CN109881021A - A kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace - Google Patents
A kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN109881021A CN109881021A CN201910087504.4A CN201910087504A CN109881021A CN 109881021 A CN109881021 A CN 109881021A CN 201910087504 A CN201910087504 A CN 201910087504A CN 109881021 A CN109881021 A CN 109881021A
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- cupola well
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnaces.Including the tunnel furnace body as constructed by furnace wall, furnace roof and furnace bottom；It is furnace cavity above tunnel furnace interior；It is equipped with magnesia cupola well, cupola well seat and movable siege below furnace cavity, walks on the track that the running wheel of movable siege is laid in furnace bottom, moves magnesia cupola well cylinder body relative to furnace cavity；The present invention has the characteristics that treating capacity is big, low energy consumption, facilitates the replacement of cupola well cylinder body, automatization level high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to precious metal alloys to purify enrichment plant；More particularly to a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace.
Background technique
The alloy containing noble metal obtained after the enriched reduction melting of the materials containing gold and silver such as the earth of positive pole is molten, precious metal alloys
Processing generallys use pyro-refining to purify, and the domestic manufacturing enterprise with scale generally uses oxidation furnace at present.1999 09
The moon 08, Chinese utility model patent Authorization Notice No.: CN2337500Y discloses a kind of lead blast oxidation furnace, including heating
Stove, market pot and blender, a seal closure to socket-connect with market pot, the cover and lead liquid surface surround a confined chamber jointly,
Outside confined chamber, the air blower that air can be blasted in it equipped with one, between stirring arbor and seal closure, equipped with a sealing
Component.Although blender used by the technical solution and seal closure overcome since air-vent and air inlet are all on oxidation pot
Square, the oxygen in gas cannot completely arrive at lead liquid surface, cause production efficiency low, the poor problem of lead oxidizability, but stir
Machine works in the high temperature environment, and service life is very short, causes production cost high；It is also exactly to be stirred machine stirring to raise
Melt oxidation lead liquid, it is easy to gasification volatilization, not only aoxidize lead recovery it is low, also polluted environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnaces, with treating capacity is big, low energy consumption, facilitates cupola well cylinder
The high feature of the replacement of body, automatization level.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this,
A kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace；Including the tunnel furnace body as constructed by furnace wall, furnace roof and furnace bottom；Tunnel furnace interior it is upper
Side is furnace cavity；There is the flue led in furnace cavity in furnace wall side, and flue delivery outlet connects dust-precipitator through condenser system；Furnace
There is the blast orifice led in furnace cavity in the wall other side, and air blower is connected outside blast orifice；Equipped with burning nozzle on above-mentioned furnace roof；On
It states and is equipped with magnesia cupola well, cupola well seat and movable siege below furnace cavity, the running wheel of movable siege can be in above-mentioned tunnel
It walks on the track being laid in furnace bottom below furnace interior, magnesia cupola well cylinder body is mounted in cupola well seat, and cupola well seat is built
On the steel plate bed surface of movable siege, move magnesia cupola well cylinder body relative to furnace cavity；
The furnace roof and furnace wall are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protects frame high-alumina brick or clay is brick out, the smooth magnesium of frame bottom
It is brick on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege, be packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil thickness
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and magnesia cupola well cylinder body appearance phase
Match.
The magnesia cupola well is circle pot bottom-shape.
Thick electrum refinement oxide using the present invention to quality percent purity 45-55%, refining process are divided into three
Stage:
1) melting of thick electrum and decortication stage
First by magnesia cupola well in refinement oxide furnace 800~900 DEG C of high temperature preheating 30min, remove organic in magnesia cupola well
Object, moisture, carbon dioxide and other volatile materials；
It again from vacuum drying oven thick electrum obtained after separation, is placed in the refinement oxide furnace magnesia cupola well of red heat, closes furnace
Door controls 950-1100 DEG C of furnace temperature, and thick electrum fusing is made to generate molten lead liquid；Originally have on molten lead liquid surface one layer it is dark
The dross of black, by 10~20min, black scum disappears, and fusion of lead starts shinny, and the melting of radiance is then presented between a moment
Lead surface makes fusion of lead generate decortication phenomenon；
2) oxidation and absorption stage
After fusion of lead decortication, furnace temperature adjustment is reduced to 950 DEG C；Air is allowed to enter furnace cavity from the blast orifice of refinement oxide furnace,
At this time due in thick electrum the surface of contained fusion of lead contact with the oxygen in air to be oxidized and become PbO and generate heat, melt
The temperature of lead increases significantly compared with the temperature around furnace cavity, thus fusion of lead surface oxidation lead film is shinny；
Since the lead oxide film of molten is different from the surface tension of fusion of lead, the lead oxide of most molten is by magnesia furnace
Cylinder surfaces are wet, and by the effect of surface tension, cunning is branched away from fusion of lead surface, in porosity magnesia cupola well cylinder body
Under capillarity, absorption is infiltrated in porous magnesia cupola well cylinder body；And fraction lead oxide falls in gaseous volatilization；On
Fusion of lead is stated since cohesive force is big, will not be penetrated into and absorb by magnesia cupola well cylinder body；When lead oxide film is sliding point from fusion of lead surface
Out penetrate into magnesia cupola well in, expose new fusion of lead surface and be oxidized again, the lead oxide film of the molten just generated again by
Magnesia cupola well cylinder body, which penetrates into, to be absorbed, and so constantly repeatedly, thick electrum is gradually concentrated；
Since lead oxide is absorbed by magnesia cupola well cylinder body, it will appear a red annulus, position around magnesia cupola well inner surface
It sets just on fusion of lead；
3) color and flash stage are dazzled
Temperature is increased before refinement oxide process will terminate, last temperature should reach 1100 DEG C；With thick electrum
It is gradually concentrated, the continuous reduction of fusion of lead, the ratio of gold and silver increases；The proportional components of silver increase, and stay in the magnesia cupola well the bottom of a pan
The electrum of centre, which can be presented on the phenomenon that rotating in magnesia cupola well and be accompanied by, dazzles color like rainbow shape；It dazzles color and continues several seconds
Later, color disappears, and particle is dimmed immediately, and finally glittering is primary brilliant on particle after clock every few seconds, phosphere expression occurs
Contained fusion of lead is fully oxidized to lead oxide by the absorption of magnesia cupola well cylinder body in thick electrum, and knot had been accused in refinement oxide already
Beam, the refining electrum that can will be left in magnesia cupola well the bottom of a pan center take out；
Impurity in above-mentioned thick electrum is also also oxidized during refinement oxide, the sequencing that they are aoxidized, and each
The formation calorific value of kind metal oxide is related with the size of free energy；Zinc, tin, iron, nickel, cobalt, arsenic, the calorific value of antimony and free energy row
Before lead, bismuth, copper, the heat content of tellurium and free energy are come after lead；By calorific value and the successively oxidation of free energy sequence；Above-mentioned impurity
The oxide generated in refinement oxide, some escape (such as As in gas2O3、Sb2O3), some oxides can be dissolved in oxygen
Change in lead (such as copper oxide), is removed as lead oxide is also absorbed into magnesia cupola well cylinder body.
During above-mentioned refinement oxide, in the 1.5% of the total lead oxide weight of lead oxide Zhan that gaseous volatilization falls；98.5% oxygen
Change lead and absorption is penetrated by porous magnesia cupola well cylinder body.
Using the present invention during refinement oxide, gold and silver is not only separated with lead, while can also will enter thick electrum
In impurity remove；Therefore the refining electrum particle that finally obtains is purer, and refinement oxide process time is shorter, about with
The speed of 0.8~1.0g/min carries out, fast and convenient, the good separation of refinement oxide means, and direct yield is high.
Refinement oxide furnace of the invention is the minitunnel furnace of a burning natural gas, furnace wall, furnace roof, furnace bottom and leads to furnace
Flue in thorax space is fixed；And magnesia cupola well cylinder body, cupola well seat and movable siege are then moveable；Facilitate magnesia
The replacement of cupola well cylinder body；Especially with disposable magnesia cupola well, the lead oxide for penetrating into absorption can be recycled, this makes to grasp
Make more easy.Productivity effect is significant, and gold and silver direct yield is increased to 97.5-99%.
