CN109852817A - A kind of oxidation furnace being enriched with electrum - Google Patents
A kind of oxidation furnace being enriched with electrum Download PDFInfo
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- CN109852817A CN109852817A CN201910086604.5A CN201910086604A CN109852817A CN 109852817 A CN109852817 A CN 109852817A CN 201910086604 A CN201910086604 A CN 201910086604A CN 109852817 A CN109852817 A CN 109852817A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of oxidation furnaces for being enriched with electrum, including the tunnel furnace body as constructed by furnace wall, furnace roof and furnace bottom；It is furnace cavity above tunnel furnace interior；It is equipped with cement cupola well, cupola well seat and movable siege below furnace cavity, walks on the track that the running wheel of movable siege is laid in furnace bottom, moves cement cupola well cylinder body relative to furnace cavity；The feature that the present invention has the replacement that treating capacity is big, low energy consumption, facilitates cupola well cylinder body, cement cupola well hard, not easy to crack.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nonferrous metallurgy melting technique fields, and in particular to a kind of oxidation furnace for being enriched with electrum；Mainly
It is enriched with for being purified to electrum noble metal.
Background technique
The alloy containing noble metal obtained after the enriched reduction melting of the materials containing gold and silver such as the earth of positive pole is molten, precious metal alloys
Processing generallys use pyro-refining to purify, and the domestic manufacturing enterprise with scale generally uses oxidation furnace at present.1999 09
The moon 08, Chinese utility model patent Authorization Notice No.: CN2337500Y discloses a kind of lead blast oxidation furnace, including heating
Stove, market pot and blender, a seal closure to socket-connect with market pot, the cover and lead liquid surface surround a confined chamber jointly,
Outside confined chamber, the air blower that air can be blasted in it equipped with one, between stirring arbor and seal closure, equipped with a sealing
Component.Although blender used by the technical solution and seal closure overcome since air-vent and air inlet are all on oxidation pot
Square, the oxygen in gas cannot completely arrive at lead liquid surface, cause production efficiency low, the poor problem of lead oxidizability, but stir
Machine works in the high temperature environment, and service life is very short, causes production cost high；It is also exactly to be stirred machine stirring to raise
Melt oxidation lead liquid, it is easy to gasification volatilization, not only aoxidize lead recovery it is low, also polluted environment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of oxidation furnaces for being enriched with electrum, with treating capacity is big, low energy consumption, automatic
Change horizontal high feature；Using the oxidation furnace, 97.5-99%, Environmental Safety is can be improved in gold and silver direct yield.
A kind of oxidation furnace of enrichment electrum of the invention；Including the tunnel furnace as constructed by furnace wall, furnace roof and furnace bottom
Body；It is furnace cavity above tunnel furnace interior；There is the flue led in furnace cavity in furnace wall side, and flue delivery outlet is through cold
Solidifying system connects dust-precipitator；There is the blast orifice led in furnace cavity in the furnace wall other side, and air blower is connected outside blast orifice；Above-mentioned furnace
Equipped with natural gas burning nozzle on top；Cement cupola well, cupola well seat and movable siege, movable siege are equipped with below above-mentioned furnace cavity
The track that can be laid in the furnace bottom below above-mentioned tunnel furnace interior of running wheel on walk, cement cupola well cylinder body peace
In cupola well seat, cupola well seat is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege, allows cement cupola well cylinder body with respect to furnace cavity
It moves；
The furnace roof and furnace wall are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protects frame high-alumina brick or clay is brick out, the smooth magnesium of frame bottom
It is brick on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege, be packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil thickness
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and cement cupola well cylinder body appearance phase
Matching.
The cement cupola well is circle pot bottom-shape.
The present invention is small-sized tunnel furnace, and furnace wall, furnace roof, furnace bottom and the flue led in furnace cavity are fixed；
And cement cupola well cylinder body, cupola well seat and movable siege are then moveable；Facilitate the replacement of cement cupola well cylinder body；Especially with
Disposable cement cupola well, the lead oxide for penetrating into absorption can recycle, this keeps operation more easy.Productivity effect is significant,
Gold and silver direct yield is increased to 97.5-99%.
Compared with the prior art, for the present invention using the cement cupola well of circle pot bottom-shape, cement is inexpensive common material；Cement
Cupola well is hard, not easy to crack.The present invention greatly reduces the gasification volatilization of melt oxidation lead liquid, actual measurement without using blender
The lead oxide that gaseous volatilization falls only the total lead oxide weight of Zhan 1.5%, reduce environmental pollution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is present invention process flow diagram.
