CN101851705B - Antimony impurity smelting method and reverberatory furnace for smelting - Google Patents
Antimony impurity smelting method and reverberatory furnace for smelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN101851705B CN101851705B CN2010102023086A CN201010202308A CN101851705B CN 101851705 B CN101851705 B CN 101851705B CN 2010102023086 A CN2010102023086 A CN 2010102023086A CN 201010202308 A CN201010202308 A CN 201010202308A CN 101851705 B CN101851705 B CN 101851705B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an antimony impurity smelting method which comprises the steps of proportioning, charging, smelting, discharging and the like. A reverberatory furnace for smelting comprises a furnace body (1), wherein a fire chamber (2) and a furnace chamber (9) are arranged in the furnace body (1). The reverberatory furnace for smelting is characterized in that the furnace body (1) is integrally arranged in an iron box placed on the ground; a fire door (8) is arranged in front of the fire chamber (2), and a blast orifice (7) and a soot door (6) are arranged at the lower part of the fire chamber (2); a discharging opening (10) is arranged at one side of the furnace body (1) and is close to the bottom of the furnace chamber (9); the internal circumference of the furnace chamber (9) inclines to the discharging opening (10), and the gradient is 5.5-6.9; the top of the furnace chamber (9) is cambered, and the radian is 1.2-1.4; and a charging opening (4) is arranged on the top of the furnace chamber (9). The method of the invention is feasible; the reverberatory furnace has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and maintenance and low energy consumption; antimony is recovered, and simultaneously, other noble metals are recovered too; and the recovery rate of the antimony is generally more than 85%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of melting method and melting reverberatory furnace of antimony, specifically a kind of stilba material melting method and melting reverberatory furnace.
Background technology:
At present, antimony is smelted and is used reverberatory furnace owing to its reasons in structure, and it is insufficient to burn, and efficiency is low, and the intact coal of a large amount of unburns runs off with exhausting, causes its fire box temperature about 1200 ℃, and the top temperature of burner hearth is about 1150 ℃.Therefore when processing contained the stilba material of antimony 4～45%, it was long smelting time to occur, reduce not thoroughly, steeped the antimony content in slag height, and precious metal and valuable metal be problem such as concentrated withdrawal, the yield of antimony generally about 50%～70%, the production cost height.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of stilba material melting method and melting reverberatory furnace that from the stilba material, extracts alloy.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize its goal of the invention, a kind of stilba material melting method, described stilba material contains plumbous oxide 3%～45% for containing weisspiessglanz 4%～45%, contain arsenic oxide arsenoxide 3%～50%, contain zinc oxide 10%～20%, bismuth-containing 0.5%～15%, stanniferous 0.5%～5%, iron content 5%～18%, contain indium 0.05%～0.2%, contain tellurium 0.1%～4%, it may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: described batching is for by weight, and the add-on of every part of stilba material reductive agent is 5%～12%, and the add-on of fusing assistant is 6%～15%, and the add-on of supplement is 5%～12%;
(2) charging: earlier reductive agent is added in the stove from charging opening by proportioning, take off flat; Add the stilba material of being furnished with supplement again, push away flat; At last, required fusing assistant is covered on the stilba material, seals charging opening with lime slurry;
(3) melting: at first the insulation oven dry is 1 hour～2 hours; Be warming up to 500 ℃～600 ℃ again, kept 2 hours～3 hours, make volatile matter arsenic quicken volatilization; Be warming up to 1300 ℃～1400 ℃ at last, kept 4 hours～5 hours, slag is separated with alloy;
(4) come out of the stove: observe in the stove,, determine the discharging order of alloy and slag again according to raw material condition.
Batching reductive agent of the present invention is the charcoal of carbon containing more than 82%.
Batching fusing assistant of the present invention is a kind of or its combination in yellow soda ash, the sodium hydroxide.
Batching supplement of the present invention are a kind of or its combination in calcium oxide, fluorite powder, silica powder, the potassium oxide.
