CN116409996B - 一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116409996B CN116409996B CN202211694831.4A CN202211694831A CN116409996B CN 116409996 B CN116409996 B CN 116409996B CN 202211694831 A CN202211694831 A CN 202211694831A CN 116409996 B CN116409996 B CN 116409996B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic
- preparing
- boron carbide
- skeleton
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical group B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OMEMQVZNTDHENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNC OMEMQVZNTDHENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NIAGUSHJWAMKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 NIAGUSHJWAMKBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013012 foaming technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004761 kevlar Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001272 pressureless sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/563—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on boron carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/005—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/045—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
- B32B9/04—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B9/047—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/0615—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances the burned-out substance being a monolitic element having approximately the same dimensions as the final article, e.g. a porous polyurethane sheet or a prepreg obtained by bonding together resin particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
- C04B41/90—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
- F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
- B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3826—Silicon carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
- C04B2235/422—Carbon
- C04B2235/425—Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5284—Hollow fibers, e.g. nanotubes
- C04B2235/5288—Carbon nanotubes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6562—Heating rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
本发明提供一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,通过陶瓷骨架的制备;金属熔液预处理:真空无压渗透以及包裹柔性材料,解决了目前碳化硼骨架陶瓷出现的固含量不足,进而克服了骨架强度较弱的问题,再通过改变碳化硼浆料配比,并做烧损补偿的方式对骨架进行优化,较传统热压碳化硼陶瓷密度下降约19%,解决了防护轻量化的问题;采用聚氨酯泡沫技术,做成多孔陶瓷骨架的方式,大大增强了金属熔液的渗透均匀几率;断裂韧性大幅度提高69%,外层约束柔性凯夫拉,进一步缓解应力波的深度传导;较同等厚度的碳化硼热压陶瓷,依据本发明工艺制备的产品,其质量更轻,造价更低,防护效果更优;整体防弹复合陶瓷较传统热压碳化硼陶瓷成本下降约60%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防弹陶瓷复合材料技术领域,尤其是一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法。
背景技术
碳化硼分子式B4C,俗称黑钻石,自20世纪60年代以来,碳化硼陶瓷被广泛应用于单兵防护等领域,虽然碳化硼具有高硬、高强以及耐腐蚀等优良特性,可较低的断裂韧性和较高的造价都限制了其发展。
目前,制造碳化硼陶瓷防护材料的生产工艺主要有两种方式:无压烧结和热压烧结两大类;经无压烧结工艺制造的成品,密度小、综合指标差,防护性能低,较难满足防弹需求;热压烧结的方式虽能提供较高密度,但是过高的密度导致韧性等综合指标较差,无法制造成复杂形状,且热压成本高昂,推广困难。
现有技术,大多是通过加入低熔点的金属或金属氧化物的方式,增加碳化硼陶瓷的韧性,例如专利号为:200810010121.9的一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法,通过增加金属氧化物粉末,采用模压成型,无压预烧得到密实板(多孔预烧体),结合真空条件下的熔渗金属铝的方式,提高断裂韧性;但该方式生产的复合陶瓷,密度较大,导致成品重量重,增加装备负重,且同样的防护要求下,该技术的生产制造成本较高,且由于密实板无法达到多孔要求,故而其综合防护效果也较低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,解决了目前碳化硼骨架陶瓷出现的固含量不足,进而克服骨架强度较弱的问题,再通过改变碳化硼浆料配比,并做烧损补偿的方式对骨架进行优化,通过改进碳化硼骨架制作工艺,结合金属熔液的负压嫆渗,并复合外层柔性材料,获得兼具金属及非金属特性的复合材料。
一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、陶瓷骨架的制备;
所述陶瓷骨架的制备包括:无模具制备工艺和有模具制备工艺;
无模具制备工艺:
①预制碳化硼骨架浆料:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:1%~2%;
粘结剂:0.18~0.35%;
NaOH改性剂:2%~5%;
附着力促进剂:2.5%~3.8%;
纤维素:0.5%~1.5%;
烧结助剂:2%~7%;
作为一种举例说明,所述附着力促进剂采用:ADP-S472。
作为一种举例说明,所述烧结助剂采用:碳纳米管、石墨烯或SIC中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,根据增益手段不同,可适当调整上述各组分的添加量。
将上述组分全部加入球磨机进行研磨操作,转速设定为:150~200r/min,研磨完毕后,过筛后备用,此时浆料整体粘度涂-4杯示数约20s;
作为一种举例说明,所述球磨机采用氧化锆研磨球。
作为一种举例说明,所述氧化锆研磨球选用直径为:6mm、8mm和10mm三种规格的研磨球。
作为一种举例说明,所述三种规格的研磨球(6mm、8mm和10mm)加入重量比设定为:1:(1.8~2.2):(0.9~1.1)。
②前处理及碳化硼骨架浆料浸渗:
首先,选用孔隙率为 10/20/30 PPI的聚氨酯泡沫,并对其进行丙酮+纯水清洁;
其次,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行表面改性操作;
最后,将聚氨酯泡沫通过双轴促渗装置与碳化硼骨架浆料充分混合,并反复浸透5~10次;
作为一种举例说明,所述表面改性操作是指:配置5%~10%的硅烷偶联剂溶液,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行硅烷偶联剂表面改性,保证二者完全接触达24h以上。
作为一种举例说明,采用聚氨酯泡沫,并进行相应的改性和促渗操作,大大增加了陶瓷骨架后期的多孔特性,较现有技术的真空烧结产生的孔隙更多,更均匀。
③陶瓷骨架的烧结;
采用梯度烧结方式,设置烧结梯度200℃、700℃以及1500℃,三个节点均设置保温15min~30min操作,其余温度范围无保温环节。
作为一种举例说明,为了保证梯度烧结方式达到最优骨架陶瓷,设置升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min。
有模具制备工艺:
①碳化硼骨架浆料的制备:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:0.5%~1%;
发泡剂:1.4%~8%;
碳烧蚀补损剂:2.5~10%;
尿醛树脂助发泡剂:0.15%~0.3%;
稳泡剂:0.2%~0.5%;
上述组分混合后,发酵24h~48h;
作为一种举例说明,所述发泡剂为:聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、尿素改良脲甲醛树脂、环氧丙烷-醋酸酐共聚物或三聚氰胺甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,所述稳泡剂为:十二烷基甲基氧化胺或烷基醇酰胺中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,根据发泡原理以及孔隙率的要求,可适当调整上述各组分的添加量。