In attached drawing: 1 furnace wall；2 furnace roofs；3 furnace bottoms；4 furnace cavities；5 flues；6 blast orifices；7 burning nozzles；8 cement cupola wells；
9 cupola well seats；10 movable sieges；11 running wheels；12 tracks.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is limited in any way, base
In present invention teach that made any transformation, each falls within the scope of the present invention.
With reference to attached drawing 1
A kind of oxidation furnace being enriched with electrum；Including the tunnel furnace body as constructed by furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2) and furnace bottom (3)；
It is characterized by: being furnace cavity (4) above tunnel furnace interior；There is the cigarette led in furnace cavity (4) in furnace wall (1) side
Road (5), flue delivery outlet connect dust-precipitator through condenser system；There is the blast orifice led in furnace cavity (4) in furnace wall (1) other side
(6), blast orifice (6) connects air blower outside；Equipped with natural gas burning nozzle (7) on above-mentioned furnace roof (2)；Above-mentioned furnace cavity (4)
Lower section is equipped with cement cupola well (8), cupola well seat (9) and movable siege (10), and the running wheel (11) of movable siege can be above-mentioned
It walks on the track (12) being laid in furnace bottom (3) below tunnel furnace interior, cement cupola well (8) cylinder body is mounted on cupola well seat
(9) in, cupola well seat (9) is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), allows cement cupola well (8) cylinder body with respect to burner hearth sky
Between (4) move；
The furnace roof (2) and furnace wall (1) are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat (9) is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protect frame high-alumina brick or clay it is brick go out, frame bottom is with smooth
Magnesia brick is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), is packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil layer
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm of thickness, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and cement cupola well (8) cylinder
External table matches；
The cement cupola well (8) is circle pot bottom-shape.
The portland cement of the cement cupola well 400# or 500#, adds the water for being equivalent to cement weight part 8~12%, stirs
Mix mixing；It is cast on cupola well (8) mold, is pressed into ware with press；The ingredient of the portland cement is CaO containing parts by weight
60~70%, A1 2O34~10%, SiO219~24%, Fe2O32~6%.
The oxidation furnace of the invention patent enrichment electrum is the tunnel furnace for burning natural gas.Furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2), furnace bottom
(3) and flue (5) is fixed.And movable siege (10) and cement cupola well (8) are then moveable.Cement furnace after damage
Cylinder (8) can be replaced.
Use refinement oxide process of the invention:
The thick electrum of vacuum drying oven content 45-55% obtained after separation is placed in cement cupola well (8), 950 DEG C of temperature control-
1100 DEG C of progress refinement oxides, fusion of lead is contacted with the oxygen in air at this time becomes lead oxide, due to the effect of surface tension, greatly
Part PbO is absorbed by porous cement cupola well (8), and fraction vapors away, and gold and silver is not oxidized, stays in cement furnace at graininess
Among cylinder (8).It is called refinement oxide according to the oxidizing semlting process for being higher than metal oxide fusing point in metallurgy, therefore we claim
This separation means is refinement oxide process.
Refinement oxide is the important means that noble metal is separated with lead in metal.In refinement oxide, first by cement cupola well
(8) it is preheated in 800~900 DEG C of high temperature, removes organic matter, moisture, carbon dioxide and the others in cement cupola well (8)
After volatile materials, then the thick electrum of content 45-55% is put on the cement cupola well (8) of red heat.If cement cupola well
(8) preheating time not enough just puts the thick electrum of content 45-55%, then remaining gas evolution, punching in cement cupola well (8)
Broken fusion of lead liquid level dishes out small lead drop, this phenomenon is called " spitting " (spitting).The thick gold and silver of content 45-55% closes
After gold fusing, the surface oxidation by air of fusion of lead forms one layer of lead oxide film.The lead oxide of molten and the table of fusion of lead
Face tension is different, and lead oxide can absorb (the capillary in porous cement cupola well (8) by cement cupola well (8) surface wettability
Effect), the cohesive force of fusion of lead is big, is not absorbed by cement cupola well (8).The lead oxide of melting slides to seep from fusion of lead surface
Enter in cement cupola well (8), expose new surface and be oxidized again, the lead oxide of the molten just generated is inhaled by cement cupola well (8) again
It receives, so constantly repeatedly, until lead, which is fully oxidized to lead oxide, to be absorbed by cement cupola well (8).In the process, only about
1.5% lead oxide is evaporate into air in steam, and 98.5% or so lead oxide is absorbed by cement cupola well (8).Gold and silver not by
Oxidation.After being absorbed at lead oxide by cement cupola well (8) with lead, gold and silver is gradually concentrated, and is finished to this process, gold and silver stays
In cement cupola well (8) recess portion center.Impurity in the thick electrum of content 45-55% is also oxidized during refinement oxide,
The sequencing that they are aoxidized, it is related with the size of the formation heat of various metal oxides and free energy.Zinc, tin, iron, nickel, cobalt,
Arsenic, antimony are before lead oxidation, and successively oxidation in order, wherein zinc is oxidized to zinc oxide at first, and tin takes second place ....After lead oxidation,
It is bismuth, copper, tellurium oxidation.The oxide that these impurity are generated in refinement oxide, some escape (such as As at gas2O3、Sb2O3),
Some oxides can be dissolved in lead oxide (such as copper oxide), be removed as lead oxide is also absorbed into cement cupola well (8)
It goes.
