CN116377019A - 基于fret和应激颗粒的病毒3c蛋白酶抑制剂双筛选方法 - Google Patents
基于fret和应激颗粒的病毒3c蛋白酶抑制剂双筛选方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂双筛选方法,使用表达CFP‑G3BP1‑YFP的细胞,通过考察G3BP1是否被3C蛋白酶切割而影响CFP与YFP的邻近距离及其产生的FRET信号,确定3C蛋白酶抑制剂对3C蛋白酶的抑制活性;另使用稳定表达含荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的细胞,通过考察G3BP1/G3BP2是否被3C蛋白酶切割而影响细胞内应激颗粒组装的现象,验证3C蛋白酶抑制剂对3C蛋白酶的抑制活性。本发明所述双系统筛选方法从蛋白酶活性以及蛋白酶活性抑制后所导致的细胞生理学效应两个方面进行考察,能够更高效、更全面、更准确地评估3C蛋白酶抑制剂候选物的蛋白酶抑制活性,降低假阳性率,适合在活细胞水平进行高通量筛选。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂双筛选方法。
背景技术
正向单链RNA【(+)ssRNA】病毒代表最大的RNA病毒群,其中包括:小RNA病毒、冠状病毒以及杯状病毒。这些病毒中大多数的病原体都会对人和动物的健康产生巨大影响。典型的和新出现的人类病原体包括:小RNA病毒家族中的脊髓灰质炎病毒(Poliovirus,PV)、人肠道病毒(Human enteroviruses,HEV)、人类鼻病毒(Human rhinoviruses,HRV)、甲型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis Avirus,HAV)、以及口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV),冠状病毒家族中的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(Severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratorysyndrome coronavirus,MERS-CoV)和SARS-CoV-2,以及杯状病毒家族中的诺如病毒和札如病毒。在这些(+)ssRNA病毒的复制过程中,由病毒RNA直接翻译而来的一种或多种多聚蛋白会被病毒蛋白酶水解剪切为成熟或中间病毒蛋白。在小RNA病毒、冠状病毒以及杯状病毒中这种剪切大多数都是由3C蛋白酶(3C proteases,3Cpro)或3C样蛋白酶(3C-likeproteases,3CLpro)完成的。3C/3CLpro具有相似的结构和功能,首先它们都属于3-胰凝乳蛋白酶样半胱氨酸蛋白酶,其次是它们都包含有一个高度保守的三维结构:3Cpro中含有Cys-His-Glu/Asp催化三联体结构以及3CLpro中含有优先剪切Gln-Gly(P1-P1’)位点的Cys-His二联体结构。3C/3CLpro除了能够参与多聚蛋白的剪切外,还是一种多功能蛋白。例如,小RNA病毒3Cpro具有RNA结合能力,并能诱导病毒RNA复制复合物的组装和病毒RNA的合成。除此之外,小RNA病毒3Cpro能够剪切多种宿主蛋白,导致宿主细胞的转录和翻译终止,破坏宿主的抗病毒防御系统。最近,越来越多的证据表明3Cpro在剪切先天免疫相关蛋白进而抑制宿主的天然免疫方面发挥重要作用,这也是支持病毒复制和发病的一个重要策略。
迄今为止,通过寻找3Cpro抑制剂进而开发针对小RNA病毒、冠状病毒以及杯状病毒的广谱抗病毒疗法已经获得了广泛关注。并且在人体中没有发现3Cpro同种属的蛋白酶,所以进一步支持这种靶向3Cpro的策略。多种高通量筛选以及基于结构的药物靶点设计已被用于寻找3Cpro抑制剂,其中包括:文库法、实验室合成法、药物重新定位法以及分子对接法。因此越来越多的化合物被鉴定为3Cpro的抑制剂。这些抑制剂按结构主要分类为:肽类、杂环酯类、吡唑类、靛红衍生类以及大环类。最初针对HRV开发的3Cpro抑制剂Rupintrivir及其衍生物也具有对冠状病毒和其他小RNA病毒的广谱抗病毒功能,这就表明小RNA病毒3Cpro也具有成为广谱抗病毒药物的潜能。然而由于感染条件的失败、生物安全性或者其他方面的问题,只有有限的化合物进入临床阶段。因此,抗病毒3Cpro抑制剂的开发仍在进行中。