Compared with the prior art, for the present invention using the magnesia cupola well of circle pot bottom-shape, the main component of magnesia is magnesia,
It is good refractory material, is resistant to the erosion of basic solvent.The lead oxide generated when precious metals containing lead refinement oxide is extremely strong alkalinity
Flux.The affinity of lead oxide and silica is very strong at high temperature, can invade the silicate in magnesia cupola well.Use magnesia furnace
Cylinder, surface is very smooth, gold and silver loss is small.Using the present invention without using blender, the gas of melt oxidation lead liquid is greatly reduced
Change volatilization, the lead oxide that falls of actual measurement gaseous volatilization only the total lead oxide weight of Zhan 1.5%, reduce environmental pollution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is present invention process flow diagram.
In attached drawing: 1 furnace wall；2 furnace roofs；3 furnace bottoms；4 furnace cavities；5 flues；6 blast orifices；7 burning nozzles；8 magnesia cupola wells；
9 cupola well seats；10 movable sieges；11 running wheels；12 tracks.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is limited in any way, base
In present invention teach that made any transformation, each falls within the scope of the present invention.
With reference to a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace of attached drawing 1, including the tunnel as constructed by furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2) and furnace bottom (3)
Road furnace body；It is characterized by: being furnace cavity (4) above tunnel furnace interior；Furnace wall (1) side, which has, leads to furnace cavity
(4) flue (5) in, flue delivery outlet connect dust-precipitator through condenser system；Furnace wall (1) other side, which has, leads to furnace cavity (4)
Interior blast orifice (6), blast orifice (6) connect air blower outside；Equipped with burning nozzle (7) on above-mentioned furnace roof (2)；Above-mentioned furnace cavity
(4) lower section is equipped with magnesia cupola well (8), cupola well seat (9) and movable siege (10), and the running wheel (11) of movable siege can be upper
It states and walks on the track (12) being laid in the furnace bottom (3) of continuous tunnel furnace body lower inside, magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body is mounted on cupola well
In seat (9), cupola well seat (9) is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), allows magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body with respect to burner hearth
It moves in space (4)；
The furnace roof (2) and furnace wall (1) are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat (9) is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protect frame high-alumina brick or clay it is brick go out, frame bottom is with smooth
Magnesia brick is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), is packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil layer
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm of thickness, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body
Appearance matches.
The magnesia cupola well (8) is circle pot bottom-shape.
The magnesia cupola well, is calcined with magnesia, levigate, and it is levigate after magnesia to be finished in several days；First cross 250 mesh
Sieve, after 300 meshes；63% or more magnesia particle under the sieve of 300 meshes was taken, magnesia particle is no more than 20% on sieve, it mixes,
Obtain magnesia mixture；85 parts of magnesia mixtures by weight and 15 parts of 500# cement, stir and evenly mix into magnesia cement material, add quite
In 8~12% water of magnesia cement material parts by weight, it is stirred for mixing；It is cast on cupola well (8) mold, is pressed into ware with press.
The loss of noble metal is than using the cupola well of other materials when magnesia cupola well (8) refinement oxide being made into magnesia
It is small.
The present invention is a kind of minitunnel furnace of natural gas that burns.Furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2), furnace bottom (3) and flue (5) are all
It is fixed.And movable siege (10) and magnesia cupola well (8) are then moveable.Magnesia cupola well (8) after use can be replaced.
Using the present invention to the thick electrum refinement oxide process of quality percent purity 45-55%:
The thick electrum of vacuum drying oven content 45-55% obtained after separation is placed in magnesia cupola well (8) with reference to attached drawing 2, is controlled
Warm 950 DEG C of -1100 DEG C of progress refinement oxides, fusion of lead is contacted with the oxygen in air at this time becomes lead oxide, due to surface tension
Effect, most of PbO absorbed by porous magnesia cupola well (8), and fraction vapors away, and gold and silver is not oxidized, at graininess
It stays among magnesia cupola well (8).It is called refinement oxide according to the oxidizing semlting process for being higher than metal oxide fusing point in metallurgy,
Therefore we claim this separation means refinement oxide process.