②模具的制备及处理:
采用内腔尺寸为120mm*120mm*150mm模具,模具材料选择三高石墨,内腔涂覆氮化硼润滑剂;
作为一种举例说明,所述模具还可以选择其他内腔尺寸的模具。
③陶瓷骨架的发泡烧结:
采用前后两端式发泡烧结工艺:
前段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到450℃,保温60min~80min;升温速率1℃~2℃/min;
后段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到1500℃,保温15min~30min;升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min;
为了更好的说明无模具制备工艺和有模具制备工艺所产生的两种陶瓷骨架的区别,现通过两种陶瓷骨架的性能对比表示如下:详见表1所示(A无模具制备工艺、B有模具制备工艺);
作为一种举例说明,所述无模具制备工艺和有模具制备工艺两种工艺方式都可以用于生产任何形状的陶瓷骨架。
步骤二、金属熔液预处理:
为了实现绿色环保,金属原料采用废旧铝合金门窗及钛加工切割废料;
首先,根据不同的金属利用电弧炉进行二次除杂精炼,主要针对O、H两种元素;
其次,并选用Nacl—Kcl联合除杂剂精准除气;
然后,再利用RJ-5或XRJ-2中的一种或两种进行粗除杂操作;
最后,加入适量清渣剂降低表面张力;
作为一种举例说明,所述Nacl—Kcl联合除杂剂的含量比为:20~50:50~80。
步骤三、真空无压渗透:
首先,取2%~3%wt多壁碳纳米管溶液,管径5~15nm,充分浸泡陶瓷骨架后,真空烘干;
其次,将真空烘干后的陶瓷骨架置于坩埚中,将完成步骤二操作后的金属熔液沿坩埚内壁倒入,使得金属熔液与陶瓷骨架充分结合;
然后,放置于真空烧结炉中,真空度大于1pa,同时真空炉体以15~20℃/min的速率加热至600℃,保温20~60min,随炉冷却。
最后,得到被渗透金属熔液的陶瓷骨架,即复合陶瓷。
作为一种举例说明,所述坩埚为石墨坩埚。
步骤四、包裹柔性材料:
首先,选用斜纹接结双层芳纶的柔性材料,裁剪出较复合陶瓷迎弹面四周长出1~1.5倍宽度的柔性材料;
其次,将所述复合陶瓷通过超声清水洗涤6~8h,并用乙酰丙酮酸及氢氧化钠进行乳化洗涤;
然后,采用所述柔性材料对复合陶瓷进行双面包裹;
最后,选用热塑性粘结剂,将完成双面包裹的复合陶瓷封入网点聚乙烯真空袋中进行热压复合后,维持一定时间的保温保压。
作为一种举例说明,所述热压复合的温度为:80℃~120℃,热压复合的压力为:1~3兆帕。
作为一种举例说明,所述一定时间是指:2~4h。
作为一种举例说明,所述热塑性粘结剂为:乙酸乙酯类水性胶粘剂、聚乙烯醇类胶粘剂或聚氨酯类水性胶粘剂中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,所述热塑性粘结剂的涂覆厚度优选:0.1~0.5mm。
①本专利通过两种方式改进的碳化硼骨架制作工艺,再通过除杂的废弃金属熔液的负压熔渗,并复合外层柔性材料,获得兼具金属及非金属特性的复合材料;本发明制造的复合陶瓷较传统热压碳化硼陶瓷密度下降约19%,解决了防护轻量化的问题。
②该复合材料突破了传统陶瓷骨架材料的制作方法,明显的改善了传统陶瓷的使用短板,采用聚氨酯泡沫技术,做成多孔陶瓷骨架的方式,大大增强了金属熔液的渗透均匀几率;断裂韧性大幅度提高69%,此举是依托于金属渗透后的高延展性。
③外层约束柔性凯夫拉,进一步缓解应力波的深度传导。
④较同等厚度的碳化硼热压陶瓷,依据本发明工艺制备的产品,其质量更轻,造价更低,防护效果更优;整体防弹复合陶瓷较传统热压碳化硼陶瓷成本下降约60%。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法之工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行详细说明。
参照图1所示,一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,包括:
步骤一、陶瓷骨架的制备101;
所述陶瓷骨架的制备包括:无模具制备工艺和有模具制备工艺;
无模具制备工艺:
①预制碳化硼骨架浆料:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:1%~2%;
粘结剂:0.18~0.35%;
NaOH改性剂:2%~5%;
附着力促进剂:2.5%~3.8%;
纤维素:0.5%~1.5%;
烧结助剂:2%~7%;
作为一种举例说明,所述附着力促进剂采用:ADP-S472。
作为一种举例说明,所述烧结助剂采用:碳纳米管、石墨烯或SIC中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,根据增益手段不同,可适当调整上述各组分的添加量。
将上述组分全部加入球磨机进行研磨操作,转速设定为:150~200r/min,研磨完毕后,过筛后备用,此时浆料整体粘度涂-4杯示数约20s;
作为一种举例说明,所述球磨机采用氧化锆研磨球。
作为一种举例说明,所述氧化锆研磨球选用直径为:6mm、8mm和10mm三种规格的研磨球。