A kind of stilba material melting reverberatory furnace that adopts aforesaid method, it comprises body of heater, is provided with fire box, burner hearth in the body of heater, and described body of heater integral body places and is positioned over ground iron case, and the fire box front is provided with vent, and the bottom is provided with blast orifice and soot door; Body of heater one side is provided with discharge port, and discharge port tilts to discharge port in the burner hearth all around near the burner hearth bottom setting, and the gradient is 5.5～6.9, and roof of the furnace is an arched top, radian 1.2～1.4, and roof of the furnace is provided with opening for feed.
The present invention is for reducing environmental pollution, and improves yield, and the body of heater top is provided with and is used for secondary dust arrester installation that opening for feed, discharge port are gathered dust.
Owing to adopt technique scheme, the present invention has realized goal of the invention preferably, stilba material melting method is feasible, and used reverberatory furnace structure is simple, operation, easy to maintenance, energy consumption is low, the raw material wide accommodation when having reclaimed antimony, has been regained its contained precious metal gold and silver, bismuth, indium, tellurium etc. again, got good economic benefits, the rate of recovery of its antimony is generally more than 85%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of reverberatory furnace of the present invention.
Embodiment:
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of stilba material melting method, described stilba material contains plumbous oxide 3%～45% for containing weisspiessglanz 4%～45%, contains arsenic oxide arsenoxide 3%～50%, contain zinc oxide 10%～20%, bismuth-containing 0.5%～15%, stanniferous 0.5%～5%, argentiferous 0.01%～0.5%, iron content 5%～18%, contain indium 0.05%～0.2%, cupric 1%～5% contains tellurium 0.1%～4%.
Present embodiment is for containing weisspiessglanz 23%, contain plumbous oxide 28%, trioxygen-containingization two arsenic 18%, bismuth-containing 3%, contain zinc oxide 12%, iron content 12%, and other are 4% years old.
It may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: described batching is for by weight, and the add-on of every part of stilba material reductive agent is 5%～12%, and the add-on of fusing assistant is 6%～15%, and the add-on of supplement is 5%～12%.
In step (1), present embodiment is chosen the charcoal of carbon containing more than 82% as reductive agent, and charcoal adopts the environmental protection charcoal.
According to antimony regulus data calculation of parameter, theoretical consumption carbon amount is 6.16% of an antimonous oxide, and the coefficient of excess of reductive agent is generally 1.05～1.45 (present embodiment values 1.25), and the reductive agent consumption is:
Present embodiment reductive agent consumption is
Consider that fe can reduce the consumption of reductive agent, so the add-on of present embodiment reductive agent charcoal is 8%.
Described batching fusing assistant is a kind of or its combination in yellow soda ash, the sodium hydroxide.
The consumption of fusing assistant determines according to the content of silicon-dioxide in the stilba material, be generally its 50%～70%.Present embodiment is considered to contain zinc oxide 12%, and its dioxide-containing silica is higher, and generally 8%～15%, therefore, it is fusing assistant that present embodiment is chosen yellow soda ash, and the add-on of fusing assistant is 8%.
Described batching supplement are a kind of or its combination in calcium oxide, fluorite powder, silica powder, the potassium oxide, for plumbiferous stilba material, select the calcium oxide of adding 3%～8%; To containing the stilba material of tellurium, select the potassium oxide of adding 2%～7%, dioxide-containing silica is lower than 5% stilba material, select the silica powder of adding 5%～8%, to stanniferous stilba material, selection adds 2%～7% fluorite powder.
Present embodiment selects to add calcium oxide 3%, fluorite powder 4%.
(2) charging: smoking cover is moved to opening for feed 4 tops and covered smoking cover, start secondary dust arrester installation 5, earlier reductive agent is added in the burner hearth 9 from opening for feed 4 by the worktable 3 on the body of heater 1, take off flat by proportioning; Add the stilba material be furnished with supplement again, push away flat, the moisture 5%～8% of stilba material; At last, required fusing assistant is covered on the stilba material, shuts service gate 11, opening for feed 4, and seal around it with lime slurry.The sealing of discharge port 10 requires viscosity mud, adds 10% fine sand, adds water 15%, stirs, and makes immobilising bulk.Discharge port 10 blocks up into that burner hearth 9 is not less than 200mm, is not less than 120mm for the second time, is not less than 80mm for the third time, pushes down with wooden stick at every turn, gently beats wooden stick with iron hammer, to mud and stove brick bonding till.