Refinement oxide is the important means that noble metal is separated with lead in metal.In refinement oxide, first by magnesia cupola well
(8) it is preheated in 800~900 DEG C of high temperature, removes organic matter, moisture, carbon dioxide and the others in magnesia cupola well (8)
After volatile materials, then the thick electrum of content 45-55% is put on the magnesia cupola well (8) of red heat.If magnesia cupola well
(8) preheating time not enough just puts the thick electrum of content 45-55%, then remaining gas evolution, punching in magnesia cupola well (8)
Broken fusion of lead liquid level dishes out small lead drop, this phenomenon is called " spitting " (spitting).The thick gold and silver of content 45-55% closes
After gold fusing, the surface oxidation by air of fusion of lead forms one layer of lead oxide film.The lead oxide of molten and the table of fusion of lead
Face tension is different, and lead oxide can absorb (the capillary in porous magnesia cupola well (8) by magnesia cupola well (8) surface wettability
Effect), the cohesive force of fusion of lead is big, is not absorbed by magnesia cupola well (8).The lead oxide of melting slides to seep from fusion of lead surface
Enter in magnesia cupola well (8), expose new surface and be oxidized again, the lead oxide of the molten just generated is inhaled by magnesia cupola well (8) again
It receives, so constantly repeatedly, until lead, which is fully oxidized to lead oxide, to be absorbed by magnesia cupola well (8).In the process, only about
1.5% lead oxide is evaporate into air in steam, and 98.5% or so lead oxide is absorbed by magnesia cupola well (8).Gold and silver not by
Oxidation.After being absorbed at lead oxide by magnesia cupola well (8) with lead, gold and silver is gradually concentrated, and is finished to this process, gold and silver stays
In magnesia cupola well (8) recess portion center.Impurity in the thick electrum of content 45-55% is also oxidized during refinement oxide,
The sequencing that they are aoxidized, it is related with the size of the formation heat of various metal oxides and free energy.Zinc, tin, iron, nickel, cobalt,
Arsenic, antimony are before lead oxidation, and successively oxidation in order, wherein zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide at first, and tin takes second place ....After lead oxidation,
It is bismuth, copper, tellurium oxidation.The oxide that these impurity are generated in refinement oxide, some escape (such as As at gas2O3、Sb2O3),
Some oxides can be dissolved in lead oxide (such as copper oxide), be removed as lead oxide is also absorbed into magnesia cupola well (8)
It goes.
During refinement oxide, gold and silver is not only separated with lead, while can also close the thick gold and silver for entering content 45-55%
Impurity in gold removes.Therefore the purer refinement oxide process time of gold and silver particle that finally obtains is shorter, about with 0.8~
The speed of 1.0g/min carries out, fast and convenient, the good separation of refinement oxide means, and direct yield is high.This is other oxidations
Refine unexistent advantage.Refinement oxide process can be divided into three phases: the loading of the thick electrum of content 45-55% and
Fusing, content 45-55% thick electrum oxidation and absorption, dazzle color and flash of light；
(1) it melts and peels,
The thick electrum of content 45-55% is put into the magnesia cupola well (8) for preheating 30min at 900 DEG C, fire door is closed, if
Magnesia cupola well (8) has been fully warmed-up, then the thick electrum of content 45-55% should melt immediately.Originally have on surface one layer it is black dull
The dross of color, if in-furnace temperature is suitable, by 10~20min black scum i.e. disappear, fusion of lead start it is shinny, between a moment then
The fusion of lead surface of radiance is presented, this phenomenon is called decortication.If delaying 20~30min to peel not yet, it may be possible to high
The too low perhaps magnesia cupola well (8) of the temperature of warm furnace is not fully warmed-up or furnace atmosphere is strong oxidizing property, or because
There are the impurity such as a large amount of tin, nickel in the thick electrum of content 45-55%.The oxide ester mp of tin, nickel is very high, is covered on
On the surface of fusion of lead.If impurity is too many in the thick electrum of content 45-55%, temperature oxidation refining only is being increased, but
The loss of gold, silver increases in this way.If the thick electrum of content 45-55% is purer, only because furnace temperature is too low, then a small amount of go back is added
Lead oxide can be reduced into metallic lead by the reducing atmosphere that former furnace generates, and the thick electrum of content 45-55% is promoted to peel；
(2) it aoxidizes and absorbs
Air is allowed to enter burner hearth after decortication, furnace temperature can be reduced to 950 DEG C, and the temperature of the temperature of fusion of lead relatively surrounding has aobvious at this time
The raising of work, this is because caused by lead is oxidized and generates heat, thus fusion of lead surface is shinny.The lead oxide melted penetrates into magnesium
In sand cupola well (8), fraction lead oxide is fallen in gaseous volatilization, is risen as cigarette by magnesia cupola well (8).Due to lead oxide quilt
Magnesia cupola well (8) absorbs, and an annulus occurs around magnesia cupola well (8), position is just on fusion of lead.If annulus
It is shiny red, indicates that refinement oxide temperature is too high.If refinement oxide temperature is too low, the temperature on fusion of lead surface is lower than oxidation
When the fusing point of lead, the lead oxide of melting can solidify completely, encase fusion of lead, because having completely cut off air, so fusion of lead is no longer by oxygen
Change, refinement oxide also stops carrying out, and this phenomenon, which is called, to be freezed.Freezeout frequently occurs in the later period of refinement oxide, because
At this moment lead is seldom, and the heat that lead is oxidized generation is compared with early period, has greatly reduced, and the temperature in fusion of lead is reducing.