During refinement oxide, gold and silver is not only separated with lead, while can also close the thick gold and silver for entering content 45-55%
Impurity in gold removes.Therefore the purer refinement oxide process time of gold and silver particle that finally obtains is shorter, about with 0.8~
The speed of 1.0g/min carries out, fast and convenient, the good separation of refinement oxide means, and direct yield is high.This is other oxidations
Refine unexistent advantage.Refinement oxide process can be divided into three phases: the loading of the thick electrum of content 45-55% and
Fusing；The oxidation and absorption of the thick electrum of content 45-55%；Dazzle color and flash of light；
(1) it melts and peels
The thick electrum of content 45-55% is put into the cement cupola well (8) for preheating 30min at 900 DEG C, fire door is closed, if
Cement cupola well (8) has been fully warmed-up, then the thick electrum of content 45-55% should melt immediately.Originally have on surface one layer it is black dull
The dross of color, if in-furnace temperature is suitable, by 10~20min black scum i.e. disappear, fusion of lead start it is shinny, between a moment then
The fusion of lead surface of radiance is presented, this phenomenon is called decortication.If delaying 20~30min to peel not yet, it may be possible to high
The too low perhaps cement cupola well (8) of the temperature of warm furnace is not fully warmed-up or furnace atmosphere is strong oxidizing property, or because
There are the impurity such as a large amount of tin, nickel in the thick electrum of content 45-55%.The oxide ester mp of tin, nickel is very high, is covered on
On the surface of fusion of lead.If impurity is too many in the thick electrum of content 45-55%, temperature oxidation refining only is being increased, but
The loss of gold, silver increases in this way.If the thick electrum of content 45-55% is purer, only because furnace temperature is too low, then a small amount of go back is added
Lead oxide can be reduced into metallic lead by the reducing atmosphere that former furnace generates, and the thick electrum of content 45-55% is promoted to peel；
(2) it aoxidizes and absorbs
Air is allowed to enter burner hearth after decortication, furnace temperature can be reduced to 950 DEG C, and the temperature of the temperature of fusion of lead relatively surrounding has aobvious at this time
The raising of work, this is because caused by lead is oxidized and generates heat, thus fusion of lead surface is shinny.The lead oxide water leaking-in melted
In mud cupola well (8), fraction lead oxide is fallen in gaseous volatilization, is risen as cigarette by cement cupola well (8).Due to lead oxide quilt
Cement cupola well (8) absorbs, and an annulus occurs around cement cupola well (8), position is just on fusion of lead.If annulus
It is shiny red, indicates that refinement oxide temperature is too high.If refinement oxide temperature is too low, the temperature on fusion of lead surface is lower than oxidation
When the fusing point of lead, the lead oxide of melting can solidify completely, encase fusion of lead, because having completely cut off air, so fusion of lead is no longer by oxygen
Change, refinement oxide also stops carrying out, and this phenomenon, which is called, to be freezed.Freezeout frequently occurs in the later period of refinement oxide, because
At this moment lead is seldom, and the heat that lead is oxidized generation is compared with early period, has greatly reduced, and the temperature in fusion of lead is reducing.