荧光共振能量转移(Fluorescence energy resonance transfer,FRET)是一种常用的无细胞或者基于细胞水平的高通量筛选药物方法。自2003年SARS冠状病毒爆发后,FRET就被用作评估SARS-CoV 3CLpro的蛋白水解活性及其化学抑制剂的筛选。随后有报道称,FRET也可以用于筛选柯萨奇病毒B3(Coxsackievirus B3,CVB3)、HEV、诺如病毒和MERS-CoV等表达3C/3CLpro的病毒的抗病毒药物。高通量在结构和蛋白酶活性筛选策略方面是有优势的,然而,它们也存在一些局限性。例如,单一的体外系统无法同时评估化合物的毒性及其对酶活性以及蛋白酶介导的生理过程的影响,由于化合物的活性评价标准太过单一,会导致无法真实、客观地反映化合物在细胞内的蛋白酶抑制活性,从而导致筛选系统的假阳性或假阴性率过高。因此,3Cpro抑制剂的开发仍然可以通过创新策略或优化现有策略来改进。
3Cpro在剪切先天免疫相关蛋白进而逃避宿主的免疫反应方面起重要作用,这些先天免疫相关蛋白包括:RIG-I、MDA5、MAVS、NEMO、PKR和G3BP1,其中大多数都与应激颗粒(Stress granules,SGs)有关。SGs是细胞在应对环境压力(如氧化压力和病毒入侵)时在细胞质形成的一种无膜细胞器。病毒感染后,宿主细胞通过阻断病毒翻译和刺激宿主免疫反应来部署SGs作为重要的抗病毒防御策略。G3BP1是SGs的一个重要成核蛋白,通过招募免疫相关蛋白至SGs激活来促进先天免疫信号通路的传递。然而,病毒也进化出了多种机制来对抗SGs的形成,其中之一就是病毒蛋白酶介导的SGs关键蛋白G3BP1的剪切。感染初期,病毒dsRNA在宿主细胞中激活PKR,eIF2α磷酸化并诱导SGs形成,后期3Cpro则倾向于靶向G3BP1使得SGs解聚。例如PV、脑心肌炎病毒(Encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV)、肠道病毒71(Enterovirus 71,EV71)以及CVB3的3Cpro剪切G3BP1的Q325残基,FMDV 3Cpro剪切G3BP1的E285残基。除此之外,猫嵌杯状病毒(feline calicivirus,FCV)的3CLpro也能够剪切G3BP1并抑制SGs的组装。最近的研究表明,尽管SARS-CoV-2的3CLpro(也被称为Nsp5)没有剪切G3BP1,但是破坏了SGs的形成。3Cpro的天然底物G3BP1以及富含G3BP1的SGs可以反映出活细胞中3Cpro的酶活性。然而,目前还未建立过基于SGs评估或筛选3Cpro抑制剂的系统。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明将G3BP1 N末端与CFP偶联作为供体基团,G3BP1 C末端与YFP偶联作为受体基团,构建一个基于FRET的的生物传感器,对3Cpro抑制剂的活性进行筛选。与此同时,还建立了稳定表达带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标签的G3BP1细胞系来实时监测3Cpro抑制剂对SGs组装的影响,考察3Cpro活性抑制后所导致的细胞生理学效应的改变,对3Cpro抑制剂进行功能性筛选。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3Cpro抑制剂双筛选方法,包括方法1:将3Cpro的天然底物G3BP1或其片段的N/C末端与CFP偶联作为供体基团,G3BP1 C/N末端与YFP偶联作为受体基团,构建CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP的真核表达系统,将其与3Cpro真核表达系统共转染真核细胞,等待转染完成,加入3Cpro抑制剂候选物,若3Cpro受到抑制失活,失去剪切G3BP1或其片段的能力,进而无法导致CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP结构中的CFP和YFP的分离,对CFP与YFP紧密连接产生FRET信号无法产生影响,提示3Cpro抑制剂候选物对3Cpro活性具有抑制作用;
方法2:构建具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统,将其与3Cpro真核表达系统共转染真核细胞,待转染完成,加入3Cpro抑制剂候选物,若3Cpro受到抑制失活,失去剪切G3BP1/G3BP2的能力,G3BP1/G3BP2通过自身相互作用促进SGs组装,提示3Cpro抑制剂候选物能够产生3Cpro活性抑制后所导致的细胞生理学效应的改变,
所述病毒为小RNA病毒、冠状病毒或杯状病毒。
方法1的设计思路:本发明设计的CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP结构中的CFP与YFP通过G3BP1或其片段连接产生FRET信号,体系中存在3Cpro时,3Cpro会剪切G3BP1或其片段,进而影响CFP与YFP的邻近距离,致使FRET信号损失,若体系中同时存在3Cpro抑制剂,3Cpro则会受到抑制失活,进而无法剪切G3BP1或其片段,体系会正常产生FRET信号。