作为一种举例说明,所述三种规格的研磨球(6mm、8mm和10mm)加入重量比设定为:1:(1.8~2.2):(0.9~1.1)。
②前处理及碳化硼骨架浆料浸渗:
首先,选用孔隙率为 10/20/30 PPI的聚氨酯泡沫,并对其进行丙酮+纯水清洁;
其次,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行表面改性操作;
最后,将聚氨酯泡沫通过双轴促渗装置与碳化硼骨架浆料充分混合,并反复浸透5~10次;
作为一种举例说明,所述表面改性操作是指:配置5%~10%的硅烷偶联剂熔液,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行硅烷偶联剂表面改性,保证二者完全接触达24h以上。
③陶瓷骨架的烧结;
采用梯度烧结方式,设置烧结梯度200℃、700℃以及1500℃,三个节点均设置保温15min~30min操作,其余温度范围无保温环节。
作为一种举例说明,为了保证梯度烧结方式达到最优骨架陶瓷,设置升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min。
有模具制备工艺:
①碳化硼骨架浆料的制备:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:0.5%~1%;
发泡剂:1.4%~8%;
碳烧蚀补损剂:2.5~10%;
尿醛树脂助发泡剂:0.15%~0.3%;
稳泡剂:0.2%~0.5%;
上述组分混合后,发酵24h~48h;
作为一种举例说明,所述发泡剂为:聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、尿素改良脲甲醛树脂、环氧丙烷-醋酸酐共聚物或三聚氰胺甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,所述稳泡剂为:十二烷基甲基氧化胺或烷基醇酰胺中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,根据发泡原理以及孔隙率的要求,可适当调整上述各组分的添加量。
②模具的制备及处理:
采用内腔尺寸为120mm*120mm*150mm模具,模具材料选择三高石墨,内腔涂覆氮化硼润滑剂;
作为一种举例说明,所述模具还可以选择其他内腔尺寸的模具。
③陶瓷骨架的发泡烧结:
采用前后两端式发泡烧结工艺:
前段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到450℃,保温60min~80min;升温速率1℃~2℃/min;
后段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到1500℃,保温15min~30min;升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min;
为了更好的说明无模具制备工艺和有模具制备工艺所产生的两种陶瓷骨架的区别,现通过两种陶瓷骨架的性能对比表示如下:详见表1所示;
步骤二、金属熔液预处理102:
为了实现绿色环保,金属原料采用废旧铝合金门窗及钛加工切割废料;
首先,根据不同的金属利用电弧炉进行二次除杂精炼,主要针对O、H两种元素;
其次,并选用NaCL—KCL联合除杂剂精准除气;
然后,再利用RJ-5或XRJ-2中的一种或两种进行粗除杂操作;
最后,加入适量清渣剂降低表面张力;
作为一种举例说明,所述NaCL—KCL联合除杂剂的含量比为:20~50:50~80。
步骤三、真空无压渗透103:
首先,取2%~3%wt多壁碳纳米管溶液,管径5~15nm,充分浸泡陶瓷骨架后,真空烘干;
其次,将真空烘干后的陶瓷骨架置于坩埚中,将完成步骤二操作后的金属熔液沿坩埚内壁倒入,使得金属熔液与陶瓷骨架充分结合;
然后,放置于真空烧结炉中,真空度大于1pa,同时真空炉体以15~20℃/min的速率加热至600℃,保温20~60min,随炉冷却。
最后,得到被渗透金属熔液的陶瓷骨架,即复合陶瓷。
作为一种举例说明,所述坩埚为石墨坩埚。
步骤四、包裹柔性材料104:
首先,选用斜纹接结双层芳纶的柔性材料,裁剪出较复合陶瓷迎弹面四周长出1~1.5倍宽度的柔性材料;
其次,将所述复合陶瓷通过超声清水洗涤6~8h,并用乙酰丙酮酸及氢氧化钠进行乳化洗涤;
然后,采用所述柔性材料对复合陶瓷进行双面包裹;
最后,选用热塑性粘结剂,将完成双面包裹的复合陶瓷封入网点聚乙烯真空袋中进行热压复合后,维持一定时间的保温保压。
作为一种举例说明,所述热压复合的温度为:80℃~120℃,热压复合的压力为:1~3兆帕。
作为一种举例说明,所述一定时间是指:2~4h。
作为一种举例说明,所述热塑性粘结剂为:乙酸乙酯类水性胶粘剂、聚乙烯醇类胶粘剂或聚氨酯类水性胶粘剂中的一种或组合。
作为一种举例说明,所述热塑性粘结剂的涂覆厚度优选:0.1~0.5mm。
与同等厚度纯碳化硼,碳化硼含量wt90%~98%的陶瓷性能对比,如表2所示,可以看出,在相同规格的条件下,本专利提及到的复合陶瓷较传统热压碳化硼陶瓷质量有所减轻,解决了防护轻量化的问题;另断裂韧性大幅度提高,依托于金属的高延展性,成本下降约60%,同时兼顾高效的防护能力。
为了更好的理解本发明,现通过两个实施例进行解说:
1.预制碳化硼骨架浆料:碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为75%的浆料,其中:
聚羧酸类减水剂添加量为陶瓷粉体重量的1%,粘结剂加入量为0.2%、NaOH改性剂添加量为陶瓷粉体重量的3%,附着力促进剂ADP-S472添加量为3.5%,纤维素添加量为1%,烧结助剂SIC添加量为陶瓷粉体重量的4%不等;配比质量比6mm:8mm:10mm为1: 1.8:0.9的氧化锆磨球进行球磨操作,转速为200r/min, 过筛后备用;浆料整体粘度涂-4杯示数19s。
前处理及浆料浸渗:选用孔隙率为10PPI的聚氨酯泡沫,并对其进行丙酮+纯水清洁,并对其进行硅烷偶联剂表面改性,配置8%的硅烷偶联剂溶液,完全接触24h;将聚氨酯泡沫通过双轴促渗装置与碳化硼浆料充分和混合,反复浸透5次。
陶瓷骨架的烧结:设置烧结梯度200℃、700℃以及1500℃,三个节点分别保温30min,其余时间升温速率10℃/min。
2.金属熔液预处理:金属原料来自于废旧铝合金门窗;利用电弧炉进行二次除杂精炼,主要针对O、H两种元素,选用Nacl—Kcl联合除杂及剂,组分占比3:7精准除气,再利用XRJ-2粗除杂操作,并加入适量清渣剂降低表面张力。
3.真空无压浸渗:取wt3%多壁碳纳米管溶液,管径5nm,,充分浸泡陶瓷骨架后并真空烘干;将烧结后的骨架陶瓷置于石墨坩埚中,将除杂操作后的金属熔液沿坩埚内壁倒入,使得金属熔液与陶瓷骨架充分结合,然后放置于真空烧结炉中,真空度1pa,同时真空炉体以15℃/min速率加热至600℃,保温245min,随炉冷却。
4.柔性材料包裹:选用斜纹接结双层芳纶,裁剪较复合陶瓷迎弹面四周长出1倍宽度的柔性材料,并将该复合陶瓷超声清水洗涤8h,并用乙酰丙酮酸及氢氧化钠进行乳化洗涤,并进行双面包裹。选用热塑性粘结剂即乙酸乙酯类水性胶粘剂、聚乙烯醇类胶粘剂及聚氨酯类水性胶粘剂中的一种或多种,厚度0.3mm,将其封入网点聚乙烯真空袋中进行热压复合,复合温度为120℃,复合压力1.2兆帕,保温保压2h。
实施例
1、碳化硼骨架浆料的制备:发泡浆料制备:碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm固含量为75%,溶剂为纯水;聚羧酸类减水剂添加量为陶瓷粉体重量的0.5%,发泡剂选用尿素改良脲甲醛树脂、环氧丙烷-醋酸酐共聚物复配,添加量为陶瓷粉体的7%,比例为2:3;碳烧蚀补损剂加入10%,另加入尿醛树脂助发泡剂0.15%,稳泡剂十二烷基甲基氧化胺,添加量0.2%。发酵48h。
模具制备及处理:内腔尺寸120mm*120mm*150mm模具,材料选择三高石墨,内腔涂覆氮化硼润滑剂;
发泡烧结:真空氛围下前450℃,升温速率1℃/min,保温60min,以15℃/min速率升温到1500摄氏度,保温30min。
2.金属熔液预处理:金属原料来自于废旧铝合金门窗;利用电弧炉进行二次除杂精炼,主要针对O、H两种元素,选用Nacl—Kcl联合除杂及剂,组分占比3:7精准除气,再利用XRJ-2粗除杂操作,并加入适量清渣剂降低表面张力。
3.真空无压浸渗:取wt3%多壁碳纳米管溶液,管径5nm,,充分浸泡陶瓷骨架并真空烘干。将烧结后的骨架陶瓷置于石墨坩埚中,将除杂操作后的金属熔液沿坩埚内壁倒入,使得金属熔液与陶瓷骨架充分结合,然后放置于真空烧结炉中,真空度1pa,同时真空炉体以15℃/min速率加热至600℃,保温45min,随炉冷却。
4.柔性材料包裹:选用斜纹接结双层芳纶,裁剪较复合陶瓷迎弹面四周长出1倍宽度的柔性材料,并将该复合陶瓷超声清水洗涤8h,并用乙酰丙酮酸及氢氧化钠进行乳化洗涤,并进行双面包裹;选用热塑性粘结剂即乙酸乙酯类水性胶粘剂、聚乙烯醇类胶粘剂及聚氨酯类水性胶粘剂中的一种或多种,厚度0.3mm,将其封入网点聚乙烯真空袋中进行热压复合,复合温度为120℃,复合压力1.2兆帕,保温保压2h。
本专利通过两种方式改进的碳化硼骨架制作工艺,再通过除杂的废弃金属熔液的负压熔渗,并复合外层柔性材料,获得兼具金属及非金属特性的复合材料;
该复合材料突破了传统陶瓷骨架材料的制作方法,明显的改善了传统陶瓷的使用短板,采用聚氨酯泡沫技术,做成多孔陶瓷骨架的方式,大大增强了金属熔液的渗透均匀几率。
外层约束柔性凯夫拉,进一步缓解应力波的深度传导;
较同等厚度的碳化硼热压陶瓷,依据本发明工艺制备的产品,其质量更轻,造价更低,防护效果更优。
以上所述的仅为本发明的优选实施例,所应理解的是,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,并不用于限定本发明的保护范围,凡在本发明的思想和原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换等等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤一、陶瓷骨架的制备;
无模具制备工艺:
①预制碳化硼骨架浆料:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:1%~2%;
粘结剂:0.18~0.35%;
NaOH改性剂:2%~5%;
附着力促进剂:2.5%~3.8%;
纤维素:0.5%~1.5%;
烧结助剂:2%~7%;
将上述组分全部加入球磨机进行研磨操作,转速设定为:150~200r/min,研磨完毕后,过筛后备用,此时浆料整体粘度涂-4杯示数20s;
②前处理及碳化硼骨架浆料浸渗:
首先,选用孔隙率为 10/20/30 PPI的聚氨酯泡沫,并对其进行丙酮+纯水清洁;
其次,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行表面改性操作;