If at this moment furnace temperature does not increase, many cold airs enter in furnace, it is easy to freeze.After freezing, if again furnace temperature liter
Temperature when height restarts to refinement oxide, resulting analysis result is often because temperature is too high and relatively low.Remedial measure be by
Frozen cement cupola well (8) takes out, and adds several grams of sheet leads at once, is reentered into the refining of furnace internal oxidition；
(3) color and flash of light are dazzled
Temperature must be increased before refinement oxide process will terminate.Because at this moment the surface of fusion of lead greatly reduces, oxidation
Generated scorching hot amount also accordingly reduces, and because the ratio of gold and silver increases in lead, and alloy is more difficult as fusion of lead is reduced
It melts.In order to eliminate last drop lead, last temperature should reach 1100 DEG C, but also not be too high, and will cause like that
The loss of gold and silver increases.The ingredient of silver is higher, in rotation phenomenon and has continuous color like rainbow, this phenomenon is known as dazzling color.It dazzles
As long as color only lasts for several seconds, after color disappears, particle, that is, dimmed, finally glittering is primary brilliant on particle after clock every few seconds, this
It is the radiance released because of the latent heat of fusion in particle and occurred again suddenly, this phenomenon is referred to as to glisten.There is phosphere
It indicates that refinement oxide came to an end already, silver thick in cement cupola well (8) can be taken out.
Influence the factor of refinement oxide.
(1) temperature of refinement oxide
Influence of the temperature to refinement oxide be it is very big, should generally control at 950 DEG C -1100 DEG C, jelly can be generated as temperature is too low
Knot, temperature is too high and loss of gold and silver during refinement oxide is caused to increase.It is, in general, that gold and silver be it is dysoxidizable, still
As the temperature rises, the degree of oxidation of gold and silver is also increasing.After gold and silver oxidation, oxide is absorbed into cement furnace with lead oxide
In cylinder (8), or it is scattered in cement cupola well (8) surface, this is the principal element of gold and silver loss, and amount accounts for about total loss
90%.Another reason is that the evaporation of gold and silver at high temperature increases with temperature and increased.
The degree that gold and silver loses during entire refinement oxide is different.Very little is lost when beginning, with oxidation
The progress of refining, lead amount gradually decrease, and correspondingly concentration of the gold, silver in lead increases, and the loss of gold, silver is special also with increasing
Not refinement oxide close at the end of, the largest loss.
(2) influence in the presence of base metal to refinement oxide loss
In alloy melting, other than noble metal enters the thick electrum of content 45-55%, there are also it is some easily be reduced or
The element such as copper being easily soluble in lead, bismuth, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, antimony, nickel etc. can also enter in the thick electrum of content 45-55%.This
After a little base metals enter the thick electrum of content 45-55%, the thick electrum of content 45-55% is hardened, when hammering easy breach.
Not only change the physical property of the thick electrum of content 45-55%, can also oxidizing refining bring difficulty, and your gold made
The loss of category increases；
Copper copper is entered in the thick electrum of content 45-55% with different degree, and copper is oxidized to copper oxide, oxygen when refinement oxide
Change copper to be readily dissolved in lead oxide, it is absorbed in cement cupola well (8) together with lead oxide.Copper enters the thick of content 45-55%
After electrum, the surface tension of fusion of lead can be made to reduce, increase loss of the gold, silver in refinement oxide.As content 45-55%
Thick electrum in copper when reaching 8.0%, the loss of gold, silver is significantly increased, especially the loss of gold is influenced more aobvious
It writes.When amount of copper is up to 10.0%, refinement oxide just not can be carried out；
Solubility very little of the nickel nickel oxide in lead oxide, when there are shapes when a small amount of nickel in the thick electrum of content 45-55%
At the dross of dirty-green, a part stays in cement cupola well (8) top, and another part enters in cement cupola well (8), cement cupola well
(8) slightly in green on.When in the thick electrum of content 45-55% it is nickeliferous 0.1% or more when, nickel oxide covers entire fusion of lead
Surface, make refinement oxide stop carry out；
Antimony antimony and lead can be mutually dissolved in liquid, thus may contain a large amount of antimony in the thick electrum of content 45-55%.?
