CN116421922A - Solid extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal seam or oil field and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Solid extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal seam or oil field and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116421922A CN116421922A CN202310274574.7A CN202310274574A CN116421922A CN 116421922 A CN116421922 A CN 116421922A CN 202310274574 A CN202310274574 A CN 202310274574A CN 116421922 A CN116421922 A CN 116421922A
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical group [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000289 melt material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRWFBFUYENBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound [Na+].Cl.[Cl-] SRWFBFUYENBCGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/06—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires containing gas-producing, chemically-reactive components
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal beds or oil fields and a preparation method thereof, wherein the solid extinguishing agent comprises 70-80% by weight of binary monovalent salt and 20-30% by weight of binary divalent salt, the binary monovalent salt is potassium chloride and sodium chloride, the binary divalent salt is magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the molar ratio of the potassium chloride to the sodium chloride to the magnesium chloride to the calcium chloride is 1:1. the fire extinguishing agent mixture has high melting speed, good fluidity and permeability of liquid, and along with the rise of temperature, the fire extinguishing agent mixture always permeates into deep layers along a coal fire gap, so that a sufficient amount of fire extinguishing agent is only needed, and a permeable flow layer at the side of the fire extinguishing agent mixture is thickened and releases a large amount of carbon dioxide so as to cover the dual functions of oxygen isolation and carbon dioxide release, so that the combustion of a coal bed is extinguished, and the fire extinguishing effect is good. The fire extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing coal bed combustion or oil field combustion in general weather in the open air, and can also be used for oxygen isolation and fire extinguishing during light metal smelting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solid extinguishing agents, in particular to a solid extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal beds or oil fields, and also relates to a preparation method of the solid extinguishing agent.
Background
Many coal beds and oil fields which we face are unprecedented from fuel oil, which not only wastes a great deal of precious resources, but also causes serious harm to the ecological environment of the area. These burning coal seams, because they do not have suitable extinguishing agents, have been left to the forensic and fire extinguishing professionals have been limited to traditional methods of extinguishing fires.
The powder disclosed in the prior art is taken away by hot air flow before the hot air flow of the fire burning in a coal seam because the powder is too thin, and the powder drifts to the distant place around, thus not playing a role in fire extinguishing at all and also causing environmental pollution.
In addition, the traditional metal spontaneous combustion fire extinguishing agent comprises two monovalent chloride salts or is composed of one monovalent chloride salt and one divalent chloride salt, for example, the monovalent chloride salt sodium chloride and potassium chloride are singly used for combination, the simple substance melting point (under normal pressure) of sodium chloride is 801 ℃, the substance melting point of potassium chloride is 770 ℃, and the two salts are mixed and melted and then are melted, and the temperature should be 480-500 ℃. If two divalent salts such as magnesium chloride and calcium chloride are mixed and melted, the melting point of magnesium chloride is 714 ℃, the melting point of calcium chloride is 772 ℃, the re-melting mixing degree of the two mixed materials is above 460 ℃, and the melting point is too high, so that the melting speed is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solid fire extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal beds or oil fields, which solves the problems in the background technology.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of the solid fire extinguishing agent.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a solid extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal beds or oil fields is characterized in that: the salt comprises 70-80% by weight of binary monovalent salt and 20-30% by weight of binary divalent salt, wherein the binary monovalent salt is potassium chloride and sodium chloride, the binary divalent salt is magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the molar ratio of the potassium chloride to the sodium chloride to the magnesium chloride to the calcium chloride is 1:1.
the technical problems to be solved by the invention can also be realized by the following technical scheme that the weight percentage of binary divalent salt is 20%, the weight percentage of binary monovalent salt is 80%, wherein sodium chloride is 34.92%, potassium chloride is 45.08%, magnesium chloride is 9%, and calcium chloride is 11%.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme, and the invention also comprises a synergist, wherein the weight ratio of the synergist to the solid extinguishing agent is 15-30:70-85; the synergistic agent is formed by mixing 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt, and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1.