最后,将聚氨酯泡沫通过双轴促渗装置与碳化硼骨架浆料充分混合,并反复浸透5~10次;
③陶瓷骨架的烧结;
采用梯度烧结方式,设置烧结梯度200℃、700℃以及1500℃,三个节点均设置保温15min~30min操作,其余温度范围无保温环节;
步骤二、金属熔液预处理:金属原料采用废旧铝合金门窗及钛加工切割废料;
首先,根据不同的金属利用电弧炉进行二次除杂精炼,主要针对O、H两种元素;
其次,并选用NaCL—KCL联合除杂剂精准除气;
然后,再利用RJ-5或XRJ-2中的一种或两种进行粗除杂操作;
最后,加入适量清渣剂降低表面张力;
步骤三、真空无压渗透:
首先,取2%~3%wt多壁碳纳米管溶液,管径5~15nm,充分浸泡陶瓷骨架后,真空烘干;
其次,将真空烘干后的陶瓷骨架置于坩埚中,将完成步骤二操作后的金属熔液沿坩埚内壁倒入,使得金属熔液与陶瓷骨架充分结合;
然后,放置于真空烧结炉中,真空度大于1pa,同时真空炉体以15~20℃/min的速率加热至600℃,保温20~60min,随炉冷却;
最后,得到被渗透金属熔液的陶瓷骨架,即复合陶瓷;
步骤四、对复合陶瓷包裹柔性材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述陶瓷骨架的制备还包括:有模具制备工艺,包括:
①碳化硼骨架浆料的制备:
选取碳化硼单一粒径D50≤0.5μm,配置固含量为70%~75%的浆料,溶剂为纯水,其中,按陶瓷粉体重量百分比计,还包括:
聚羧酸类减水剂:0.5%~1%;
发泡剂:1.4%~8%;
碳烧蚀补损剂:2.5~10%;
尿醛树脂助发泡剂:0.15%~0.3%;
稳泡剂:0.2%~0.5%;
上述组分混合后,发酵24h~48h;
②模具的制备及处理:
采用内腔尺寸为120mm*120mm*150mm模具,模具材料选择三高石墨,内腔涂覆氮化硼润滑剂;
③陶瓷骨架的发泡烧结:
采用前后两端式发泡烧结工艺:
前段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到450℃,保温60min~80min;升温速率1℃~2℃/min;
后段发泡烧结:
在真空环境下烧制到1500℃,保温15min~30min;升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述包裹柔性材料包括:
首先,选用斜纹接结双层芳纶的柔性材料,裁剪出较复合陶瓷迎弹面四周长出1~1.5倍宽度的柔性材料;
其次,将所述复合陶瓷通过超声清水洗涤6~8h,并用乙酰丙酮酸及氢氧化钠进行乳化洗涤;
然后,采用所述柔性材料对复合陶瓷进行双面包裹;
最后,选用热塑性粘结剂,将完成双面包裹的复合陶瓷封入网点聚乙烯真空袋中进行热压复合后,维持一定时间的保温保压。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述附着力促进剂采用:ADP-S472;
所述烧结助剂采用:碳纳米管、石墨烯或SIC中的一种或组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述球磨机采用氧化锆研磨球;所述氧化锆研磨球选用直径为:6mm、8mm和10mm三种规格的研磨球;所述三种规格的研磨球6mm、8mm和10mm加入重量比设定为:1:1.8~2.2:0.9~1.1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面改性操作是指:配置5%~10%的硅烷偶联剂溶液,对完成清洁操作的聚氨酯泡沫进行硅烷偶联剂表面改性,保证二者完全接触达24h以上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述梯度烧结方式设置升温速率为:10℃~15℃/min。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为:聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、尿素改良脲甲醛树脂、环氧丙烷-醋酸酐共聚物或三聚氰胺甲基丙烯酸酯中的一种或组合;
所述稳泡剂为:十二烷基甲基氧化胺或烷基醇酰胺中的一种或组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述NaCL—KCL联合除杂剂的含量比为:20~50:50~80。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热压复合的温度为:80℃~120℃,热压复合的压力为:1~3兆帕,所述一定时间是指:2~4h。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211694831.4A CN116409996B (zh) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | 一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211694831.4A CN116409996B (zh) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | 一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN116409996A CN116409996A (zh) | 2023-07-11 |
