CN106435211A - Bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method - Google Patents
Bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106435211A CN106435211A CN201610711395.5A CN201610711395A CN106435211A CN 106435211 A CN106435211 A CN 106435211A CN 201610711395 A CN201610711395 A CN 201610711395A CN 106435211 A CN106435211 A CN 106435211A
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- earth
- positive pole
- precious metals
- containing lead
- metals containing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/023—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
Abstract
The invention relates to a bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method. By adopting the furnace bottom heating mode, a traditional heating mode mainly depending on heat radiation and heat conduction is changed into the heating mode mainly depending on heat convection and heat conduction. The bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method includes the following steps that (1) a heating spray gun is arranged at the bottom of a noble lead furnace; (2) a molten pool is built, specifically, the heating spray gun is ignited to melt bottom lead, so that the molten pool is formed in the noble lead furnace; (3) anode slime is prepared; (4) anode slime materials in the step (3) and soot generated in the anode slime refining process are mixed and then continuously added into the molten pool; and (5) furnace slag and noble lead are discharged. The bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method has the advantages that work efficiency is high, fuel is saved, the investment cost is low, environment pollution is low, and the handling capacity is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to non-ferrous metal metallurgy technical field, particularly relate to the earth of positive pole reduction melting side of a kind of bottom heat supply
Method.
Background technology
At present, earth of positive pole reduction melting is typically carried out in horizontal chamber furnace (oven) or shaft furnace.By process conditions can divide tradition melting and
Bottom-blown smelting（Domestic patent ZL200810049459.5 proposes and implements a kind of at the earth of positive pole pyrogenic process of nonferrous smelting industry
During reason, separating-purifying is expensive, the smelting process of base metal and device thereof, and the method is the method for bottom-blown smelting）Two kinds, but this
The main presentation mode of the heat of two kinds of melting patterns is fuel gas and oxygen-containing gas and burns in burner offer, simultaneously institute
The heat producing transmits in thermal-radiating mode, and heat utilization efficiency is relatively low, smelts speed relatively low.Meanwhile, smelting process is produced
Raw substantial amounts of high-temperature flue gas, needs water jacket and the cooling of large-scale surface cooler to ensure that cleaner is properly functioning.
Domestic patent ZL200810049459.5 uses oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing molten pool melting technology to process the earth of positive pole, the oxygen in spray gun
There is oxidation reaction with molten bath in gas, provides the partial heat required for smelting, and compared with tradition melting technique, energy consumption has dropped
Low.But the burner that overwhelming majority heat remains a need for top, molten bath provides, and the thermal efficiency is not high, and energy consumption is still bigger.
Content of the invention
The problem existing in view of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide the earth of positive pole reduction of a kind of bottom heat supply
Method of smelting, uses from the mode of bottom of furnace body heat supply, by traditional with heat-supplying mode based on heat radiation and heat transfer, changes into
Heat-supplying mode based on thermal convection current and heat transfer, its heat transfer efficiency is greatly improved, and it is little that this method has investment, and efficiency is high,
The advantages such as smelting cost is low, and treating capacity is big.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
The earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply, comprises the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns burner down according to material melting situation in stove simultaneously, if fusing effect is preferable, it is also possible to close and burn
Mouth；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 0% ~ 5% into,
Stirring, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 0.5mm ~ 20mm；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 100mm-150mm when, stop charging, protect
Holding slag temperature and precipitating 0.1h ~ 2h at 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when in molten bath
Precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater center line, when 800mm-1000mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.
Improve further, step 2）Middle fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 50% ~ 99.99%,
The oxygen concentration of oxygen rich gas is 50% ~ 99.99%.
Improving further, the earth of positive pole per ton consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 5m3 ~ 100m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning.
Improve further, described step 3）In, select amount of oxidation to be 20% ~ 35%, moisture content be 15% ~ 25% the earth of positive pole,
Allocate the nut coke that mass fraction is 0.2% ~ 0.5% into.
Improve further, described step 4）In, when a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open precious metals containing lead stove top
Burner heats, and observes situation in stove, if windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still there being heap
Material or windrow situation are more serious, then increase burner fuel quantity or reduce feeding coal.
Improving further, slag is maintained at 850 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C in precipitation process.