(3) melting: at first utilize furnace temperature insulation oven dry 1 hour～2 hours; Be warming up to 500 ℃～600 ℃ (present embodiment is 580 ℃) again, keep 2 hours～3 hours (present embodiment is 3 hours), make volatile matter arsenic quicken volatilization, because white arsenic just is being fit to distillation in this temperature stage, have 60% ARSENIC TRI OXIDE 98 to enter main dust arrester installation 13 by venting hole 12, part lyotrope material begins reduction; Be warming up to 1300 ℃～1400 ℃ (present embodiment is 1350 ℃) at last, keep 4 hours～5 hours (present embodiment is 4 hours), slag is separated with alloy;
(4) come out of the stove: observe in the stove,, determine the discharging order of alloy and slag again according to raw material condition.
In step (4), open service gate 11, observe in the stove, stir in the stove with instrument, no bulk slagging scorification, slag separates clear with alloy, the upper strata redness, lower floor's silvery white does not have a large amount of white smoke, promptly can come out of the stove.According to raw material condition, determine the discharging order of alloy and slag again.Present embodiment goes out alloy earlier because the product alloy is many.Smoking cover is moved to discharge port 10 tops and covered smoking cover, start secondary dust arrester installation 5.Present embodiment is with amphidromic cast steel basin, earlier with the 12mm round steel the discharge port bottom beat inwardly wear after, slowly gently beat again and withdraw from, alloy is flowed in the basin automatically.Alloy cutout is blocked with stifled mud after red slag occurring, and mud is blocked up in discharge port 10 tops, and slowly to peel off to the stove slag down parallel.Receive discharge port with amphidromic cast steel basin, slowly a stream of strip off slag road slowly flows in the basin slag, and slag scratches clean stifled mud after going out only, and peace and quiet burner hearth residual alloys and bubble slag are with the stifled good cinder notch of new mud.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of stilba material melting reverberatory furnace that adopts aforesaid method, it comprises body of heater 1, be provided with fire box 2, burner hearth 9 in the body of heater 1, body of heater 1 top is provided with worktable 3, and described body of heater 1 integral body places and is positioned over ground iron case, reduces like this and builds stove cost 15%, be convenient to operation, for next step slagging and antimony alloy have been created condition.Fire box 2 fronts are provided with vent 8, and the bottom is provided with blast orifice 7 and soot door 6.Former relatively reverberatory furnace vent 8 is located at body of heater 1 both sides, and the middle dead angle of fire box does not have the coal phenomenon in the time of can reducing coal, caking easy-clear, cinder easy-clear between fire.Improve the temperature in the burner hearth 9, risen to about 1350 by original about 1150 ℃, saved coal-fired 20% simultaneously.Body of heater 1 one sides are provided with discharge port 10, and discharge port 10 is provided with near burner hearth 9 bottoms, tilt to discharge port 10 all around in the burner hearth 9, and the gradient is 5.5～6.9 (present embodiment is 5.5).Like this, go into furnace charge and be easy to accept heat, fusion is fast, does not harden, and furnace bottom is concentrated to discharge port 10, and is easy to deslagging and alloy.For convenient, service gate 11 is located at discharge port 10 tops, and burner hearth 9 tops are arched top, radian 1.2～1.4 (present embodiment is 1.2), and burner hearth 9 tops are provided with opening for feed 4.Like this, improved the anti-holding capacity at burner hearth 9 tops, do not collapsed during charging because of heavy burden.Simultaneously, the arc furnace roof makes burning more abundant, has improved temperature in thermo-efficiency and the burner hearth 9.
For preventing that oxide compound from emitting outward, influence environment and significant loss during charging of the present invention, body of heater 1 top is provided with and is used for secondary dust arrester installation 5 that opening for feed 4, discharge port 10 are gathered dust.
Present embodiment adds above-mentioned reverberatory furnace with 1500kg stilba material to be smelted according to above-mentioned steps, produces alloy 675kg.Wherein: contain antimony 40%, folding amount of metal 270kg, recovery 93.68%; Contain arsenic 3%, folding amount of metal 20.25kg, recovery 9.9%; Leaded 49.4%, folding amount of metal 333.45kg, recovery 88.6%; Bismuth-containing 6.7%, folding amount of metal 45kg, recovery 100%; Produce quantity of slag 600kg, wherein slag contains zinc 21%, recovery 87.13%, and this slag can be used as the zinc hydrometallurgy raw material.
Contain the small amount of precious metals gold and silver in the stilba material, since generally leaded in the stilba material, and lead is the good collecting agent of gold and silver, so gold and silver enter in the alloy more than 95%.
When the present invention used, non-Special Circumstances need not stirred material in the stove, and antimony has only about 6% to enter dust chamber, and lead has only about 5% to enter dust chamber.
The alloy of receiving can obtain required metal by Metal smelting.
Embodiment 2:
Contain weisspiessglanz 15%, plumbous oxide 35%, white arsenic 18%, bismuth metal 2%, zinc oxide 3%, indium 0.11% in the stilba material, iron 5%, silicon 15%, other are 6.89% years old.
The add-on of present embodiment stilba material reductive agent charcoal is 10%, owing to contain indium, siliceous higher, the consumption of fusing assistant is the soda ash of adding 13%, because siliceous higher, the consumption of supplement is for adding calcium oxide 7%, fluorite powder 4%.
Present embodiment adds above-mentioned reverberatory furnace with 1500kg stilba material to be smelted according to above-mentioned steps, produces alloy 643kg, wherein: contain antimony 27%, folding amount of metal 173.61kg, recovery 92.37%; Contain arsenic 2.5%, folding amount of metal 16.08kg, recovery 7.86%; Leaded 65%, folding amount of metal 417.95kg, recovery 88.85%; Bismuth-containing 4.67%, folding amount of metal 30kg, recovery 100%; Other assorted metal 30kg; Produce quantity of slag 480kg, wherein slag contains indium 3.2 kg/ton, and recovery 93%, this slag can be used as wet method refining indium raw material.
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Contain weisspiessglanz 22%, plumbous oxide 32%, stannic oxide 7% in the stilba material, white arsenic 34%, bismuth metal 1.2%, other are 3.8% years old.
The add-on of present embodiment stilba material reductive agent charcoal is 8%, and the consumption of fusing assistant is the soda ash of adding 10%, because stanniferous is higher, the consumption of supplement is for adding calcium oxide 3%, fluorite powder 4%.
Present embodiment adds the stilba material 300kg of 1200kg stilba material and the essentially identical iron content 5% of antimonial lead above-mentioned reverberatory furnace and smelts according to above-mentioned steps, produces alloy 677.59kg, wherein: contain antimony 36.3%, folding amount of metal 245.96kg, recovery 89.22%; Contain arsenic 3.2%, folding amount of metal 21.68kg, recovery 5.6%; Leaded 55.5%, folding amount of metal 376.26kg, recovery 87.48%; Bismuth-containing 2.66%, folding amount of metal 18kg, recovery 100%; Stanniferous 0.5%, folding amount of metal 3.38kg, recovery 4.1%; Produce quantity of slag 590kg, wherein the slag stanniferous 11.5%, and recovery 82.1%, this slag can be used as pyrogenic process tin metallurgy raw material.
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Contain weisspiessglanz 12.5%, plumbous oxide 28.7%, white arsenic 26.3%, tellurium oxide 3.5% in the stilba material,, bismuth metal 0.8%, other are 28.2% years old.
The add-on of present embodiment stilba material reductive agent charcoal is 13%, and the consumption of fusing assistant is the soda ash of adding 12%, because it is higher to contain tellurium, the consumption of supplement is a potassium oxide 3.5%, adds calcium oxide 5%.