方法2的设计思路:在应激条件下,G3BP1/G3BP2通过自身相互作用促进SGs的形成,体系中存在3Cpro时,3Cpro剪切G3BP1/G3BP2导致SGs发生解聚,若体系中同时存在3Cpro抑制剂,3Cpro则会受到抑制失活,进而无法剪切G3BP1/G3BP2,体系产生SGs,SGs的动态变化能够反映出3Cpro生理活性。此外,荧光标签在活细胞中的密度、强度和亚细胞定位可以反映3Cpro抑制剂的潜在细胞毒性。
本发明所述的方法,所述病毒选自脊髓灰质炎病毒PV、人肠道病毒HEV、人类鼻病毒HRV、甲型肝炎病毒HAV、口蹄疫病毒FMDV、严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒SARS-CoV、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒MERS-CoV、新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2、诺如病毒或札如病毒。一个具体的示例,病毒为脊髓灰质炎病毒PV。
所述方法1或方法2等待转染完成的时间为5~6小时。
本发明所述的方法,方法2荧光标签选自绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、红色荧光蛋白(RFP、mCherry)和黄色荧光蛋白(YFP、Venus)中的一种或几种。一个具体的示例,荧光标签为CFP。
本发明所述的方法,所述方法1或方法2真核表达系统选自pCS2、pcDNA3、pSin-EF2或pCMV6质粒载体,所述真核细胞选自人宫颈癌细胞HeLa、人神经母细胞瘤细胞SY5Y或人胚胎肾细胞HEK293。一个具体的示例,方法1使用的真核细胞为293T细胞,方法2使用的真核细胞为HeLa细胞。
本发明一个具体的示例,所述CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP的真核表达系统为pCS2,所述3Cpro真核表达系统为pCS2,所述具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统为pSin-EF2。
考虑到全长G3BP1(466氨基酸)CFP与YFP之间的空间距离可能会减弱FRET信号,本发明优选使用G3BP1的C端(220-466aa)代替全长的G3BP1。C端G3BP1比全长短得多,但是保留了3Cpro完整的切割位点。
本发明涉及的相关蛋白的氨基酸序列和核苷酸序列信息如下:
G3BP1基因序列GenBank NM_005754.2,氨基酸序列GenBank NP_005745.1。
PV 3Cpro基因序列GenBank NC_002058.3,氨基酸序列GenBank NP_740476.2。
G3BP1C氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:2所示。
CFP-G3BP1-YFP氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:3所示。核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:4所示。CFP-G3BP1C-YFP氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:5所示。核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:6所示。GFP-G3BP1氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:7所示。核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:8所示。
GFP-G3BP2 SEQ ID No:9所示。核苷酸序列如SEQ ID No:10所示。
本发明另一目的在于提供一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3Cpro抑制剂筛选试剂,包括试剂1:CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP的真核表达系统和3Cpro真核表达系统;试剂2:具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统和3Cpro真核表达系统。
本发明另一目的在于提供本发明所述方法在筛选已知抗病毒药物新用途中的应用,本发明所述方法选择与已知抗病毒药物所属类型不同的病毒的3Cpro对已知抗病毒药物的活性进行筛选,方法1和2结果为阳性时提示已知抗病毒药物具有抗新的病毒种类的活性。