If at this moment furnace temperature does not increase, many cold airs enter in furnace, it is easy to freeze.After freezing, if again furnace temperature liter
Temperature when height restarts to refinement oxide, resulting analysis result is often because temperature is too high and relatively low.Remedial measure be by
Frozen magnesia cupola well (8) takes out, and adds several grams of sheet leads at once, is reentered into the refining of furnace internal oxidition；
(3) color and flash of light are dazzled
Temperature must be increased before refinement oxide process will terminate.Because at this moment the surface of fusion of lead greatly reduces, oxidation
Generated scorching hot amount also accordingly reduces, and because the ratio of gold and silver increases in lead, and alloy is more difficult as fusion of lead is reduced
It melts.In order to eliminate last drop lead, last temperature should reach 1100 DEG C, but also not be too high, and will cause like that
The loss of gold and silver increases.The ingredient of silver is higher, in rotation phenomenon and has continuous color like rainbow, this phenomenon is known as dazzling color.It dazzles
As long as color only lasts for several seconds, after color disappears, particle, that is, dimmed, finally glittering is primary brilliant on particle after clock every few seconds, this
It is the radiance released because of the latent heat of fusion in particle and occurred again suddenly, this phenomenon is referred to as to glisten.There is phosphere
It indicates that refinement oxide came to an end already, silver thick in magnesia cupola well (8) can be taken out.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace；Including the tunnel furnace body as constructed by furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2) and furnace bottom (3)；It is special
Sign is: being furnace cavity (4) above tunnel furnace interior；There is the flue led in furnace cavity (4) in furnace wall (1) side
(5), flue delivery outlet connects dust-precipitator through condenser system；There is the blast orifice led in furnace cavity (4) in furnace wall (1) other side
(6), blast orifice (6) connects air blower outside；Equipped with burning nozzle (7) on above-mentioned furnace roof (2)；It is set below above-mentioned furnace cavity (4)
There are magnesia cupola well (8), cupola well seat (9) and movable siege (10), the running wheel (11) of movable siege can be in above-mentioned continuous tunnel furnace
It walks on the track (12) being laid in the furnace bottom (3) of body lower inside, magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body is mounted in cupola well seat (9),
Cupola well seat (9) is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), allows magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body with respect to furnace cavity (4)
It moves；
The furnace roof (2) and furnace wall (1) are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat (9) is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protect frame high-alumina brick or clay it is brick go out, frame bottom is with smooth
Magnesia brick is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), is packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil layer
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm of thickness, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and magnesia cupola well (8) cylinder body
Appearance matches.
2. a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cupola well (8) is circle pot bottom-shape.
3. a kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the magnesia cupola well (8) uses magnesia
Calcination, it is levigate, and it is levigate after magnesia to be finished in several days；250 meshes are first crossed, after 300 meshes；Took 300 meshes
Lower 63% or more magnesia particle is sieved, magnesia particle is no more than 20% on sieve, and mixing obtains magnesia mixture；85 parts of magnesia by weight
Mixture and 15 parts of 500# cement, stir and evenly mix into magnesia cement material, add and are equivalent to 8~12% water of magnesia cement material parts by weight, then
It stirs and evenly mixs；It is cast on magnesia cupola well (8) mold, is pressed into ware with press.
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| CN201910087504.4A CN109881021A (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | A kind of refinement oxide continuous tunnel furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109652656A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 郴州雄风环保科技有限公司 | A kind of precious metal alloys purification process of enriching and refinement oxide furnace |
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| CN201581120U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-09-15 | 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 | Silver smelting furnace |
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Application publication date: 20190614 |