Present embodiment adds above-mentioned reverberatory furnace with 1500kg stilba material to be smelted according to above-mentioned steps, produces alloy 556.5kg, wherein: contain antimony 25.8%, folding amount of metal 143.57kg, recovery 91.7%; Contain arsenic 2.7%, folding amount of metal 15.02kg, recovery 5.0%; Leaded 62.7%, folding amount of metal 348.93kg, recovery 90.4%; Contain tellurium 6.6%, folding amount of metal 36.73kg, recovery 87.5%;
Bismuth-containing 2.1%, folding amount of metal 12kg, recovery 100%; Produce quantity of slag 300kg, wherein antimony content in slag 0.3%, lead 1.5%, and arsenic 0.5%, tellurium 0.01%, the bismuth trace, this slag does not have utility value, and it is buried to put into pit.
Surplus with embodiment 1.
Claims (3)
1. stilba material melting method, described stilba material is for containing weisspiessglanz 4%～45%, contain plumbous oxide 3%～45%, contain arsenic oxide arsenoxide 3%～50%, contain zinc oxide 10%～20%, bismuth-containing 0.5%～15%, stanniferous 0.5%～5%, iron content 5%～18% contains indium 0.05%～0.2%, contain tellurium 0.1%～4%, it is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(1) batching: described batching is for by weight, the add-on of every part of stilba material reductive agent is 5%～12%, described reductive agent is the charcoal of carbon containing more than 82%, the add-on of fusing assistant is 6%～15%, described fusing assistant is a kind of or its combination in yellow soda ash, the sodium hydroxide, the add-on of supplement is 5%～12%, and described supplement are a kind of or its combination in calcium oxide, fluorite powder, silica powder, the potassium oxide;
(2) charging: earlier reductive agent is added in the stove from charging opening by proportioning, take off flat; Add the stilba material of being furnished with supplement again, push away flat; At last, required fusing assistant is covered on the stilba material, seals charging opening with lime slurry;
(3) melting: at first the insulation oven dry is 1 hour～2 hours; Be warming up to 500 ℃～600 ℃ again, kept 2 hours～3 hours, make volatile matter arsenic quicken volatilization; Be warming up to 1300 ℃～1400 ℃ at last, kept 4 hours～5 hours, slag is separated with alloy;
(4) come out of the stove: observe in the stove,, determine the discharging order of alloy and slag again according to raw material condition.
2. one kind is adopted the stilba material melting reverberatory furnace of method according to claim 1, it comprises body of heater (1), be provided with fire box (2), burner hearth (9) in the body of heater (1), it is characterized in that described body of heater (1) integral body places is positioned over ground iron case, fire box (2) front is provided with vent (8), and the bottom is provided with blast orifice (7) and soot door (6); Body of heater (1) one side is provided with discharge port (10), and discharge port (10) is provided with near burner hearth (9) bottom, tilts to discharge port (10) all around in the burner hearth (9), the gradient is 5.5～6.9, burner hearth (9) top is an arched top, radian 1.2～1.4, and burner hearth (9) top is provided with opening for feed (4).
3. stilba material melting reverberatory furnace according to claim 2 is characterized in that body of heater (1) top is provided with and is used for secondary dust arrester installation (5) that opening for feed (4), discharge port (10) are gathered dust.
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| CN2010102023086A CN101851705B (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2010-06-11 | Antimony impurity smelting method and reverberatory furnace for smelting |
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| CN106756111B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2019-06-14 | 南昌专腾科技有限公司 | A kind of system and method for pyrometallurgical smelting antimony |
| CN112410581B (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2022-08-12 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for producing metal antimony from antimony oxide powder |
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| EA200870420A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2009-08-28 | Стрэйтс Рисорсиз Лимитед | METHOD FOR EXTRACTING OF ANTIBRONOUS AND VALUABLE METALS FROM CONTAINING ANTIBRONOUS AND VALUABLE METALS OF MATERIALS |
| CN2928871Y (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2007-08-01 | 王涛 | Stibium tiroxide smelting furnace with multiple reactor |
| CN100497682C (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2009-06-10 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | Technique of comprehensive recovering valuable metal in chlorine-oxygen-antimony slag |
| CN201697445U (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-01-05 | 湖南省桃江县板溪锑品矿冶厂 | Reverberatory furnace for smelting antimony-doped material |
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