When refinement oxide starts, it initially releases the dense smoke of Sb2O3, content 45-55% thick electrum containing antimony be no less than 1% when
It waits, generates the slag of yellow.This slag is made of the oxide of lead and antimony, and a part floats on the surface of fusion of lead,
A part is penetrated into cement cupola well (8).Volume expansion when this slag solidifies.As in the presence of a large amount of antimony, meeting is because of this expansion
And cement cupola well (8) is made to burst apart, incur lead liquid stream and falls.Even if a small amount of antimony there are cement cupola well (8) can be made slightly to be cracked, and
It leaves yellow dross and is formed by special burr；
The property of arsenic arsenic is similar with antimony, but arsenic is not easily accessed in the thick electrum of content 45-55%, and in oxidation essence
When refining temperature, the vapour pressure of As2O3 is much higher compared with Sb2O3, volatile removing.Due to the two factors, arsenic and lead oxides
The dross of composition is not allowed easily generated；
Iron iron is the thick electrum that will not enter content 45-55%.External a small amount of iron oxide are dissolved in lead oxide, in water
The spot of kermesinus is left on mud cupola well (8)；
Under conditions of metal, the tin in sample is not easy to be reduced into metal tin, but because tin is soluble in lead, so a part of
Tin can enter in the thick electrum of content 45-55%.In refinement oxide, the tin in the thick electrum of content 45-55% is very
Fast is oxidized to SnO2.When Theil indices are greater than 10.0%, the yellow dross that will form one layer of insoluble lead stannate covers melting
Lead surface, stops refinement oxide；
Bismuth bismuth is easily accessible in the thick electrum of content 45-55%, and the bismuth in the thick electrum of content 45-55% exists
Be when refinement oxide after not oxidizable, all lead is all oxidized, bismuth still together with particle, to the last just aoxidize and by
Cement cupola well (8) absorbs.An orange-yellow ring is formed around particle.When the bismuth in the thick electrum of content 45-55% exists
What 0.8% hereinafter, influence without；When more than 0.8%, the loss of gold, silver increases as bi content increases, and main loss is in water
In mud cupola well (8)；
Tellurium selen-tellurjum selenium has very strong affinity to gold, silver, causes biggish damage to gold, silver during melting and refinement oxide
It loses.Tellurium easily enters in the thick electrum of content 45-55%, and when refinement oxide is not oxidizable, is not easy to blow off when measuring more.Work as sample
The total amount of middle tellurium selenium is 0.6% hereinafter, melting and refinement oxide during does not influence the loss of gold, silver significantly.When tellurium selenium
When measuring more, tellurium can be remained in the gold and silver particle after refinement oxide.When in the thick electrum of content 45-55% selenium containing tellurium up to 3.5%
When, refinement oxide not can be carried out.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of oxidation furnace for being enriched with electrum；Including the tunnel furnace as constructed by furnace wall (1), furnace roof (2) and furnace bottom (3)
Body；It is characterized by: being furnace cavity (4) above tunnel furnace interior；Furnace wall (1) side, which has, to be led in furnace cavity (4)
Flue (5), flue delivery outlet connects dust-precipitator through condenser system；There is the drum led in furnace cavity (4) in furnace wall (1) other side
Air port (6), blast orifice (6) connect air blower outside；Equipped with natural gas burning nozzle (7) on above-mentioned furnace roof (2)；Above-mentioned furnace cavity
(4) lower section is equipped with cement cupola well (8), cupola well seat (9) and movable siege (10), and the running wheel (11) of movable siege can be upper
It states and walks on the track (12) being laid in the furnace bottom (3) below tunnel furnace interior, cement cupola well (8) cylinder body is mounted on cupola well
In seat (9), cupola well seat (9) is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), allows cement cupola well (8) cylinder body with respect to burner hearth
It moves in space (4)；
The furnace roof (2) and furnace wall (1) are built into clay refractory brick；
The cupola well seat (9) is made of shield frame and frame bottom, protect frame high-alumina brick or clay it is brick go out, frame bottom is with smooth
Magnesia brick is built on the steel plate bed surface of movable siege (10), is packed into the loess of 20 mesh of sieving in shield frame bottom, and ramming is at soil layer
The pot type pit foundation of 200~300mm of thickness, pot type pit foundation depth are 100~200mm, size and cement cupola well (8) cylinder
External table matches；
The cement cupola well (8) is circle pot bottom-shape.
2. a kind of oxidation furnace for being enriched with electrum according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cement cupola well (8)
With the portland cement of 400# or 500#, adds the water for being equivalent to cement weight part 8~12%, stir and evenly mix；It is cast in cupola well mould
On tool, ware is pressed into press；The ingredient of the portland cement is CaO containing parts by weight 60~70%, A1 2O34~10%,
SiO219~24%, Fe2O32~6%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910086604.5A CN109852817A (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | A kind of oxidation furnace being enriched with electrum |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910086604.5A CN109852817A (en) | 2019-01-29 | 2019-01-29 | A kind of oxidation furnace being enriched with electrum |
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ID=66896746
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109652656A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 郴州雄风环保科技有限公司 | A kind of precious metal alloys purification process of enriching and refinement oxide furnace |
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| CN201581120U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-09-15 | 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 | Silver smelting furnace |
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| CN109652656A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 郴州雄风环保科技有限公司 | A kind of precious metal alloys purification process of enriching and refinement oxide furnace |
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