本发明一个具体的示例,利用基于FRET和SGs的双筛选系统,从FDA批准的抗病毒药物库中对PV 3Cpro抑制剂进行小范围筛选,确定了两个化合物作为新型PV 3Cpro抑制剂:丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)NS3/4Apro抑制剂Telaprevir和单纯疱疹病毒(herpes simplex virus,HSV)复制抑制剂Trifluridine。Telaprevir和Trifluridine不仅缓解了PV 3Cpro对G3BP1的裂解和对SG的破坏,而且还恢复了被PV 3Cpro抑制的先天免疫反应和被PV 3Cpro促进的病毒复制。
本发明优点:
本发明公开了一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3Cpro抑制剂双筛选方法,使用具有CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP的细胞器,通过G3BP1或其片段是否被3Cpro切割而影响CFP与YFP邻近距离及其产生的FRET信号的变化,确定3Cpro抑制剂对3Cpro的抑制活性;另使用具荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的细胞器,通过G3BP1/G3BP2是否被3Cpro切割而影响SGs组装的现象,确定3Cpro抑制剂对3Cpro的抑制活性。本发明所述双系统筛选方法从蛋白酶活性以及蛋白酶活性抑制后所导致的细胞生理学效应两个方面进行考察,能够更高效、更全面、更准确地评估3Cpro抑制剂候选物的蛋白酶抑制活性,降低假阳性率、适合高通量筛选。
附图说明
图1PV 3Cpro剪切SGs核心蛋白G3BP1。(A)用Flag标记的病毒蛋白酶(PV 3Cpro、SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro和PLpro、HIV-1pro)和Myc-G3BP1转染293T细胞,然后用抗Flag和抗Myc抗体进行免疫印迹。(B)用Flag-PV 3Cpro转染293T细胞,然后用抗Flag和抗G3BP1抗体进行免疫印迹。(C)用Flag-PV 3Cpro转染HeLa细胞,不处理或用polyI:C处理9h或0.5mM AS处理45min,然后进行Flag(绿色)和G3BP1(红色)免疫染色。比例尺:20μM。(D)对面板(C)中显示的SGs细胞百分比的统计分析。数据以平均±SD(n=3)表示。统计学:t检验(*,P<0.05,**,P<0.01)。(E)由PV多聚蛋白的8个位点和宿主蛋白的2个位点生成的PV 3Cpro切割位点的序列标志。氨基酸根据其物理化学特性进行颜色编码。极性、绿色;碱性、蓝色;中性、紫色;酸性、红色;疏水、黑色。氨基酸显示为一个字母的标准代码。Berger和Schechter提出了剪切命名法。
图2用于筛选PV 3Cpro抑制剂的FRET和SGs双筛选系统的示意图。(A,B)基于FRET的筛选监测3Cpro对G3BP1的剪切机制示意图。(C)小RNA病毒3Cpro切割G3BP1蛋白的位点。将其全长及其C端片段分别生成CFP-G3BP1-YFP和CFP-G3BP1C-YFP作为PV 3Cpro的底物。(D)基于SGs的筛选监测SGs动态机制的示意图。
图3通过FRET和SGs双筛选系统监测活细胞中PV 3Cpro的活性。(A)CFP的吸收光谱(蓝色实线)和CFP的发射光谱(蓝色虚线),YFP的吸收光谱(黄色实线)和YFP的发射光谱(黄色虚线)。(B)用CFP-G3BP1-YFP或CFP-G3BP1C-YFP与Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体一起转染HeLa细胞,然后使用Zeiss LSM880共聚焦显微镜系统的FRET模块进行FRET。比例尺:20μM。(C)对面板(B)中显示的FRET效率(E)的统计分析。数据以平均±SD(n=3)表示。统计学:t检验(**,P<0.01)。(D)用Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体转染稳定过表达GFP-G3BP1的HeLa细胞,然后不处理或用0.5mM AS处理45min,然后进行活细胞成像。比例尺:20μM。
图4通过药物筛选确定Telaprevir和Trifluridine作为PV 3Cpro抑制剂。(A)用CFP-G3BP1C-YFP与Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体一起转染HeLa细胞,转染5小时后不处理或用10μMTelaprevir或Trifluridine处理,然后使用Zeiss LSM880共聚焦显微镜系统的FRET模块进行FRET。比例尺:20μM。(B)对面板(A)中显示的FRET效率(E)的统计分析数据以平均