A preparation method of a solid extinguishing agent is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride into fine materials with the particle size of less than 8mm, and then uniformly mixing the fine materials in a mixer according to the weight percentage to obtain a mixture for later use;
B. preheating the alloy kettle to a temperature 40 ℃ higher than room temperature, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, removing floating water in air attached to the kettle wall, namely a baking kettle, slowly adding the mixture into the alloy kettle, wherein the height of the mixture does not overflow out of the alloy kettle;
C. closing an upper cover of the upper alloy kettle, heating to melt materials, raising the temperature in the alloy kettle to 650-700 ℃, maintaining for 25-35min, stirring the materials up and down for 1-3min, standing and precipitating for 15 min at 620-650 ℃, namely discharging through a discharge valve at the bottom of the alloy kettle, wherein the discharge valve is opened for 1/4 of the time to operate for half a minute and then is fully opened, or discharging by using a high-temperature submerged pump;
D. the molten material flows into a material distributing tank firstly, then is split into a cooling disc, the depth of the molten material in the cooling disc is not more than 8cm, the solidification time is not more than 40min, after cooling for 60min-80min, the material is coarsely crushed at a temperature lower than 70 ℃ to enable the material to be cooled faster, the coarsely crushed material is subjected to jaw crushing through a jaw crusher when the temperature is close to room temperature, the jaw crushing is carried out, a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 5-10mm is obtained after screening, a finished product of blocky fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 10-40mm is obtained after grinding the rest of the finished product of fine-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.6-5mm through a grinder, and a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.18-0.6mm, namely 80-30 meshes is obtained.
Preferably, a synergistic agent is provided, wherein the synergistic agent is formed by mixing 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1;
when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is coarse powder, fully and uniformly mixing the synergist and the fire extinguishing agent finished product by a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is in a fine particle shape, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 2-3mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the fine particle fire extinguishing agent finished product; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product, pressing the synergist into 6-8mm particles, and uniformly mixing the particles with the coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product in a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a block fire extinguishing agent finished product, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 25-35mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the block fire extinguishing agent finished product.
Preferably, in the step C, the heating mode of the alloy kettle is external heating mode or internal heating mode, and natural gas is used for heating the alloy kettle from external heating mode, namely external heating mode; the material is directly heated in the kettle by the electric heating element, and the kettle is called internal heat type; the external heating type is required to be increased from small fire to the maximum rated value within 10 minutes after ignition, and the internal heating type is required to be increased to the rated working current within 2 minutes.
The application is made of at least four raw materials, wherein the mixing and melting of potassium chloride and sodium chloride strictly follow the molar ratio of 1:1, the molar ratio of magnesium chloride to calcium chloride is 1:1, and the melting point of the remelting of the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt prepared from the four substances is 390-410 ℃. The melting point is low, the activities of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium ions are high, the interaction is realized, the melting speed of the mixed melt is high, the fluidity and the permeability of liquid are high, the mixed melt always permeates into the deep layer along a coal fire gap along with the rise of temperature, and at the moment, the flowing layer permeated by the mixed melt is thickened and releases a large amount of carbon dioxide only by adding enough fire extinguishing agent, so that the double functions of oxygen isolation and carbon dioxide release are covered, the combustion of a coal bed is extinguished, and the fire extinguishing effect is good.
When the synergist is in operation, 40% of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride melt begins to melt at 390 ℃, and 20% of calcium chloride (the melting point is not 772 ℃ but 400 ℃ under the working condition) quickly melts at 400 ℃, so that calcium carbonate CaCO 3 And magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 The powder floats in the solution and is further heated during the diffusion flow process, and in the molten salt solution, they gradually decompose into calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO, releasing carbon dioxide CO 2 The outward emission process of carbon dioxide along the gaps is also a fire extinguishing process for the combustion surface, and meanwhile, calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO powder are attached to the combustion surface to naturally form fire extinguishing because of extremely fine and light weight.
The fire extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing coal bed combustion or oil field combustion in general weather in the open air, and can also be used for oxygen isolation and fire extinguishing during light metal smelting.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the invention has the following advantages:
the solid fire extinguishing agent has four physical shapes, namely, block shape, coarse particle shape, fine particle shape and 80-mesh to 30-mesh coarse powder shape, so that the solid fire extinguishing agent cannot be taken away by hot air flow before the hot air flow of the fire burning in a coal seam during fire extinguishment, and can fly to a distance around, thereby improving the fire extinguishing effect.
The component proportion of the fire extinguishing agent requires that the mole ratio of the monovalent chloride salt to the monovalent chloride salt is 1:1 and the mole ratio of the divalent chloride salt to the divalent chloride salt is 1:1, so as to ensure that the melting point of the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt prepared from the four substances is low when the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt is remelted, the melting speed is high and the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt can be quickly melted to form liquid and can be quickly covered on the combustion substances.
The fire extinguishing agent using the synergist can improve the fire extinguishing efficiency during fire extinguishing. Solid fire extinguishing agent added with synergistic agent, 40% of magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride and potassium chloride melt begins to melt at 390 ℃ and 20% of calcium chloride (melting point is not 772 ℃ but 400 ℃ under the working condition) quickly melts at 400 ℃ when in use, thus calcium carbonate CaCO 3 And magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 Powder floatsFloat in solution and are further heated during the diffusion flow process, and in molten salt solution they gradually decompose into calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO, releasing carbon dioxide CO 2 The outward emission process of carbon dioxide along the gaps is also a fire extinguishing process for the combustion surface, and meanwhile, calcium oxide CaO and magnesium oxide MgO powder are attached to the combustion surface to naturally form fire extinguishing because of extremely fine and light weight.
The preparation is carried out in an alloy kettle, so that the heat efficiency is high, the heating mode adopted by the preparation is mainly contact heat transfer and convection heat transfer, the heating temperature during the preparation is 650-700 ℃, the preheating temperature of the alloy kettle is only 30 ℃ higher than the room temperature, the energy and the cost can be saved, and the production cycle (from feeding to discharging) of each kettle (kettle) of continuous production of the process is generally 2 hours, so that the production efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1, a solid fire extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal seam or oil field, comprising 70-80% by weight of binary monovalent salt and 20-30% by weight of binary divalent salt, wherein the binary monovalent salt is potassium chloride and sodium chloride, and the binary divalent salt is magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the molar ratio of the potassium chloride to the sodium chloride to the magnesium chloride to the calcium chloride is 1:1.
the mixing and melting of the four raw materials in the application, namely the potassium chloride and the sodium chloride strictly follow the mole ratio of 1:1, the molar ratio of magnesium chloride to calcium chloride is also 1:1, so as to ensure that the melting point of the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt prepared from the four substances is low when the fire extinguishing agent mixed melt is remelted, and the melting point is only 390-410 ℃. Not only the melting point is low, but also the activities of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium ions are high, the interaction is carried out, the melting speed of the mixed melt is high, and the fluidity and the permeability of the liquid are good, so that the mixed melt can be rapidly covered on the combustion materials. Along with the rise of temperature, it always permeates to deep layer along the seam of coal fire, at this time, as long as enough amount of fire extinguishing agent is added, the flowing layer permeated by them will thicken and release a large amount of carbon dioxide, so as to cover the dual actions of oxygen isolation and carbon dioxide release, and make the combustion of coal bed extinguished, and the fire extinguishing effect is good.
Example 2 further optimizes example 1, wherein the solid fire extinguishing agent comprises 20% by weight of divalent salt, 80% by weight of monovalent salt, 34.92% by weight of sodium chloride, 45.08% by weight of potassium chloride, 9% by weight of magnesium chloride, and 11% by weight of calcium chloride.
In example 3, in order to make the fire extinguishing effect of the solid fire extinguishing agent better, a synergist is added, and the weight ratio of the synergist to the solid fire extinguishing agent is 20:80; the synergistic agent is formed by mixing 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt, and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1.
Example 4 the present invention further provides a method for preparing a solid fire extinguishing agent, comprising the steps of:
A. crushing potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride into fine materials with the particle size of less than 8mm, and then uniformly mixing the fine materials in a mixer according to the weight percentage to obtain a mixture for later use;
B. preheating the alloy kettle to a temperature 40 ℃ higher than room temperature, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, removing floating water in air attached to the kettle wall, namely a baking kettle, slowly adding the mixture into the alloy kettle, wherein the height of the mixture does not overflow out of the alloy kettle;
C. closing an upper cover of the upper alloy kettle, heating to melt materials, raising the temperature in the alloy kettle to 650-700 ℃, maintaining for 25-35min, stirring the materials up and down for 1-3min, standing and precipitating for 15 min at 620-650 ℃, namely discharging through a discharge valve at the bottom of the alloy kettle, wherein the discharge valve is opened for 1/4 of the time to operate for half a minute and then is fully opened, or discharging by using a high-temperature submerged pump; the heating mode of the alloy kettle is external heating type or internal heating type, and natural gas is used for heating the alloy kettle from the external heating type, so that the external heating type is called as external heating type; the material is directly heated in the kettle by the electric heating element, and the kettle is called internal heat type; the external heating type is required to be increased from small fire to a maximum rated value within 10 minutes after ignition, and the internal heating type is required to be increased to a rated working current within 2 minutes;
D. the molten material flows into a material distributing tank firstly, then is split into a cooling disc, the depth of the molten material in the cooling disc is not more than 8cm, the solidification time is not more than 40min, after cooling for 60min-80min, the material is coarsely crushed at a temperature lower than 70 ℃ to enable the material to be cooled faster, the coarsely crushed material is subjected to jaw crushing through a jaw crusher when the temperature is close to room temperature, the jaw crushing is carried out, a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 5-10mm is obtained after screening, a finished product of blocky fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 10-40mm is obtained after grinding the rest of the finished product of fine-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.6-5mm through a grinder, and a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.18-0.6mm, namely 80-30 meshes is obtained.
The preparation is carried out in an alloy kettle, so that the heat efficiency is high, the heating mode adopted by the preparation is mainly contact heat transfer and convection heat transfer, the heating temperature during the preparation is 650-700 ℃, the preheating temperature of the alloy kettle is only 30 ℃ higher than the room temperature, the energy and the cost can be saved, and the production cycle (from feeding to discharging) of each kettle (kettle) of continuous production of the process is generally 2 hours, so that the production efficiency is high.
Example 5 the preparation method of the synergist added on the basis of example 4 is as follows, wherein the synergist consists of 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt, and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1.
The preparation method of the synergist and the fire extinguishing agent finished product when being mixed is that when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is coarse powder, the synergist and the fire extinguishing agent finished product are fully and evenly mixed by a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is in a fine particle shape, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 2-3mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the fine particle fire extinguishing agent finished product; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product, pressing the synergist into 6-8mm particles, and uniformly mixing the particles with the coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product in a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a block fire extinguishing agent finished product, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 25-35mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the block fire extinguishing agent finished product.
The solid fire extinguishing agent prepared by the preparation method has four physical shapes, namely, a block shape, a coarse particle shape, a fine particle shape and a coarse powder shape of 80 meshes to 30 meshes, so that the solid fire extinguishing agent cannot be taken away by hot air flow before the hot air flow of the coal mine layer burning during fire extinguishment and can fly to a distant place around, thereby improving the fire extinguishing effect.
While the fundamental and principal features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A solid fire extinguishing agent for spontaneous combustion coal seams or oil fields, characterized in that: the salt comprises 70-80% by weight of binary monovalent salt and 20-30% by weight of binary divalent salt, wherein the binary monovalent salt is potassium chloride and sodium chloride, the binary divalent salt is magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, and the molar ratio of the potassium chloride to the sodium chloride to the magnesium chloride to the calcium chloride is 1:1.
2. the solid fire extinguishing agent of claim 1, wherein: the weight percentage of the binary divalent salt is 20 percent, the weight percentage of the binary monovalent salt is 80 percent, wherein the sodium chloride accounts for 34.92 percent, the potassium chloride accounts for 45.08 percent, the magnesium chloride accounts for 9 percent, and the calcium chloride accounts for 11 percent.
3. The solid fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fire extinguishing agent also comprises a synergistic agent, wherein the weight ratio of the synergistic agent to the solid fire extinguishing agent is 15-30:70-85; the synergistic agent is formed by mixing 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt, and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1.
4. A preparation method of a solid extinguishing agent is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
A. crushing potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride into fine materials with the particle size of less than 8mm, and then uniformly mixing the fine materials in a mixer according to the weight percentage to obtain a mixture for later use;
B. preheating the alloy kettle to a temperature 40 ℃ higher than room temperature, keeping the temperature for 25-35min, removing floating water in air attached to the kettle wall, namely a baking kettle, slowly adding the mixture into the alloy kettle, wherein the height of the mixture does not overflow out of the alloy kettle;
C. closing an upper cover of the upper alloy kettle, heating to melt materials, raising the temperature in the alloy kettle to 650-700 ℃, maintaining for 25-35min, stirring the materials up and down for 1-3min, standing and precipitating for 15 min at 620-650 ℃, namely discharging through a discharge valve at the bottom of the alloy kettle, wherein the discharge valve is opened for 1/4 of the time to operate for half a minute and then is fully opened, or discharging by using a high-temperature submerged pump;
D. the molten material flows into a material distributing tank firstly, then is split into a cooling disc, the depth of the molten material in the cooling disc is not more than 8cm, the solidification time is not more than 40min, after cooling for 60min-80min, the material is coarsely crushed at a temperature lower than 70 ℃ to enable the material to be cooled faster, the coarsely crushed material is subjected to jaw crushing through a jaw crusher when the temperature is close to room temperature, the jaw crushing is carried out, a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 5-10mm is obtained after screening, a finished product of blocky fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 10-40mm is obtained after grinding the rest of the finished product of fine-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.6-5mm through a grinder, and a finished product of coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent with the particle size of 0.18-0.6mm, namely 80-30 meshes is obtained.
5. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein:
the synergistic agent is prepared by mixing 40% by weight of potassium chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride mixed melt and 60% by weight of calcium carbonate powder, magnesium carbonate and calcium chloride powder mixture, wherein the weight ratio of the calcium carbonate powder is 22%, the weight ratio of the magnesium carbonate is 18%, the weight ratio of the calcium chloride powder is 20%, and the molar ratio of the calcium carbonate powder to the magnesium carbonate is 1:1;
when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is coarse powder, fully and uniformly mixing the synergist and the fire extinguishing agent finished product by a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is in a fine particle shape, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 2-3mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the fine particle fire extinguishing agent finished product; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product, pressing the synergist into 6-8mm particles, and uniformly mixing the particles with the coarse-particle fire extinguishing agent finished product in a mixer; when the fire extinguishing agent finished product is a block fire extinguishing agent finished product, the synergist is pressed into particles with the particle size of 25-35mm, and the particles enter a mixer to be uniformly mixed with the block fire extinguishing agent finished product.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 4, wherein: in the step C, the heating mode of the alloy kettle is external heating type or internal heating type, and natural gas is used for heating the alloy kettle from external heating type, namely external heating type; the material is directly heated in the kettle by the electric heating element, and the kettle is called internal heat type; the external heating type is required to be increased from small fire to the maximum rated value within 10 minutes after ignition, and the internal heating type is required to be increased to the rated working current within 2 minutes.
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