CN116409996B true CN116409996B (zh) | 2024-03-15 |
Family
ID=87048695
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202211694831.4A Active CN116409996B (zh) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | 一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN116409996B (zh) |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5521016A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1996-05-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Light weight boron carbide/aluminum cermets |
JP3096716B1 (ja) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-10-10 | 工業技術院長 | 繊維強化炭化ケイ素複合材の製造方法 |
WO2005079207A2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-09-01 | M Cubed Technologies, Inc. | Boron carbide composite bodies, and methods for making same |
CN101215164A (zh) * | 2008-01-16 | 2008-07-09 | 东北大学 | 一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法 |
CN104876623A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种高强度高气孔率yb4超高温多孔陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN106699185A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 潘云清 | 一种铝合金复合材料 |
AU2020101927A4 (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-10-22 | Weifang Guoke Economic And Trade Co., Ltd | The Method for improving elastic modulus of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
CN113004052A (zh) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 沈阳中钛装备制造有限公司 | 一种多壁碳纳米管增韧碳化硼基陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115406307A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-11-29 | 东华大学 | 一种基于氧化物长丝增强陶瓷复合材料的防弹插板及制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-12-28 CN CN202211694831.4A patent/CN116409996B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5521016A (en) * | 1992-07-17 | 1996-05-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Light weight boron carbide/aluminum cermets |
JP3096716B1 (ja) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-10-10 | 工業技術院長 | 繊維強化炭化ケイ素複合材の製造方法 |
WO2005079207A2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-09-01 | M Cubed Technologies, Inc. | Boron carbide composite bodies, and methods for making same |
CN101215164A (zh) * | 2008-01-16 | 2008-07-09 | 东北大学 | 一种碳化硼复合材料的制备方法 |
CN104876623A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种高强度高气孔率yb4超高温多孔陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN106699185A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-05-24 | 潘云清 | 一种铝合金复合材料 |