±SD(n=3)表示。统计学:t检验(**,P<0.01)。(C)用Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体转染表达GFP-G3BP1的HeLa细胞,转染5h后不处理或用10μM Telaprevir或Trifluridine处理,孵育31h。细胞用0.5mM AS处理45min,然后进行Flag免疫染色(红色)。比例尺:20μM。(D)对面板(C)中显示的与SGs细胞的相对数量的统计。分析数据以平均±SD(n=3)表示。统计学:t检验(**,P<0.01)。
图5Telaprevir和Trifluridine抑制PV 3Cpro介导的宿主蛋白剪切作用。(A)用Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体转染293T细胞,转染5小时后不处理或用10μM Telaprevir和Trifluridine处理,然后用抗Flag、抗G3BP1和抗GAPDH抗体进行免疫印迹检测。(B)面板(A)中显示的G3BP1与全长G3BP1的比值的统计分析。数据以平均±SD(n=3)表示。统计学:t检验(*,P<0.05)。(C)用Flag-TDP43和Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体一起转染293T细胞,转染5小时后不处理或用10μM Telaprevir和Trifluridine处理,然后用抗Flag和抗GAPDH抗体进行免疫印迹。(D)面板(C)中显示的切割TDP43与全长TDP43的比值的统计分析。数据以平均±SD(n=3)表示。
图6Telaprevir和Trifluridine抑制PV 3Cpro介导的先天免疫反应抑制和促进病毒复制。(A,B)用Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体转染293T细胞,转染5小时后不处理或用10μMTelaprevir和Trifluridine处理。22h后,用polyI:C转染细胞9h,然后收集RNA提取和qPCR检测IFIT2(A)和IFN-β(B)。定量数据用平均值±SD;n=3表示。统计学:学生t检验(*,P<0.05,**,P<0.01)。(C)用Flag-PV 3Cpro或载体转染293T细胞36h,用VSV-GFP感染,然后用10μM Telaprevir和Trifluridine处理。流式细胞仪检测GFP细胞。(D)对(C)面板中显示的GFP细胞百分比的统计分析。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例说明本发明的具体步骤,但不受实施例限制。
在本发明中所使用的术语,除非另有说明,一般具有本领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义。
下面结合具体实施例并参照数据进一步详细描述本发明。应理解,该实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
在以下实施例中,未详细描述的各种过程和方法是本领域中公知的常规方法。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1PV 3Cpro介导G3BP1的剪切并且抑制SGs
本实施例将G3BP1与不同的病毒蛋白酶在293T细胞中进行共转染,病毒蛋白酶包括:PV 3Cpro、SARS2-CoV-2 3CLpro、木瓜素蛋白酶(Papain-like protease,PLpro)以及HIV-1蛋白酶。
PV 3Cpro、SARS2-CoV-2 3CLpro、木瓜素蛋白酶(Papain-like protease,PLpro)以及HIV-1蛋白酶基因序列由北京擎科生物科技有限公司合成,质粒载体为pCS2-Flag(Addgene,#16331),克隆位点均为EcoRI和XbaI,构建成表达质粒pCS2-Flag PV 3Cpro、pCS2-Flag SARS2-CoV-2 3CLpro、pCS2-Flag SARS-CoV-2PLpro、pCS2-Flag HIV-1pro。当细胞长至60%-70%时,将G3BP1与病毒蛋白酶共同转染进293T细胞中,当细胞转染36小时后,收集细胞裂解液。并通过Western Blot检测不同病毒蛋白酶对G3BP1的剪切作用。
结果如图1所示,图1A显示只有PV 3Cpro可以剪切过表达的Myc-G3BP1,虽然SARS-CoV-2的感染会抑制SGs的组装,但并不是由其3CLpro或PLpro剪切G3BP1所导致的。图1B显示内源性G3BP1能够被PV 3Cpro剪切。图1C-D显示PV 3Cpro对G3BP1的剪切显著抑制了亚砷酸钠(Sodium arsenite,AS)或者模拟RNA病毒感染的polyI:C诱导的SGs的组装。G3BP1的剪切位点(P5-P3’)321EAGEQGDI328,与从PV多聚蛋白以及已知的宿主底物总结出的PV 3C共有切割序列完全一致(图1E)。这些数据表明,PV 3Cpro介导G3BP1的剪切并且抑制SGs的形成,同时提示可以利用基于G3BP1和SGs的双筛选系统来评估PV 3Cpro活性。
