materials are processed into active carbon products.
The sludge-based activated carbon prepared by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the additive (carburant and surface strength additive) is added into the biological sludge according to a certain proportion to prepare the sludge-based activated carbon, and the adsorption performance of the sludge-based activated carbon is higher than that of the sludge activated carbon prepared from a single sludge component.
2. The preparation of the sludge-based activated carbon adopts a rotary furnace to carry out pyrolysis and carbonization, and a multi-section rake furnace is activated, so that the pyrolysis effect is good, the activation is more uniform, the energy consumption of the system is low, and no toxic or harmful gas is generated.
3. The principle of the synergistic effect of the co-carbonization of the sludge and the carburant fully utilizes the synergistic effect generated in the high-temperature carbonization process, and simultaneously achieves the double effects of improving the product quality and reducing the production cost.
4, in the policy aspect, the municipal biological sludge is mainly treated, so that the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the sludge are realized, and the national policy is met.
5. In the aspect of economy, the invention can realize energy self-balance and carbon balance, obviously reduce the energy consumption cost and the additive cost and have higher economic benefit;
6. the biological sludge-based activated carbon is prepared by taking the biological sludge as a main raw material, so that the three goals of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the sludge can be realized, and the activated carbon can be used as a novel environment-friendly material for environment-friendly treatment, and the problem of sludge disposal in China at present is effectively solved.
The invention has reasonable design and good practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the production process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
The production process for preparing the activated carbon from the sludge comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw Material
Firstly, the municipal sludge, the carburant and the surface strength additive which are raw materials for production are fed quantitatively, then the three materials are mixed, dried and dehydrated, and finally, the materials are granulated and processed after the drying and dehydration, so that the preparation process of the raw materials is completed.
And quantitatively feeding the municipal sludge, the recarburizer and the surface strength additive. The sludge quantitative feeding adopts a pumping and spiral closed conveying mode, so that the feeding accuracy is ensured, and the sludge odor is prevented from escaping. The carburant and the surface strength additive are quantitatively fed by adopting production vehicle feeding and quantitative belt conveying, so that the quantitative feeding of the materials is realized. The mixed materials adopt a special vertical mixer, the mixed materials enter a reciprocating type sludge drying and dehydrating device, the device takes flue gas as a heat source, the heating temperature is 150 ℃, and the materials are dried by adopting a direct heating mode. After the moisture of the materials is adjusted to meet the process requirements, the materials enter a special granulator for granulation. And (4) feeding the granulated material into a pyrolysis carbonization device for processing.
(2) And a pyrolysis carbonization step
The process adopts an internal heating type rotary kiln or an internal heating tunnel kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace, the pyrolysis carbonization temperature is controlled between 500 ℃ and ~ 700 ℃, the pyrolysis carbonization time is controlled to be 30 ~ 45 minutes, and combustible gas generated by pyrolysis carbonization is used as a carbonization heat source on one hand and also used as a heat source for drying and dehydrating raw materials on the other hand.
(3) And an activation step
The scheme adopts physical activation, adopts a multi-section rake furnace, takes carbon dioxide and water vapor as an activation medium at 750 ℃ of ~ 900 ℃, and controls the activation time to be 2 ~ 3 hours.
The multi-section rake furnace is a vertical cylinder made of steel plates, the shell is lined with refractory materials, the interior of the multi-section rake furnace is built by refractory bricks, the interior of the multi-section rake furnace is divided into a multi-section hearth from top to bottom, each section hearth is respectively provided with a discharge port around the hearth and in the center, the moving and stirring of the active carbon in the hearth are driven by a low-rotation-speed central shaft and are arranged below each layer of stirring arms for stirringThe tooth moves to the inboard discharge port from the 1 st section grate outside, falls into 2 nd section grate inboard, and 2 nd section stirring tooth is with active carbon, moves to the outside discharge port from the grate inboard, falls into 3 rd section grate inboard, so interactive motion is discharged to last section. Due to the action of the stirring teeth, the activated carbon exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas of a burner in the furnace, and is in high-convection-advection multi-shear mode contact with steam generated by a waste heat boiler to generate a mass transfer and chemical reaction process (generally, the steam is added at a high-temperature section of 900 ℃ at the lower part of the multi-section furnace). Is arranged in the furnace to protect the material and the operation stability of the middle shaft and the harrow arm structure. The multi-hearth furnace is controlled to operate under the condition that the oxygen content is below 1 percent, so that the exhaust gas of the activated carbon activation furnace contains high-concentration CO and H2The rear combustion chamber is required to be arranged and heated to over 1100 ℃ again, so that the exhaust gas is completely oxidized into CO2And H2And O. The high temperature flue gas discharged from the post-combustion chamber has heat recovery value, and a waste heat boiler is generally adopted to recover the waste heat of the flue gas and produce process steam required by the activation process. The central shaft cooling air can be heated when passing through the central shaft, and the heated air serving as one part of the combustion-supporting air can raise the temperature of the combustion-supporting air, so that the fuel gas consumption is saved.
Secondly, in specific implementation, the fixed carbon content of the recarburizing agent is an important index in the process of producing the activated carbon, the conventional commercial activated carbon is usually prepared from coal types such as anthracite (with the fixed carbon content of 89 ~ 97%), long-flame coal (with the fixed carbon content of 70 ~ 80%), coking coal and the like, wheat straws, fruit shells and the like, and the fixed carbon content of the recarburizing agent determines the pore-developed structure of the activated carbon.
Surface strength additive: the surface strength index of the commercial coal columnar activated carbon can reach 97 percent, the powder yield is extremely low, and the commercial coal columnar activated carbon is suitable for various industries such as wastewater purification and tap water purification; a certain amount of surface strength additive is added in the preparation process of the biological sludge-based activated carbon, so that the wear-resistant strength index (detection method GB/T7702-2008) of the biological sludge-based activated carbon can be improved, the service performance of the biological sludge-based activated carbon is improved, and the powder yield of the activated carbon in the water treatment process is reduced. The surface strength additive of the invention adopts anthracite or coking coal.
Mixing ratio: through a plurality of small test and pilot test, the proportion of the municipal sludge, the recarburizer and the surface strength additive is controlled to be 65 percent to 25 percent to 10 percent.
And (3) process control: obtaining high quality activated carbon products is also directly related to the processing technology. The production process of activated carbon generally comprises the steps of carbonizing raw materials to remove volatile components in the raw materials to generate a carbon-rich solid pyrolysate, then utilizing oxidizing gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor to react with carbon atoms in a carbon-containing material, and forming abundant micropores by opening pores, expanding pores and creating new pores.
Thirdly, the effect is verified as follows:
3.1, aiming at the low fixed carbon content of the municipal sludge, the carburetant with higher fixed carbon content is selected in the test to be cooperated with the municipal sludge for carbonization and activation to prepare the phi 4.0mm sludge-based columnar activated carbon, and the test data result is as follows (the detection standard GB/T-7702-:
TABLE 1 analysis of specific surface area of activated samples
TABLE 2 analysis of basic Properties of the samples
The experimental data show that the sludge-based activated carbon added with the carburant basically meets the use requirements of the activated carbon for sewage, and has the use function of COD adsorption purification.
3.2, aiming at a certain municipal sewage project in Shanxi, a static adsorption and purification test of sludge-based biological activated carbon is carried out, and the test data are as follows in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
The test data show that the sludge-based biological activated carbon breaks through the traditional activated carbonThe adsorption and purification effect in the field of wastewater; the traditional active carbon has the adsorption effect on only one index of COD and NH3N, TN and TP adsorption effect is almost zero, therefore, the activated carbon has great purification effect on the current municipal and industrial wastewater upgrading and reconstruction projects, and can be popularized and used as a reproducible adsorbent.
Fourthly, the main application
Liquid phase adsorption: is mainly used for decoloring, deodorizing and reducing COD and NH of industrial wastewater and domestic wastewater3Removing pollutants such as N, TP, TN and the like.
Gas phase adsorption: the method is mainly used for the environmental protection fields of adsorption purification of VOCs (non-methane total hydrocarbon) organic pollutants in waste gas components, organic solvent recovery and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which shall all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of raw Material
Mixing the municipal sludge, the recarburizing agent and the surface strength additive, drying and dehydrating the mixture, granulating, and processing the granulated mixture in a pyrolysis carbonization device;
(2) and a pyrolysis carbonization step
An internal heating type rotary kiln or an internal heating tunnel kiln type pyrolysis carbonization furnace is adopted, the pyrolysis carbonization temperature is controlled to be 500 ℃ to ~ 700 ℃ and the pyrolysis carbonization time is controlled to be 30 ~ 45 minutes;
(3) and an activation step
The physical activation method is adopted, carbon dioxide and water vapor are used as activation media at 750 ℃ and ~ 900 ℃, and the activation time is controlled to be 2 ~ 3 hours.
2. The production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the proportion of the municipal sludge, the recarburizing agent and the surface strength additive is 65 percent to 25 percent to 10 percent.
3. The production process for preparing activated carbon from sludge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the recarburizing agent is long flame coal, fruit shells or wood chips; the surface strength additive adopts anthracite or coking coal.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111746032A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-10-09 | 胡红建 | Preparation process of activated carbon |
| CN116462197A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-07-21 | 江苏浦士达环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of activated carbon |
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| CN116462197A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-07-21 | 江苏浦士达环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of activated carbon |
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Application publication date: 20200107 |