Improving further, heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 75 ° ~ 90 °.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：
1. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of the present invention a kind of bottom heat supply, fuel gas feeds from bottom of furnace body, compared with upper table
Face burner heat supply, thermal loss is low, and heat utilization efficiency is high, saves fuel, and to use in terms of natural gas, the earth of positive pole per ton can be saved natural
Gas about 30m3；
2. oxygen-enriched bottom-blowing melting technique equipment therefor only need to be increased heat gun by tradition by the present invention in bottom, it is not necessary to carry out
Extensive investment, reduces cost of investment；
3. high-temperature flue gas amount is little：Reduction due to amount of consumed gas so that exhaust gas volumn also reduces accordingly.Simultaneously as heating spray
The heat major part that in rifle, gas fuel burning produces is absorbed by molten bath, and flue-gas temperature also reduces accordingly；
4. treating capacity is big：The method providing according to the present invention, in-furnace temperature can quickly improve, and it is smelted speed and is greatly improved,
Its disposal ability of identical device is greatly improved.
The earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply that the present invention provides has that operating efficiency is high, saves fuel,
Cost of investment is low, the advantage that pollution is little and treating capacity is big to environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1, the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply, comprise the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；Heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 75 ° ~ 90 °；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns burner down according to material melting situation in stove simultaneously, if fusing effect is preferable, it is also possible to close and burn
Mouth；In the process, fuel gas and oxygen reaction produce heat（Burning）, dioxygen oxidation precious metals containing lead produces heat, heat gun
Metal in winding-up molten bath, region；Gas Stirring molten bath in heat gun, the high-temperature metal in winding-up region moves to surrounding, promotes
The transmission of heat；Wherein fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 50% ~ 99.99%, oxygen rich gas
Oxygen concentration is 50% ~ 99.99%；The earth of positive pole per ton consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 5m3 ~ 100m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 0% ~ 5% into,
Stirring, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 0.5mm ~ 20mm；Select amount of oxidation to be 20% ~ 35%, moisture content
It is the earth of positive pole of 15% ~ 25%, allocate the nut coke that mass fraction is 0.2 ~ 0.5% into；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；When a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open the burner heating on precious metals containing lead stove top, and observe situation in stove,
If windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still having windrow or windrow situation more serious, then increase
Add burner fuel quantity or reduce feeding coal；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 100mm-150mm when, stop charging, protect
Holding slag temperature and precipitating 0.1h ~ 2h at 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when in molten bath
Precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater center line, when 800mm-1000mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.Slag is in precipitation process
In be maintained at 850 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C.
Embodiment 2, the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply, comprise the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；Heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 75 °；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns burner down according to material melting situation in stove simultaneously, if fusing effect is preferable, it is also possible to close and burn
Mouth, in the process, fuel gas produces heat with oxygen reaction（Burning）, dioxygen oxidation precious metals containing lead produces heat, heat gun
Metal in winding-up molten bath, region；Gas Stirring molten bath in heat gun, the high-temperature metal in winding-up region moves to surrounding, promotes
The transmission of heat；Wherein fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 50%, and the oxygen of oxygen rich gas is dense
Degree is 50%；The earth of positive pole per ton consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 5m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 0% ~ 5% into,
Stirring, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 0.5mm；Amount of oxidation is selected to be the sun that the 20%th, moisture content is 15%
Pole mud, allocates the nut coke that mass fraction is 0.2% into；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；When a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open the burner heating on precious metals containing lead stove top, and observe situation in stove,
If windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still having windrow or windrow situation more serious, then increase
Add burner fuel quantity or reduce feeding coal；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 100mm when, stop charging, keep slag temperature
Precipitating 0.1h at 600 DEG C DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when the precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater in molten bath
Center line, when 800mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.Slag is maintained at 850 DEG C in precipitation process.
Embodiment 3, the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply, comprise the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；Heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 90 °；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns burner down according to material melting situation in stove simultaneously, if fusing effect is preferable, it is also possible to close and burn
Mouth, in the process, fuel gas produces heat with oxygen reaction（Burning）, dioxygen oxidation precious metals containing lead produces heat, heat gun
Metal in winding-up molten bath, region；Gas Stirring molten bath in heat gun, the high-temperature metal in winding-up region moves to surrounding, promotes
The transmission of heat；Wherein fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 99.99%, the oxygen of oxygen rich gas
Concentration is 99.99%；The earth of positive pole per ton consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 100m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 5% into, stir
Mixing uniformly, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 20mm；Amount of oxidation is selected to be the anode that the 35%th, moisture content is 25%
Mud, allocates the nut coke that mass fraction is 0.5% into；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；When a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open the burner heating on precious metals containing lead stove top, and observe situation in stove,
If windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still having windrow or windrow situation more serious, then increase
Add burner fuel quantity or reduce feeding coal；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 150mm when, stop charging, keep slag temperature
Precipitating 2h at 1200 DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when in the precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater in molten bath
Heart line, when 1000mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.Slag is maintained at 1000 DEG C in precipitation process.
The earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of embodiment 4 one kinds bottom heat supply, comprises the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；Heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 80 °；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns burner down according to material melting situation in stove simultaneously, if fusing effect is preferable, it is also possible to close and burn
Mouth, in the process, fuel gas produces heat with oxygen reaction（Burning）, dioxygen oxidation precious metals containing lead produces heat, heat gun
Metal in winding-up molten bath, region；Gas Stirring molten bath in heat gun, the high-temperature metal in winding-up region moves to surrounding, promotes
The transmission of heat；Wherein fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 70%, and the oxygen of oxygen rich gas is dense
Degree is 70%；The earth of positive pole per ton consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 50m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 3% into, stir
Mixing uniformly, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 12mm；Amount of oxidation is selected to be the anode that the 30%th, moisture content is 20%
Mud, allocates the nut coke that mass fraction is 0.25% into；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；When a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open the burner heating on precious metals containing lead stove top, and observe situation in stove,
If windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still having windrow or windrow situation more serious, then increase
Add burner fuel quantity or reduce feeding coal；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 125mm when, stop charging, keep slag temperature
Precipitating 1.5h at 800 DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when in the precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater in molten bath
Heart line, when 900mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.Slag is maintained at 900 DEG C in precipitation process.
By above detailed description of the invention it can be seen that the earth of positive pole reduction melting of a kind of bottom heat supply that provides of the present invention
Method has that operating efficiency is high, saves fuel, cost of investment is low, pollute little and that treating capacity is big advantage to environment.
Claims (7)
1. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a bottom heat supply, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step 1）, heat gun arrange；Arranging heat gun at precious metals containing lead furnace bottom, described heat gun has dual independent gas
Source channels；
Step 2）, make molten bath；When first time blow-on, after baker terminates, keep furnace temperature at 800 DEG C-1200 DEG C, open precious metals containing lead stove
The burner on top, then adds required refining slag and end lead in precious metals containing lead stove, after lead all melts the end of until, forms molten bath, then
Heated to fuel gas required for melting and oxygen rich gas spray gun spray gun is passed through precious metals containing lead stove, and lighting heat gun is that molten bath is melted
Compound material provides heat, turns down simultaneously or closes burner；
Step 3）, the earth of positive pole preparation；According to earth of positive pole oxidization condition, the earth of positive pole will be allocated the nut coke that mass fraction is 0% ~ 5% into,
Stirring, forming earth of positive pole dispensing, described nut coke granularity is 0.5mm ~ 20mm；
Step 4）, by step 3）Described in earth of positive pole dispensing and earth of positive pole refining process in produce cigarette ash mixing after add continuously
Enter in molten bath；
Step 5）, when in molten bath slag be stacked into distance precious metals containing lead furnace body center line at 100mm-150mm when, stop charging, protect
Holding slag temperature and precipitating 0.1h ~ 2h at 600 DEG C ~ 1200 DEG C, the slag containing low gold and silver of output is released by cinder notch, when in molten bath
Precious metals containing lead layer distance body of heater center line, when 800mm-1000mm, is put into point silver stove precious metals containing lead and is continued melting.
2. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2）In
Fuel gas is natural gas, artificial coal gas, coal bed gas, and concentration is 50% ~ 99.99%, the oxygen concentration of oxygen rich gas is 50% ~
99.99%.
3. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that anode per ton
Mud consumes oxygen rich air scale of construction 5m3 ~ 100m3 more than combustion-supporting theoretical amount during burning.
4. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
3）In, select amount of oxidation to be 20% ~ 35%, moisture content be 15% ~ 25% the earth of positive pole, allocate Jiao that mass fraction is 0.2 ~ 0.5% into
Fourth.
5. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step
Rapid 4）In, when a large amount of windrow occurs in molten bath, need to open the burner heating on precious metals containing lead stove top, and observe situation in stove, if
Windrow situation disappears, it is possible to decrease fuel quantity or closedown burner in burner；If still having windrow or windrow situation more serious, then increase
Burner fuel quantity or reduction feeding coal.
6. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to claim 1, it is characterised in that slag is sinking
It is maintained at 850 DEG C ~ 1000 DEG C during shallow lake.
7. the earth of positive pole method for smelting reduction of Ni of a kind of bottom heat supply according to any one of claim 1 to 6, its feature exists
In heat gun center line and precious metals containing lead stove upper surface angle are 75 ° ~ 90 °.
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| CN201610711395.5A CN106435211A (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2016-08-24 | Bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method |
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| CN201610711395.5A CN106435211A (en) | 2016-08-24 | 2016-08-24 | Bottom-heating anode slime reduction smelting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107460340A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-12 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | A kind of quick blow-in method of copper bottom-blown smelting stove |
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| CN101086038A (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2007-12-12 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | Direct lead smelting method in molten pool and its device |
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| CN107460340A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-12 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | A kind of quick blow-in method of copper bottom-blown smelting stove |
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