实施例2建立FRET和SGs双筛选系统监测活细胞中PV 3Cpro的活性
基于FRET的筛选监测3Cpro对G3BP1的剪切机制示意图如图2A和图2B所示。小RNA病毒3Cpro切割G3BP1蛋白的位点如图2C所示。基于SGs的筛选监测SGs动态机制的示意图如图2D所示。
应激颗粒(Stress granules,SGs)是指细胞受到外界刺激时形成的动态mRNA与蛋白质的复合聚集体。G3BP1是SGs的核心蛋白,PV 3Cpro通过剪切G3BP1抑制SGs的形成。筛选出的PV 3Cpro抑制剂通过抑制PV 3Cpro对G3BP1的剪切而恢复SGs的形成。
构建表达质粒CYP-G3BP1-YFP和CYP-G3BP1C-YFP时使用的质粒载体为pCS2-CFP-YFP(由北京擎科生物科技有限公司基因合成获得),克隆位点为StuI和XhoI,插入片段G3BP1和G3BP1C通过PCR扩增获得,PCR模板为pCS2-Flag-hG3BP1(制备过程参见中国发明专利ZL202110649944.1),扩增G3BP1的PCR引物为G3BP1-F 5’-atggtgatggagaagcctagtcccctgct-3’和hG3BP1-Sal-R 5’-tatGTCGACctgccgtggcgcaagccccct-3’,扩增G3BP1C的PCR引物为hG3BP1-220F 5’-gaagaaactgcccctgaggatgctcagaag-3’和hG3BP1-Sal-R 5’-tatGTCGACctgccgtggcgcaagccccct-3’。PCR采用高保真Q5聚合酶(NEB,#M0491L)扩增,PCR条件为:98℃变性2min;98℃10s,60℃30s,72℃70s进行30个循环;72℃延伸5min。扩增后的PCR产物使用SalI进行酶切,酶切后的PCR产物上游平端与载体的StuI平端连接,下游SalI位点与载体的XhoI位点连接。质粒克隆的具体操作参考《分子克隆实验指南(第四版)》(冷泉港实验室出版社/科学出版社)进行。
构建用于稳定转染HeLa细胞的表达质粒GFP-G3BP1和GFP-G3BP2时使用的质粒载体为带有抗嘌呤霉素筛选标记的pSin-EF2(Addgene,#16578),克隆位点为MluI和酶切后补平的ClaI,插入片段GFP-G3BP1和GFP-G3BP2通过PCR扩增获得,PCR模板分别为pCS2-GFP-hG3BP1和pCS2-GFP-hG3BP2(制备过程参见中国发明专利ZL202110649944.1),扩增GFP-G3BP1的PCR引物为EGFP-ClaI-F 5’-gcaATCGATATGgtgagcaagggcgaggag-3’和hG3BP1-Mlu-R 5’-agtACGCGTtTCActgccgtggcgcaagcc-3’,扩增GFP-G3BP2的PCR引物为EGFP-ClaI-F5’-gcaATCGATATGgtgagcaagggcgaggag-3’和hG3BP2-Mlu-R 5’-agtACGCGTTCAgcgacgctgtcctgtgaa-3’。PCR采用高保真Q5聚合酶(NEB,#M0491L)扩增,PCR条件为:98℃变性2min;98℃10s,60℃30s,72℃70s进行30个循环;72℃延伸5min。扩增后的PCR产物使用MluI进行酶切,酶切后的PCR产物上游平端与载体ClaI酶切后补平的平端连接,下游MluI位点与载体的MluI位点连接。质粒克隆的具体操作参考《分子克隆实验指南(第四版)》(冷泉港实验室出版社/科学出版社)进行。
在存在或不存在PV 3Cpro的HeLa细胞中转染CYP-G3BP1-YFP或CYP-G3BP1C-YFP的表达质粒。当细胞长至60%-70%时,通过单独在HeLa细胞中转入CFP-G3BP1-YFP或CFP-G3BP1C-YFP作为G3BP1未被剪切时可发生FRET现象的实验对照组。同时通过将CFP-G3BP1-YFP或CFP-G3BP1C-YFP与PV 3Cpro共转染作为G3BP1被剪切而无FRET现象发生的实验组。转染36小时后,使用激光共聚焦显微镜在514nm波长下检测CFP在458nm波长激发后产生的FRET受体信号如图3A所示。结果显示,当HeLa细胞中不存在PV 3Cpro时,转染CYP-G3BP1-YFP或CYP-G3BP1C-YFP都会产生FRET信号,并且转染CYP-G3BP1C-YFP时产生的信号更强(图3B和3C)。然而,当与PV 3Cpro共转染时这两个FRET信号都明显减弱。
在存在或不存在PV 3Cpro的HeLa细胞中转染GFP-G3BP1的表达质粒,然后不处理或用0.5mM AS处理45min,然后进行活细胞成像。结果如图3D所示,与图1C的免疫荧光结果相似,稳定表达GFP-G3BP1的HeLa细胞实时图像显示,在没有和有PV 3Cpro的情况下,AS诱导的SGs分别形成和消失。上述实验结果表明成功建立基于FRET和SGs的可以用于筛选活细胞中PV 3Cpro抑制剂的双筛选系统。
实施例3本发明所述FRET和SGs双筛选系统筛选药物的应用
为了验证FRET和SGs双筛选系统筛选药物的可行性,从FDA批准的药物库中选择了64种已知的抗病毒化合物,并进行了PV 3Cpro抑制剂的筛选(表1)。由于CYP-G3BP1C-YFP比CYP-G3BP1-YFP具有更高的FRET信号,所以在HeLa细胞中将CYP-G3BP1C-YFP与PV 3Cpro共转染,然后用不同的化合物进行处理。虽然大多数化合物对FRET或SGs的动态影响不大,但通过FRET和SGs的筛选,Telaprevir和Trifluridine表现出对PV 3Cpro的抑制作用(表1)。结果如图4A-B所示,结果表明PV 3Cpro的表达降低了CYP-G3BP1C-YFP产生的FRET信号,可以通过Telaprevir或Trifluridine的处理得到拯救。此外,Telaprevir和Trifluridine也能够防止PV 3Cpro介导的SGs分解(图4C-D)。采用本发明所述方法,发现了已知抗病毒药物Telaprevir和Trifluridine作为PV 3Cpro的抑制剂的新用途。这也表明FRET和SGs双基系统在高通量筛选PV 3Cpro以及其他具有裂解G3BP1能力的3C/CCLpro抑制剂方面的潜力。
表1本研究中使用的FDA批准的抗病毒化合物和筛选结果的总结
实施例5Telaprevir和Trifluridine抑制PV 3Cpro介导的生理事件
PV 3Cpro通过与宿主蛋白的相互作用,在宿主细胞中产生不同的生理效应,如裂解宿主蛋白、规避免疫反应和促进病毒复制等。本实施例研究了Telaprevir和Trifluridine对PV3Cpro介导的生理事件的影响。
构建表达质粒pCS2-Flag-TDP43时使用的质粒载体为pCS2-Flag(Addgene,#16331),克隆位点为StuI和XbaI。插入片段TDP43通过PCR扩增获得,PCR模板为293T细胞cDNA,PCR引物为TDP-43-1F 5′-ATGtctgaatatattcgggtaaccgaagat-3′和TDP-43-XbaI-R5′-catTCTAGAccaaccaaccacaaccc-3′。PCR采用高保真Q5聚合酶(NEB,#M0491L)扩增,PCR条件为:98℃变性2min;98℃10s,60℃30s,72℃70s进行30个循环;72℃延伸5min。扩增后的PCR产物使用XbaI进行酶切,酶切后的PCR产物上游平端与载体的StuI平端连接,下游XbaI位点与载体的XbaI位点连接。质粒克隆的具体操作参考《分子克隆实验指南(第四版)》(冷泉港实验室出版社/科学出版社)进行。
当细胞长至60%-70%时,在293T细胞中单独转染TDP43作为未被PV 3Cpro切割的实验对照组。同时,通过将TDP43与PV 3Cpro共转染作为被切割实验组。当细胞转染5小时后,更换为带有Telaprevir或Trifluridine的新鲜培养基。转染36小时后,收集细胞裂解液,并通过WB检测药物对PV 3Cpro剪切TDP43的抑制作用。同样的方法检测药物对PV3Cpro剪切内源G3BP1的抑制作用。
结果如图5所示,结果表明PV 3Cpro的表达导致G3BP1和TDP-43的裂解,两者都是PV 3Cpro的已知底物,Telaprevir或Trifluridine的处理降低了这种影响。
将293T细胞传至实验用孔板,当细胞长至60%-70%时,在细胞中单独转染PV3Cpro。转染5小时后,更换为无药物或含有Telaprevir和Trifluridine药物的新鲜培养基。收样前9小时,加入polyI:C模拟病毒感染,9小时后,收集细胞RNA并通过qPCR检测细胞中免疫相关因子表达的变化。
结果如图6A-B所示,结果表明PV 3Cpro阻断了polyI:C诱导的IFN-β和IFN刺激基因(ISG)IFIT2的mRNA表达,Telaprevir或Trifluridine恢复了这种表达。
利用水疱性口炎病毒(VSV)表达GFP(VSV-GFP)作为模型病毒,试图确定PV3Cpro及其抑制剂对SGs和先天免疫反应的调节是否通过调控病毒复制发挥作用。
接种293T细胞于12孔板中进行培养,待细胞汇合度达到60%左右时进行PV 3Cpro转染,转染24小时后进行VSV eGFP病毒感染。然后将稀释好的病毒加入到细胞中,待病毒感染1-2小时后,去掉含病毒的培养基,加入新鲜培养基。待病毒感染12小时后收取细胞,用流式细胞仪分析荧光阳性的细胞情况。
结果如图6C-D所示,结果表明,与对照组相比,PV 3Cpro的表达增加了GFP阳性细胞的百分比。相反,Telaprevir和Trifluridine剥夺了PV 3Cpro的支持能力,表明Telaprevir和Trifluridine逆转了PV 3Cpro介导的对病毒复制的促进作用。
上述研究结果表明,采用本发明所述的FRET和SGs双筛选系统中筛选获得的Telaprevir和Trifluridine可以抑制PV 3Cpro在宿主细胞中介导的生理事件。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂双筛选方法,其特征在于包括方法1:将3C蛋白酶的天然底物G3BP1或其片段的N/C末端与CFP偶联作为供体基团,G3BP1C/N末端与YFP偶联作为受体基团,构建CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP的真核表达系统,将其与3C蛋白酶真核表达系统共转染真核细胞,等待转染完成,加入3C蛋白酶抑制剂候选物,若3C蛋白酶受到抑制失活,失去剪切G3BP1或其片段的能力,进而无法导致CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP结构中的CFP和YFP的分离,对CFP与YFP紧密连接产生FRET信号无法产生影响,提示3C蛋白酶抑制剂候选物对3C蛋白酶活性具有抑制作用;
方法2:构建具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统,将其与3C蛋白酶真核表达系统共转染真核细胞,待转染完成,加入3C蛋白酶抑制剂候选物,若3C蛋白酶受到抑制失活,失去剪切G3BP1/G3BP2的能力,G3BP1/G3BP2通过自身相互作用促进应激颗粒的组装,提示3C蛋白酶抑制剂候选物能够产生3C蛋白酶活性抑制后所导致的细胞生理学效应的改变,
所述病毒为小RNA病毒、冠状病毒或杯状病毒。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特在于所述病毒选自脊髓灰质炎病毒PV、人肠道病毒HEV、人类鼻病毒HRV、甲型肝炎病毒HAV、口蹄疫病毒FMDV、严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒SARS-CoV、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒MERS-CoV、新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2、诺如病毒或札如病毒。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法1或方法2等待转染完成的时间为5~6小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法2荧光标签选自GFP、RFP、mCherry、YFP、Venus中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法1或方法2真核表达系统选自pCS2、pcDNA3、pSin-EF2或pCMV6质粒载体,所述真核细胞选自人宫颈癌细胞HeLa、人神经母细胞瘤细胞SY5Y或人胚胎肾细胞HEK293。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于所述CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP的真核表达系统为pCS2,所述3C蛋白酶真核表达系统为pCS2,所述具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统为pSin-EF2。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法,其特征在于所述G3BP1片段为G3BP1C,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No:1所示。
8.一种基于FRET和应激颗粒的病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂筛选试剂,其特征在于包括试剂1:
CFP-G3BP1或其片段-YFP或者YFP-G3BP1或其片段-CFP的真核表达系统和3C蛋白酶真核表达系统;试剂2:具有荧光标签的G3BP1/G3BP2的真核表达系统和3C蛋白酶真核表达系统。
9.如权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法在筛选已知抗病毒药物新用途中的应用,其特征在于采用权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法,选择与已知抗病毒药物所属类型不同的病毒的3C蛋白酶进行筛选,方法1和2结果为阳性时提示已知抗病毒药物具有抗新的病毒种类的活性。
10.Telaprevir或Trifluridine在制备抗脊髓灰质炎病毒药物中的应用。
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