AU2020101927A4 (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-10-22 | Weifang Guoke Economic And Trade Co., Ltd | The Method for improving elastic modulus of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
CN113004052A (zh) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-22 | 沈阳中钛装备制造有限公司 | 一种多壁碳纳米管增韧碳化硼基陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115406307A (zh) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-11-29 | 东华大学 | 一种基于氧化物长丝增强陶瓷复合材料的防弹插板及制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN116409996A (zh) | 2023-07-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN106904984B (zh) | 一种SiC短纤维复合材料及复合包壳管及其制备方法 | |
CN110194674B (zh) | 一种碳纤维增韧石英陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN110484795B (zh) | 一种碳化硅基复合防弹陶瓷及其制备工艺 | |
CN106810286B (zh) | 一种氮化硼纤维增强堇青石陶瓷基复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN113292318A (zh) | 一种zta/高铬铸铁复合耐磨材料的制备方法 | |
CN110078516A (zh) | 高体积分数短纤维增强准各向同性SiCf/SiC复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN105541336A (zh) | 一种碳化硼/碳化硅陶瓷整板及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN112194492B (zh) | 氮化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法与应用、防弹插板 | |
CN108546144B (zh) | 一种环保型高强度多孔吸音陶瓷及其制备方法 | |
CN116409996B (zh) | 一种绿色防弹陶瓷的制备方法 | |
CN115594505A (zh) | 一种防弹陶瓷材料及其制备方法 | |
CN110983209A (zh) | 一种高强多孔三维陶瓷基金属复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN106830967B (zh) | 一种耐热高强度炭/陶材料的紧固件及其制备方法 | |
CN111892414A (zh) | 一种短碳纤维增强碳化硼复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114685169A (zh) | 一种基于浆料叠层设计的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN111499386A (zh) | 一种复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法 | |
CN111747752A (zh) | 一种表面改性的反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷及制备工艺 | |
CN111892407B (zh) | 湿纺-浸渍法制备双界面纤维独石硼化锆复合材料 | |
CN114645226B (zh) | 一种单向叠层结构碳纤维增强碳化硅/铝基复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN115057692A (zh) | 一种添加钛铁合金的铝碳滑板砖及其生产方法 | |
CN116646547B (zh) | 一种用于制备石墨双极板的树脂混合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN111763062B (zh) | 一种无机纤维保温板及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN115141950B (zh) | 一种单质碳增强铝基复合材料的制备方法 | |
CN117820016A (zh) | 一种多孔陶瓷及其制备方法 | |
CN114044931B (zh) | 一种提高耐高温性能的硅树脂复合材料制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |