CN116354769B

CN116354769B - Pseudo-ginseng fertilizer based on natural fermentation and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN116354769B
Application number: CN202310594682.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 文智弘; 赵兰海; 吕垒; 何浩铭; 王磊; 孙敏
Original assignee: Yunnan Zerun Sanqi Planting Co ltd
Current assignee: Yunnan Zerun Sanqi Planting Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-25
Filing date: 2023-05-25
Publication date: 2023-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 2043-05-25
Also published as: CN116354769A

Abstract

The invention discloses a pseudo-ginseng fertilizer based on natural fermentation and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of microbial fermentation compound fertilizers. Based on non-main medicinal parts such as stems/leaves of pseudo-ginseng or extraction residues thereof, the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer is prepared by fermentation treatment and consists of a carrier and a filled gel component. According to the invention, a carrier skeleton rich in through holes is adopted in the preparation of the fertilizer, trans-wrapping of gel units in the carrier is realized by filling gel matrix, mixing pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis and fermentation liquor containing procoagulant ions, and a nest structure with a plurality of gel units is formed after gel crosslinking. The special structure and specific component collocation of the compound fertilizer not only enable the gel unit of the fertilizer to have excellent water holding capacity and mechanical strength, but also be particularly suitable for the growth requirement of pseudo-ginseng.

Description

Pseudo-ginseng fertilizer based on natural fermentation and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of microbial fermentation compound fertilizers, in particular to a compound fertilizer suitable for pseudo-ginseng planting, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Notoginseng radix is a perennial herb of Panax of Araliaceae, and is a common Chinese medicinal material. Along with the increasing demand of pseudo-ginseng in the current market, the planting scale is also expanding year by year, and along with the improvement of the yield, the number of pseudo-ginseng waste materials left each year is also extremely large. The waste materials are mainly non-main medicinal parts (such as stem and leaf of pseudo-ginseng, etc. (high extraction cost, poor quality of saponin) and extraction residues at roots, and are usually treated as byproduct garbage, but not returned to the field to be used as pseudo-ginseng organic fertilizer.

At present, the special organic fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng is less in research, the traditional pseudo-ginseng is often an inorganic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer is used in a large amount, so that the pseudo-ginseng is slow to absorb and low in fertilizer efficiency, and the common organic fertilizer lacks trace elements necessary for pseudo-ginseng growth and is incomplete in nutrition. The stem and leaf of notoginseng and the residue after extracting saponin contain rich organic matters and trace elements essential for notoginseng growth, but the conventional fermentation process is difficult to release and apply the nutrient substances. This is due to the nature of pseudo-ginseng growth. Although the pseudo-ginseng is perennial root plant, the root system is undeveloped and is mostly distributed in shallow soil with the depth of not more than 10cm, the requirements on fertilizer and soil moisture are high, and diseases are easily caused by the excessive fertilization of organic fertilizer. However, no special fertilizer or auxiliary fertilizer preparation aiming at the root characteristics of the pseudo-ginseng, especially the growth in the leaf spreading period exists at present.

The existing pseudo-ginseng fertilizer mainly comprises chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer, wherein the microbial fertilizer is prepared by directly mixing and granulating microorganisms and fertilizer (for example, raw materials such as fermentation materials, clay, inorganic fertilizer and the like are subjected to chemical polymerization or physical crosslinking and a mixing and compounding mode), but the inorganic fertilizer has killing power to microorganisms and has adverse effect on activity. Another fertilizer is a coated slow release fertilizer, the release speed of fertilizer nutrients is controlled by a coated form, but even if a degradable organic natural polymer coated material is adopted, the slow release characteristic of the internal fertilizer is poor, and strong mechanical operations (easy breakage) such as poor elasticity, mechanical fertilization and the like are not facilitated. Most of the coating materials are difficult to degrade, or a large amount of organic solvents or chemical reagents are adopted in preparation, so that the problems of environmental pollution, high cost and the like exist.

At present, the degradable coating material is a main stream material, but the film has the defects of obvious insufficient strength, poor water resistance and the like, and is difficult to be used for pseudo-ginseng planting. Therefore, the mechanical strength of the coating material is improved or the coating protection is carried out by adopting a specific technical means, and the coating material is not influenced by normal fertilization and tillage operation and has very important significance.

Patent application 201811376290.4 discloses a method for promoting the accumulation of total saponins of Notoginseng radix in Notoginseng radix, applying nitrogen-potassium fertilizer with different proportions to 2-year-old Notoginseng radix and 3-year-old Notoginseng radix, and simultaneously performing basal application or topdressing with different proportions; experiments prove that the total saponin content in the main root of the pseudo-ginseng is 10-15% higher than that of the commercial pseudo-ginseng medicinal material under the fertilization formula and the application mode.

The patent application 202310026730 discloses a microbial compound fertilizer, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the microbial compound fertilizer is formed by taking hydrogel and a fertilizer mixture as wall materials, carrying out load and crosslinking coating on composite microbial bacteria by using a composite porous carrier to form a core material, and coating the core material by using the wall materials; the core material is formed by crosslinking after the carbon-based porous carrier and the modified sepiolite are loaded with composite microorganism bacteria. The invention uses the carrier to load the compound microorganism bacteria and then carries out crosslinking coating, which can only improve the activity and storage stability of the compound microorganism bacteria and can not overcome the corresponding defects of the surface coated fertilizer.

Patent application 201711483530.6 discloses an organic water-soluble seaweed fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. The seaweed organic water-soluble fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: alginic acid, compound vitamins, compound amino acids, chinese medicinal residue extract, potassium fulvate, distiller's grains, diatomite, chelated trace elements, urea chelate and conditioner.

The patent application 202210316491.5 provides an environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the slow-release coated urea fertilizer comprises urea, an inner slow-release layer and an outer protective layer, the inner slow-release layer is a water-based copolymer-fly ash zeolite composite film, and the outer protective layer is palm oil. Weighing polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water, heating and stirring; cooling after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone and water-based acrylic ester emulsion, stirring at constant temperature, adding the fly ash zeolite powder after completely and uniformly mixing, and continuously stirring to obtain a water-based composite solution; spraying the water-based composite solution on the surfaces of preheated urea particles uniformly through high-speed hot air flow atomization, and carrying out ventilation drying to form a slow-release layer; and spraying palm oil on the surface of the slow-release layer, discharging, and naturally cooling to obtain the environment-friendly slow-release coated urea fertilizer. The application adopts chemical crosslinking agents such as acrylic acid, acrylamide and the like as main raw materials of the composite water-retaining agent, and adds an initiator and the crosslinking agent to prepare the slow-release water-retaining agent through graft copolymerization and crosslinking in aqueous solution. However, the chemical crosslinking raw materials such as acrylic acid are used in a large amount, so that the biodegradability of the material is poor, natural degradation is difficult, and serious environmental pollution is caused after long-term use.

In the existing processing of pseudo-ginseng, the medicinal part of pseudo-ginseng is mainly the main root, and the harvested fresh pseudo-ginseng is usually trimmed to form the main root of pseudo-ginseng after cutting the fibrous root and the branch root, and then dried to be used as a medicine. Other parts are generally discarded because of their low saponin content and low quality, low extraction yield and high cost. Because the yield of the pseudo-ginseng per hectare is up to 2-3 tons, a large amount of wastes such as stems, leaves, fibrous roots and the like are generated. However, the stem, leaf and fibrous root of notoginseng still contain a great amount of trace elements which are needed by the growth of notoginseng.

Because the cultivation technique of the pseudo-ginseng has higher requirement, nutrients are mainly absorbed from the soil, and besides the large requirement on nitrogen and potassium in the traditional fertilizer, the organic components and microelements in the soil for fertility improvement are also key factors in the high-quality production of the pseudo-ginseng. The organic matter components, especially the fermented active biological fertilizer and trace elements, have important functions of stimulating the root growth of pseudo-ginseng, improving disease resistance and promoting plant growth and development. However, in the prior art, deep utilization and fermentation processing of the pseudo-ginseng waste material are not reported, and particularly, the pseudo-ginseng waste material is subjected to enzymolysis and natural fermentation to produce the pseudo-ginseng special fertilizer. The notoginseng residues or notoginseng zymolytes can be based on non-main medicinal parts such as waste notoginseng residues or stems and leaves and the like left after extracting total saponins in production, and the content of organic matters and microelements such as polysaccharide and the like beneficial to the growth of notoginseng in the zymolytes can reach more than 5 percent.

In the existing pseudo-ginseng planting, the pseudo-ginseng base fertilizer is commonly referred to as seed covering fertilizer and bud covering fertilizer (covering seedling). The fertilizer is generally a composite of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer, for example, the farmyard manure, plant ash, bean pulp and chemical fertilizer are doped, and the nutrition components and the dosage are unstable, so that the planting yield and the quality are difficult to stabilize; it is therefore highly desirable to develop a special fertilizer for notoginseng that is used in place of and/or in addition to the conventional fertilizers described above to enhance and stabilize the quality (e.g., saponin content) of notoginseng. And the prior art lacks special fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng.

In summary, the prior art shows that the application of the current coated slow release fertilizer in pseudo-ginseng planting has the following main defects:

1) Most of the materials for preparing the coating in the prior art comprise chemical crosslinking agents such as acrylamide and the like, and are basically used for coating the outer surfaces of fertilizer particles. This causes two outstanding problems, one is that the coated granule itself does not have pores communicating with the outside (mainly from the pores of the fertilizer preparation itself material even if pores exist), the slow release effect is poor, and the fibrous root of the pseudo-ginseng is difficult to root and penetrate into the fertilizer granule; secondly, the gel cover has poor mechanical strength and is easy to break, and is easy to be influenced by external environment, such as mechanical pressure caused by tillage industry and drastic change of water caused by irrigation operation, when the gel cover is in direct contact with soil. Most of the existing coated fertilizer particles do not have higher strength and compression resistance, and even if the strength of the existing individual chemical crosslinking films is higher, the existing coated fertilizer particles have extremely poor degradability and are not suitable for the growth requirement of root hairs of pseudo-ginseng.

2) Even if the degradable holding hydrogel is adopted, the existing coating or cladding usually belongs to surface type load, so that the internal fertilizer components are less exposed and cannot have high fertility activity and nutrition utilization; besides, the slow release effect of the coated granular fertilizer with the gel on the surface is greatly influenced by the outside, besides the rupture caused by the influence of the outside pressure and friction (the hardness is reduced due to the swelling of the gel caused by water absorption, the structure becomes soft), the swelling of the gel is also frequently changed due to the severe change of the outside moisture, the sustained and stable release of the fertilizer is influenced, and the fibrous root of the pseudo-ginseng plant is easy to be blocked or can not be rooted when the fibrous root is rooted. And the reversely coated fermentation type fertilizer particles with the gel units are wrapped in the gel units, which have not been reported at present.

3) The pseudo-ginseng planting industry wastes a large number of non-medicinal parts such as roots, stems and leaves and the like every year, and the non-medicinal parts are not effectively recycled; in addition, the fertilizer amount required in the pseudo-ginseng growing period is high and the fertilizer application is frequent, the organic fertilizer is usually required to be added once a month in the existing planting, and the existing slow release fertilizer usually has a high service life period (generally more than two months) and slow release speed (fertilizer components are basically covered by a coating), so that the slow release fertilizer is difficult to adapt to the nutrition requirements and the rapid rooting requirements of pseudo-ginseng planting, especially after expanding leaves; therefore, the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer which is suitable for the growth requirement characteristics of pseudo-ginseng, can be rapidly degraded and can meet the two requirements of slow release and rapid release of nutrient components (namely, a fertilizer preparation is required to meet the requirements of a gel unit and a non-coated unit, and the slow release fertilizer is usually combined with a fertilizer in the prior art, so that the dosage matching is difficult to ensure in actual operation, and the proportion of a certain nutrient component is unbalanced due to overhigh or lack of the nutrient component) is lacking. In the prior art, a special fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng capable of overcoming or improving the defects is not available. Therefore, there is a need to develop new pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizers (e.g., a contained hydrogel or reverse-coated gel fertilizer) to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, it is necessary to provide a carrier-loaded pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation having excellent water-holding capacity based on pseudo-ginseng waste materials (including stem/leaf/non-main root and other non-main medicinal parts) or extraction residues (such as root, stem and leaf and other parts after extraction of saponins) as raw materials. The pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation is in a large particle state composed of a communicating hole type degradable carrier with a skeleton supporting function and an internal filling gel, and can be suitable for root and/or root taking of pseudo-ginseng.

In order to solve the technical problems, the carrier skeleton rich in through holes is adopted in the preparation of the fertilizer preparation, the gel matrix is filled first, then the pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis/fermentation liquid containing procoagulant ions is mixed to realize the trans-wrapping of the gel units in the carrier, and the nest type fertilizer preparation structure with a plurality of gel unit structures is formed after gel crosslinking. The special structure and the specific component collocation make the fertilizer preparation adapt to the growth characteristics of the pseudo-ginseng plant.

Specifically, a first object of the present invention is to provide a pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation having excellent liquid holding (or water holding) properties, which is composed of a carrier containing through holes and a gel matrix filled therein; the carrier is prepared from pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis residues, attapulgite powder, a solid fermentation preparation, a low-temperature pore-forming agent and an adhesive serving as main raw materials through the steps of granulating, forming and pore-forming; the gel matrix is prepared by mixing ionized fermentation base liquid and bi-component gel base liquid, wherein the bi-component is composed of sodium alginate component and another component (or second component) selected from polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin. The invention also aims at providing a preparation method and application of the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation.

The hydrogel-holding type matrix filled in the internal pores of the fertilizer preparation is rich in various organic matters and inorganic elements, and forms a honeycomb type internal nutrient solution unit after water absorption and expansion, so that the nutrient components in the fertilizer preparation can be sustained and released, and the fertilizer preparation has the function of keeping moisture for a long time. The large particle (or ball) carrier skeleton not only endows the hydrogel skeleton with supporting function, but also has the function of improving the soil microenvironment.

The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows.

In a first aspect, the invention provides a pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation, which is prepared from a large particle carrier (or a spherical carrier, preferably with the diameter not less than 5 mm) rich in through holes and a water-holding gel matrix for filling internal pores.

Optionally, the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation and/or the large-particle carrier skeleton are further subjected to surface coating treatment (for further enhancing water resistance and slow release property).

The large-particle carrier is a through honeycomb carrier and is prepared from notoginseng enzymolysis residue powder, attapulgite powder (or bentonite and zeolite powder), a solid fermentation preparation, a low-temperature pore-forming agent (preferably low-temperature pyrolysis inorganic salt) and an adhesive serving as main raw materials through processing steps such as forming, pore-forming and the like.

Preferably, the above preparation raw materials comprise the following main components (based on dry materials) in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of dried notoginseng enzymatic residue powder, 20-30 parts of attapulgite powder, 5-10 parts of a solid fermentation preparation (optionally, a proper amount of plant ash such as corn stalk ash can be included), 0.5-5 parts of sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent, and 1-3 parts of a bonding aid such as starch or industrial grade pregelatinized starch; the raw materials are mixed and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain a dry solid material for standby.

Further preferably, the above preparation raw materials comprise the following weight parts (based on dry materials): 50 parts of dried notoginseng enzymatic hydrolysis residue powder, 25-30 parts of attapulgite powder, 5-10 parts of solid fermentation preparation, 0.5-3 parts of sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent and 1-3 parts of bonding auxiliary agent pregelatinized starch.

Wherein, the shaping treatment operation in the preparation process of the large particle carrier is as follows:

1) Based on the weight portion ratio, adding degradable organic polymer adhesive (such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone) into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, adding potassium fulvate, stirring in water bath, and uniformly mixing to obtain adhesive organic matrix liquid containing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid matrix. Cooling to room temperature for standby.

2) Mixing the dry solid material powder with an adhesive organic matrix liquid at room temperature, fully stirring and wetting, and adding ammonium bicarbonate particles or coated ammonium bicarbonate particles (preferably 1-5 wt%) in the stirring process to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry; granulating in a granulator to obtain spherical granule preform. Alternatively, the mixed slurry soft material can be extruded into columnar particles and then prepared into spheres in a spherical shot blasting machine.

Optionally, a small amount of tween 60 or tween 80 may be added as a shaping aid before granulation.

Preferably, coated ammonium bicarbonate particles are employed to reduce particle dissolution during agitation.

Wherein, the pore-forming treatment operation in the preparation process of the large-particle carrier is gradient sectional pore-forming (or two-section pore-forming), and the pore-forming treatment comprises the steps of preliminary pore-forming and through pore-forming:

1) Preliminary pore-forming: heating to 30-35 ℃ to perform primary pore-forming treatment.

The ammonium bicarbonate of the pore-forming agent is slowly decomposed at this stage, and single pores or small pores are generated. Alternatively, the step can also adopt saccharomycete fermentation to generate independent air holes with different sizes similar to the fermentation process of steamed bread, the air holes are usually independent at the stage, most of the air holes are not communicated with each other, and the stage needs to be careful to avoid too fast temperature rise, so that the uniformity of the air holes is reduced and the breakage rate of particles is increased due to concentrated gas production.

2) And (3) through hole forming: after the preliminary pore-forming treatment, heating to 50-60 ℃, and carrying out the through pore-forming treatment at the temperature.

The stage is that along with the temperature rise, the decomposition of ammonium bicarbonate is gradually complete, and at the same time, the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate component is started to produce gas at 50 ℃ or above, so that the pores inside the particles gradually penetrate through to generate through holes or communicating holes, and the large particle carrier rich in the through holes is obtained after drying.

Optionally, the large particle carrier can be uniformly coated by adopting degradable high molecular polymer, so that the method is favorable for maintaining the complete form in the subsequent dipping step and reducing the water solubility. Polyvinyl alcohol or celluloses are preferably used as the coating main material.

In the invention, the hydrogel-holding matrix is prepared by mixing ionized fermentation base liquid and bi-component gel base liquid, wherein the bi-component gel is polyvinyl alcohol (or gelatin)/sodium alginate bi-component.

Wherein the ionized fermentation base liquid comprises pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis liquid, bacillus secondary fermentation liquid and composite additive components. Wherein the composite additive component mainly comprises an inorganic salt component.

Specifically, the ionized fermentation base fluid is prepared by the following steps: the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid and the bacillus secondary fermentation liquid are mixed according to the proportion of 1-5:1, mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixed solution; based on the weight of the mixed solution, adding calcium chloride or calcium nitrate as a soluble calcium ion source (for rapid gelation in the subsequent step), and uniformly mixing potassium fulvate, monopotassium phosphate and/or calcium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid as a pH regulator to obtain the ionized fermentation base solution.

Specifically, the two-component gel base solution is prepared by the following steps:

under the condition of heating water bath, adding auxiliary coagulation component (PVA or gelatin) into notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, stirring to completely dissolve auxiliary coagulation component to obtain solution, naturally cooling, adding sodium alginate to the solution to 0.5-3wt% (preferably 0.5-1.5%), continuously stirring to uniformity, and cooling to 35-45 ℃ to obtain gelatin or polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate double-component gel base liquid.

In the invention, the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid and the notoginseng enzymolysis residues are prepared by the following steps:

1) Drying dried pseudo-ginseng leaves (or stem and leaf residues after saponin extraction), removing impurities, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, preserving heat, soaking, boiling, and performing pulping treatment to obtain pseudo-ginseng pulping liquid.

2) Adding amylase into the slurry for enzymolysis; then adding cellulase and hemicellulase for enzymolysis, inactivating the enzymolysis liquid, and cooling. Performing solid-liquid separation by double-layer gauze filtration or plate pressure filtration, collecting filtrate, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate. Drying the obtained residue, and then crushing; obtaining the notoginseng enzymolysis residues or residue powder.

The notoginseng enzymolysis liquid is rich in organic components such as glucose, rhamnose, notoginseng polysaccharide and the like, and the notoginseng polysaccharide mainly comprises starch hydrolysate, galactose, arabinose, xylose, mannose and other sugar components, and can be used as a source of culture medium carbohydrate and a fermentation substrate in the fermentation production process without adding a large amount of additional sugar. Meanwhile, the compound fertilizer can also be used as a water-soluble fertilizer component of the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer including base fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.

In the invention, the bacillus secondary fermentation liquid and the solid fermentation preparation are prepared by the following steps:

(1) Preparing strain fermentation liquor: the strain can be at least one selected from saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus licheniformis, phosphorus bacteria or azotobacter. Bacillus species are preferred, such as Bacillus subtilis or Brevibacillus laterosporus.

Wherein, based on the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, soluble metal salt and other fermentation auxiliary components, seed culture liquid is prepared. Then inoculating strain suspension (such as bacillus laterosporus strain) into the seed culture solution, and shake culturing to obtain primary seed solution and/or secondary seed culture solution; and finally, filling seed culture medium liquid into a seed tank, and inoculating the seed culture liquid in the shake flask into the seed tank for expansion culture to obtain bacillus primary fermentation liquor.

(2) Solid state fermentation: mixing Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysis residue powder, superfine crushed straw powder (such as corn stalk or sugarcane stalk powder, sieving with 200 mesh sieve), and optionally appropriate amount of organic compound additive (at least one selected from starch or sucrose, plant ash, bone meal or soybean meal powder; preferably comprising starch or sucrose, plant ash, soybean meal powder), uniformly to obtain solid culture medium, and sterilizing for use. In solid state fermentation, the fermentation liquid is poured into a solid culture medium to perform solid state fermentation (preferably, the liquid addition amount is 50-100% of the weight of the solid): solid state fermentation is carried out for 16-24 hours under the aerobic condition; during which the moisture content of the fermentation material is maintained at not less than 30wt% by supplementing the moisture.

(3) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation after fermentation is finished, and collecting filtrate to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor for later use. And drying the solid material obtained by filtration to obtain the solid fermentation preparation.

In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation, which comprises the following main steps:

(1) Preparing Notoginseng radix enzymolysis solution and Notoginseng radix enzymolysis residue based on Notoginseng radix waste material (stem and leaf etc. non-main medicinal parts, or Notoginseng radix plant extraction residue);

(2) Based on the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid and the notoginseng enzymolysis residues as main components, preparing a secondary fermentation liquid containing bacteria and a solid fermentation preparation by fermentation;

(3) Preparing a large-particle carrier rich in Gao Guan through holes by taking notoginseng enzymolysis residue powder, a solid fermentation preparation, attapulgite powder and a pore-forming agent as main raw materials;

(4) Based on pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis liquid, preparing ionized fermentation base liquid by taking bacteria-containing secondary fermentation liquid as a main component; preparing a hydrogel-holding matrix from the ionized fermentation base liquid and a bi-component gel containing a high molecular polymer; preferably, the two-component gel is polyvinyl alcohol (or gelatin)/sodium alginate two-component;

(5) Performing pore gelation filling treatment on the large-particle carrier to obtain a supported pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation; optionally, the surface coating treatment may be performed after the gel filling treatment.

In the invention, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps S1-S5:

s1) preparing a pseudo-ginseng enzymatic hydrolysate and pseudo-ginseng enzymatic residues by enzymolysis:

s1-1: drying stem and leaf parts of dried radix Notoginseng (or residue of stem and leaf after extraction of saponin), removing impurities, pulverizing, sieving with 100-200 mesh sieve, mixing with water, soaking at 50-60deg.C for 120-180min, boiling for 15-30min, pulping in pulping machine to obtain radix Notoginseng pulping liquid, and cooling for use.

S1-2: amylase is added into the slurry, and enzymolysis is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the pH value of 7. Adding cellulase and hemicellulase, performing shake enzymolysis at pH 6.5 and 45-50deg.C for 3 hr, inactivating enzyme, cooling to room temperature, and adjusting pH to neutrality. Performing solid-liquid separation by double-layer gauze filtration or plate pressure filtration, collecting filtrate, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain water-soluble Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate rich in sugar. Optionally, the ratio of the volume of the enzymolysis liquid to the raw material is controlled to be 1-2ml/g dry raw material.

Drying the obtained residue, and then crushing; obtaining crushed notoginseng enzymolysis residues or residue powder.

The notoginseng zymolyte (zymolyte and zymolyte residue) contains a plurality of inorganic and organic substances required by the growth of notoginseng, and can also be used as a source of carbohydrate components of a culture medium in the subsequent fermentation production process, and a large amount of additional sugar is not required to be added.

S2) preparing a bacteria-containing secondary fermentation liquor and a solid fermentation preparation by enzymolysis:

s2-1: the strain can be at least one selected from saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, phosphorus bacteria and azotobacter. Preferably at least one of Bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus or Bacillus licheniformis. In the invention, bacillus is used as a preferred strain.

Seed culture (1L for example) was prepared: 500-700 ml of notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, 50-100ml of soluble metal salt solution (each L comprises 3-5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2-3g of calcium superphosphate, 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05-0.1 g of manganese sulfate), 5-10 g of glucose, 10-15g of beef extract, 3-5g of yeast powder, 0.5-1g of ammonium sulfate, 2-3g of sodium chloride, 1.5-2 g of sodium phosphate and 3-5g of betaine, adjusting the pH value to 6.8, adding distilled water to fix the volume to 1000ml, heating for dissolution, and steam sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min. Seed culture solution was prepared according to the above ratio.

Seed culture: illustratively, a 1X 108CFU/ml strain suspension (e.g., bacillus licheniformis, ATCC No. 11946) was inoculated into a seed culture solution at an inoculum size of 5% by volume in a flask, and shake-cultured at 32℃for 12 hours with a shaking table at 200r/min to obtain a primary seed solution; inoculating the obtained primary seed solution into a seed culture solution according to 10% of inoculation amount in a shake flask, and shake culturing at 25 ℃ for 24 hours by a shaking table at 200r/min to obtain a secondary seed culture solution;

Seed pot culture: filling seed culture medium liquid into a seed tank, inoculating the secondary seed culture liquid in a shake flask into the seed tank according to 10-15% of inoculation amount, and culturing at 35 ℃ with the dissolved oxygen level controlled at 32-35% for 16-24h. Obtaining the bacillus primary fermentation liquor.

S2-2: solid state fermentation:

1) Preparing a solid state fermentation medium: 100 (20-30) of notoginseng enzymatic hydrolysis residue powder (5-10), superfine crushed straw powder (such as corn straw or sugarcane straw powder, crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve) and organic composite additive (containing starch or sucrose, plant ash, bone meal or soybean meal powder) are uniformly mixed to obtain a solid culture medium, and the solid culture medium is sterilized at high temperature.

2) And (3) pouring the primary fermentation liquid into a solid culture medium for solid fermentation: filling the solid fermentation culture medium into a sterile constant-temperature solid fermentation tank or fermentation tank, spraying the bacillus primary fermentation liquid into the solid culture medium, fully stirring uniformly, and performing solid fermentation at 36 ℃ under aerobic conditions; during the process, the water is supplemented to ensure that the mass content of the water in the whole fermentation material is 30-50%, and the center temperature in the fermentation material is kept not to exceed 55 ℃ by turning over and stirring regularly;

3) After fermentation, plate pressure filtration is carried out for solid-liquid separation, and filtrate is collected to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor. And drying the solid material obtained by filtration until the water content is lower than 5%, and crushing to obtain the solid fermentation preparation.

The obtained solid fermentation preparation contains a notoginseng enzymolysis component and a fiber component, is also rich in bacterial cells of bacillus licheniformis, various vitamins, minerals, small peptides, organic acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and other organic matters and inorganic salts, and can effectively promote the seedling and growth of notoginseng as a notoginseng fertilizer component.

S3) preparing a large-particle carrier rich in high through holes (namely a communicated honeycomb carrier):

s3-1: sieving the clean and dry attapulgite powder with a 200-600 mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder; based on the weight part ratio, 50-60 parts of dried notoginseng enzymolysis residues, 20-30 parts of the attapulgite powder and 5-10 parts of the prepared solid fermentation preparation (optionally, a proper amount of plant ash such as corn stalk ash can be included), 0.5-5 parts of pore-forming agent (preferably sodium bicarbonate), 1-3 parts of bonding auxiliary agent (such as industrial pregelatinized starch) are mixed and fully stirred uniformly to obtain a dry solid material for standby;

s3-2: based on the weight portion ratio, adding degradable organic polymer adhesive (such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone) into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid to make the mass fraction of the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid be 0.3-1.5-wt%, adding potassium fulvate to make the mass fraction of the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid be 0.1-1-wt%, stirring the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid in water bath, and uniformly mixing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid to obtain the adhesive organic matrix liquid containing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid. Cooling to room temperature for standby.

S3-3: mixing the dry solid material powder with an adhesive organic matrix liquid at room temperature (according to the weight ratio of not less than 1:1, for example, the weight ratio of 1-2:1, preferably 1-1.5:1), fully stirring and wetting, adding ammonium bicarbonate particles or coated ammonium bicarbonate particles accounting for 0.5-5wt% of the weight of the dry solid material in the stirring process, and uniformly stirring to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry; preferably, the slurry is controlled to have a solids content of no more than 75wt% (preferably 50-65%) and is granulated in a granulator (e.g. a disk granulator) to a diameter of about 3-20mm to give spherical macroparticles, preferably. Phi. 5-10mm.

Alternatively, the mixed slurry soft material can be extruded into columnar particles and then prepared into spheres in a spherical shot blasting machine.

Optionally, a small amount of tween 60 or 80 is added as a shaping aid.

Preferably, coated ammonium bicarbonate particles are employed to reduce particle dissolution during agitation. The coating component can be made of common materials in the field, such as resin, paraffin, polyethylene, grease, tween-20, polydimethylsiloxane, sulfur coating, or degradable organic polymer materials such as ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, urea formaldehyde and the like. Illustratively, coated particles are prepared using a 5-10% low density polyethylene resin toluene solution, spray-on-mist or ebullated bed coating, and drying. Further preferably, a degradable organic polymer material is selected as the coating material, such as urea formaldehyde, polyvinyl alcohol urea phosphate, polyvinyl alcohol and the like.

In this step, it is not necessary to consider whether the ammonium bicarbonate is completely decomposed; in a subsequent step, not completely decomposed ammonium bicarbonate is also a beneficial inorganic fertilizer component.

In one embodiment, polyvinyl alcohol is used as the coating material. When polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is dissolved, PVA materials are added into room temperature water under stirring, after being uniformly dispersed, the temperature is raised to accelerate dissolution, so as to obtain 1-5wt% of polyvinyl alcohol solution, the polyvinyl alcohol solution is used for spraying solid particles, and then the solid particles are quickly dried, so that PVA coated ammonium bicarbonate particles are obtained. Illustratively, technical grade PVA is selected, with a surface polymerization degree of 1700 and an alcoholysis degree of 88%.

S3-4: the spherical particles are subjected to gradient sectional pore-forming treatment, and the steps are as follows:

firstly, slowly heating (for example, 0.5-1.5 ℃/min) from room temperature to 30-35 ℃, and preserving heat for 10-30min to perform primary pore-forming treatment. And then heating to 50-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 30-60min to perform through pore-forming treatment.

And naturally cooling to room temperature after pore forming treatment to obtain a spherical carrier crude product with an enlarged volume and rich through holes. Taking the complete product, and drying for later use.

Optionally, a proper amount of uniform spraying coating can be carried out on the spherical carrier skeleton by adopting a degradable high molecular polymer, which is favorable for maintaining the complete skeleton form in the subsequent step and reducing dissolution. Polyvinyl alcohol or celluloses are preferably used as the coating main material. Illustratively, the coating materials are: based on the weight part ratio, the coating material comprises the following components: 70-80 parts of water, 5-15 parts of ethanol, 2-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-3 parts of tween and 0.5-2 parts of polydimethylsiloxane.

S4) preparing ionized fermentation base solution and hydrogel-holding matrix containing high molecular polymer

S4-1: preparing ionized fermentation base solution: mixing the prepared Notoginseng radix enzymolysis solution with bacillus secondary fermentation solution according to the ratio of 1-3:1 to obtain a mixed fermentation base solution; based on the weight of the mixed fermentation base liquid, 1-5wt% (preferably 1-3 wt%) of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate is added as soluble calcium ion source (for promoting quick gelation), 0.1-0.5 wt% of potassium fulvate, 0.5-1.5wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 wt% of boric acid are uniformly mixed to obtain the ionized fermentation base liquid.

S4-2: preparing gel base solution:

under the water bath condition, PVA or gelatin is added into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, heated and stirred to be completely dissolved, 0.3-1wt% (preferably 0.3-0.5%) of solution is obtained, and naturally cooled to 40-50 ℃; adding sodium alginate to the solution to 0.5-1.5wt%, stirring to uniformity, and cooling to 35-40deg.C to obtain bi-component gel base solution containing sodium alginate, i.e. gel matrix.

Preferably, the sodium alginate is selected from high M-type products (for example, the polymerization degree is 600-800 in the invention), so as to increase the gel elasticity. The PVA or gelatin auxiliary gel component is added, so that after the carrier impregnated gel is cooled, a slightly stable semi-gel state is formed, and the loss of gel matrix in the pores of the carrier when the excessive gel liquid is removed before the crosslinking step is effectively avoided. While contributing to the strength enhancement of the crosslinked network formed in the subsequent step.

S5) filling the carrier pores into the network gel

Under the water bath condition, adding the large-particle carrier into the gel base liquid to enable the pores of the large-particle carrier to completely impregnate the gel base liquid, cooling to room temperature or 5-20 ℃, and fishing out the carrier or pouring out the redundant gel base liquid; then adding the carrier into the ionized fermentation base liquid under stirring (water bath at 30-40 ℃); illustratively, the amount of the ionizing fermentation base liquid is 0.5 to 1.5 times (preferably 0.5 to 1 times) the mass ratio of the above-mentioned impregnated gel base liquid. Continuously stirring or oscillating for crosslinking for 3-15min (preferably 3-10 min) to make the internal pores of the carrier fully contact with the fermentation base liquid and crosslink and gel; cooling in ice bath or naturally cooling to room temperature after the gel reaction is finished, separating and taking out the carrier, and draining the water to obtain a large-particle supported pseudo-ginseng fertilizer preparation preform with the networking gel filled inside; naturally drying or drying by hot air to obtain the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation in solid form.

The residual gel base solution and the ionized fermentation base solution can be repeatedly used for a plurality of times.

Optionally, the obtained water-holding pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation in a solid state can be further subjected to the following surface coating treatment steps (degradable environment-friendly slow-release coating):

S6) placing the dried pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation particles into a fluidized bed, atomizing a coating solution (such as 1-2wt% PVA solution or PVA/ethyl cellulose=2wt%/1wt% composite solution) by a high-pressure feed pump, uniformly spraying the surfaces of the particle preparation, and then carrying out ventilation drying; optionally, the surface of the fertilizer particles is sprayed for a plurality of times to prepare the water-holding type pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation with the surface being subjected to slow-release coating treatment.

In a third aspect, the invention also provides an application or use of the prepared supported pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation as a pseudo-ginseng planting fertilizer, wherein the preparation is used as a base fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng planting.

In another aspect, the invention also provides application or use of the prepared solid fermentation preparation containing the notoginseng enzymolysis residues as a notoginseng planting fertilizer.

In a fourth aspect, the invention also provides an application or use of the prepared notoginseng enzymolysis liquid or ionized fermentation base liquid as a notoginseng fertilizer, which is used as a foliar fertilizer or a liquid base fertilizer for notoginseng planting.

The fertilizer can be used as a main fertilizer or an auxiliary fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng planting, and the dosage of the fertilizer can be selected according to actual conditions; for example, reference is made to the amount of microbial or organic fertilizers generally used in the art. The specific amounts thereof are easily determined by those skilled in the art based on actual planting and the prior art.

The invention combines the carrier through holes with the filled water holding gel, not only overcomes the defects that the carrier of the existing microbial fertilizer lacks plant growth nutrition components and has poor degradability, but also has larger size so that the root of the pseudo-ginseng can go deep into the root taking carrier, and the gel network in the carrier can form liquid gel which wraps thalli and various organic matters and inorganic nutrition components under the condition of irrigation or other sufficient moisture, and continuously slowly releases various nutrition components and improves the root soil microenvironment; the moisture content of the root microenvironment of the pseudo-ginseng can be kept permanently under the drying condition through the water-retaining effect of the gel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention also comprises the following beneficial technical effects:

1) According to the growth characteristics and root characteristics of pseudo-ginseng, the invention provides a supported compound fertilizer preparation suitable for pseudo-ginseng planting based on waste materials such as stem leaves and the like and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation has a through honeycomb structure, and a water-holding gel matrix filled in the preparation can absorb water to swell and fill in honeycomb pores under the condition of sufficient moisture to form gel ball units with the size. The macroporous structure of the carrier is suitable for the penetration of the fibrous root of the pseudo-ginseng, and the nutrition gel units with the internal size distribution form a good microenvironment for the root. In the prior art, the microbial fertilizer containing the carrier generally utilizes the microporous structure of the carrier material, and cannot be suitable for the penetration of fibrous roots into the carrier. And it is more difficult to easily form gel ball units inside the pores thereof.

In addition, unlike the prior art that gel is generally adopted to directly coat fertilizer particles or solid carriers (the coating obviously influences the release of nutrient components of the fertilizer or the carriers, and gel films are easy to crack or disintegrate under the action of external force in the soil turning and cultivating process), the invention adopts the carrier framework with the exoskeletal support effect to coat the gel units rich in inorganic and organic matters, thereby effectively avoiding the damage to the structure of the hydrogel units in the soil turning and cultivating process, ensuring that the gel units can keep the relative stability of moisture and solute components in the gel units in dry or wet environments, meeting the requirements of the fibrous root respiration of pseudo-ginseng and the moisture, and further having the effects of promoting the propagation of microorganism bacteria and relatively longer water retention and fertilizer slow release, and further improving the soil structure. This is also the innovation of the present invention for microbial fertilizer formulations.

2) The carrier of the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer preparation is rich in larger through holes, depends on the combined pore-forming and gradient pore-forming effects of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate, and makes the inside of the carrier generate multistage holes with different sizes and penetrate through the holes by means of the gradient sectional pore-forming and thermal decomposition temperature difference, so that the deep penetration of gel liquid is facilitated; the pore-forming agent is adopted only to easily produce a pore effect similar to that of steamed bread fermentation, and different pores cannot be further enlarged and effectively communicated, so that the subsequent gel crosslinking step is difficult to penetrate into the pores, and the gel network is limited to only occur on the surface (namely, similar effect of steamed bread scalp).

In addition, the main components of the carrier of the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer preparation are pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis residues and fermentation materials, and by adding the attapulgite clay and the high-molecular polymer organic binder, a framework with high mechanical strength can be effectively formed to serve as a support and provide pseudo-ginseng fermentation nutrients, inorganic components such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and the like which are added can be continuously released, and the carrier can be continuously maintained in water-containing soil to form a crosslinked network gel structure with sodium alginate molecules, so that the long-acting integrated effect of the carrier fertilizer and framework combination is realized.

3) The invention mainly uses natural fermentation components and degradable substances in the preparation process, thereby avoiding the use and residue of chemical reagents. In the preparation of the carrier, the notoginseng enzymolysis residues, the solid fermentation preparation powder based on the notoginseng enzymolysis residues and exogenous nutrient components (potassium fulvate, organic additives and the like) are mainly adopted for doping and combining, and compared with the prior art, the method for loading microorganisms or nutrient components on the surface by adopting an impregnation method only can enable the nutrient components and thalli to be deeply inserted into the carrier framework, and the effect that the fermentation components are continuously present/slowly released when the carrier is not broken is generated in the fertilization period; meanwhile, with the propagation of internal living bacteria and the gradual release of nutrients, the carrier strength gradually decreases to produce the effect of final degradation. Therefore, the improvement of the combination of the secondary utilization of the pseudo-ginseng byproducts or wastes and the strength of the framework structure of the carrier is one of the main innovation points of the invention.

4) The pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation of the invention contains the liquid-holding type gel units with different sizes, and each gel unit can absorb and retain the organic solute liquid in a swelling state, so that the outside of the carrier can be coated with gel, i.e. the surface coating of gel is unnecessary. Compared with the fertilizer preparation of the external/surface coated gel in the prior art, the hydrogel unit combination under the protection and support of the external carrier has better dual effects of liquid retention and nutrition slow release, and simultaneously does not influence the utilization rate of fertilizer components of the carrier, namely, the whole utilization rate of the fertilizer preparation can be coordinated and promoted with the carrier, and the microenvironment of soil and root systems can be improved. In addition, the multi-through hole structure of the preparation is particularly suitable for the field planting and extension of fibrous roots and lateral root systems of pseudo-ginseng plants, so that the bead-type field planting of root hairs of the pseudo-ginseng is formed, and the growth of root systems of the pseudo-ginseng is facilitated; even when the soil is insufficient in moisture, the moisture stored in the gel unit in the carrier can still ensure the moisture and nutrition supply of the root microenvironment.

5) The carrier framework layer structure still has porosity, can adsorb dissolved ions and free water molecules in the gel, and is used as a buffer for material exchange between the gel and soil; the carrier skeleton can also adsorb soil microorganisms, and can degrade the carrier to further increase the soil porosity by combining with living bacteria carried by the fertilizer preparation, so that the carrier skeleton plays a role in improving the soil and enhancing the water retention capacity of the soil.

Meanwhile, gel components such as sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol have excellent biodegradability, so that soil pollution can be avoided, and soil degradation and fertility reduction can not be caused.

6) In the preparation method, the method adopts a mode of adding the ion fermentation liquor, so that the rapid permeation of the ion liquor can be realized, and the high calcium ion concentration can rapidly promote the crosslinking reaction with sodium alginate (calcium ions can promote the gelation crosslinking of alginate, which is well known in the art), thereby avoiding the dissolution loss of the carrier to the greatest extent. Finally, the invention fully utilizes the pseudo-ginseng waste residues as the natural fermentation raw materials, and the fermentation liquor has no emission of fermentation waste liquid, and belongs to a pollution-free green preparation process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a carrier of a fertilizer preparation prepared in example 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included will be more readily understood. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.

Example 1

(1) Taking the rest pseudo-ginseng leaves after harvesting pseudo-ginseng roots in a planting field, airing, further drying with hot air, removing impurities, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, taking about 20kg of materials, mixing with 60L of water, preserving heat and soaking for 120min at 60 ℃, boiling for 30min, pulping in a pulping machine to obtain pseudo-ginseng pulping liquid, and cooling for later use. 200g of alpha-amylase is added into the slurry, and the enzymolysis is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the pH value of 7. Then adding 300g of cellulase and 100g of hemicellulase, stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ under the condition of pH 6.5, inactivating enzyme at 100 ℃ for 5min, cooling to room temperature, and regulating the pH to be neutral. Filtering with double-layer gauze, performing solid-liquid separation, collecting filtrate, evaporating and concentrating to 20L (about 1g:1ml, dry weight of raw material/enzymolysis liquid), to obtain water-soluble Notoginseng radix enzymolysis liquid rich in sugar. Drying the obtained solid residue, pulverizing, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve to obtain Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysis residue (or residue powder).

The preparation method can be used for expanding the proportion or preparing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid in batches according to the steps, and collecting the notoginseng enzymolysis residues.

(2) Preparing a solid fermentation preparation:

preparation of seed culture (1L): 500 ml of the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, 50ml of soluble metal salt solution (comprising 3g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2g of calcium superphosphate, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 0.05 g of manganese sulfate), 5g of glucose, 12g of beef extract, 5g of yeast powder, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 2g of sodium chloride, 1.5 g of sodium phosphate, 3g of betaine, adjusting the pH value to 6.8, adding distilled water to a volume of 1000ml, heating and dissolving, and steam sterilizing for 20min at 121 ℃. Seed culture solutions were prepared at each liter of the above ratio.

Seed culture: 1X 10 to be formulated ⁸ CFU/ml strain solution (Bacillus licheniformis, ATCC No. 11946, commercially available) was inoculated into 1000ml seed culture solution in an inoculum size of 5% in a shake flask, and shake-cultured at 32℃for 12 hours with a shaking table of 200r/min to obtain a primary seed solution; inoculating the obtained primary seed solution into 5000ml seed culture solution according to 10% inoculum size, shake culturing at 25deg.C with 200r/min shaking table for 24 hr to obtain secondary seed culture solution; filling seed culture solution into a 50L seed tank, inoculating the secondary seed culture solution in a shake flask into the seed tank according to 12% of inoculation amount, and culturing at 35 ℃ with the dissolved oxygen level controlled at 32-35% for 16-24h. Obtaining the bacillus primary fermentation liquor.

Preparing a solid state fermentation medium: uniformly mixing Notoginseng radix enzymolysis residue powder, superfine crushed corn stalk powder (sieved by a 200-mesh sieve) and organic composite additive (containing 1 part by weight of sucrose, 2 parts by weight of plant ash and 2 parts by weight of soybean meal powder in a weight ratio of 100:30:5) to obtain about 13.5kg of solid culture medium; sterilizing at high temperature for standby.

Filling the solid fermentation culture medium into a sterile constant-temperature solid fermentation box or fermentation tank, spraying 6.8kg of the bacillus primary fermentation liquid into the solid culture medium, fully stirring uniformly, and performing solid fermentation at 36 ℃ under aerobic condition for 24 hours; during the process, the water is supplemented to ensure that the whole water mass content of the fermentation material is kept about 50%, and the center temperature in the fermentation material is kept not to exceed 55 ℃ by turning over and stirring regularly; after fermentation, plate pressure filtration is carried out for solid-liquid separation, and filtrate is collected to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor for standby.

And (3) drying the solid material obtained by filtration until the moisture content is lower than 5%, and crushing to obtain the solid fermentation preparation based on the main component of pseudo-ginseng.

(3) Preparing a carrier:

sieving clean and dry attapulgite clay powder with 400 mesh sieve, and feeding coarse particles into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization, and sieving to obtain attapulgite clay powder; 10.5kg of dried notoginseng enzymatic hydrolysis residue powder, 5kg of attapulgite powder, 2kg of the solid fermentation preparation prepared by the steps, 0.1kg of sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent and 0.2kg of pregelatinized starch are mixed and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain a dry solid material for later use.

Adding polyvinyl alcohol into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid prepared in the steps to make the mass fraction of the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid be 1. 1 wt%, adding potassium fulvate to make the mass fraction of the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid be 0.5 wt%, stirring the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid in a water bath at 40-45 ℃ and uniformly mixing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid to obtain adhesive organic matrix liquid containing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid matrix. Cooling to room temperature for standby.

Mixing 10kg of the dry solid material powder with 8kg of adhesive organic matrix liquid at room temperature, fully stirring and wetting, uniformly scattering 450g of polyvinyl alcohol coated ammonium bicarbonate particles in the stirring process, and uniformly stirring to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry; granulating in a granulator to obtain substantially solid spherical granules, wherein the diameter is controlled to be 5-10mm.

(4) The heat treatment comprises the following steps: first, in a heating furnace, the temperature is slowly raised (0.5 ℃ C./min) from room temperature to 35 ℃ C., and the temperature is kept for 15min. Next, the mixture was heated to 55℃at a heating rate of 1.5℃per hour and was kept at the temperature for 60 minutes. Naturally cooling to room temperature, removing the broken product (which can be reserved and does not affect the use), and drying to obtain about 7.2kg of spherical carrier crude product with expanded volume and hollow and porous inside. And (5) standby.

(5) Pore gelation filling:

5.1 Preparing a pseudo-ginseng base impregnation liquid: mixing the prepared Notoginseng radix enzymolysis solution with bacillus secondary fermentation solution according to the following ratio of 3:1 to obtain about 8L of mixed solution; 210g of calcium chloride, 25g of potassium fulvate, 100g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.2g of boric acid are added into the mixed solution and uniformly mixed to obtain an ionized fermentation base solution.

5.2 Preparing a gel base solution: under the water bath condition, adding 25g of PVA into about 7L of pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis liquid, stirring at 95 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVA, obtaining PVA solution, and naturally cooling to 50 ℃; 55g of sodium alginate is added into the PVA solution, stirring is continued until the mixture is uniform, and the mixture is cooled to about 42 ℃ to obtain a gel base solution of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate.

5.3 Maintaining the water bath temperature condition, adding 7kg of the carrier obtained in the step (4) into the gel base solution, completely soaking the carrier, cooling the carrier to room temperature, and taking out the carrier; then adding the mixture into the prepared ionized fermentation base liquid (about 5L, water bath 35 ℃) under stirring, and slowly stirring for crosslinking for 5min; cooling to room temperature, separating and taking out the carrier, and draining water to obtain a preparation material with the network hydrogel filled inside; and drying by hot air to remove water in the gel, thereby obtaining the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation solid 1 with the carrier coated gel structure. The morphology of the preparation carrier is shown in fig. 1, and the preparation carrier has more through macropores, and can effectively and rapidly impregnate and fill a gel matrix compared with a microporous material.

Example 2

(1) Removing about 98kg of dry fibrous roots and stem leaves of Notoginseng radix, pulverizing, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, adding 420kg of water, soaking at 60deg.C for 120min, boiling for 30min, pulping in pulping machine to obtain Notoginseng radix pulping liquid, and cooling for use. 1kg of alpha-amylase is added into the slurry, and enzymolysis is carried out for 2 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the pH value of 7. Then adding 1.2kg of cellulase and 0.5kg of hemicellulase preparation, stirring and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ under the condition that the pH value is 6.5, then placing the enzymolysis liquid at the temperature of 100 ℃ for enzyme deactivation for 5 minutes, cooling to room temperature, and regulating the pH value to be neutral. And (3) performing solid-liquid separation by plate pressure filtration, collecting filtrate, evaporating and concentrating to about 95kg to obtain the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid. Drying the obtained solid residue, pulverizing, and sieving with 200 mesh sieve to obtain Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysis residue (or residue powder).

(2) Preparing a solid fermentation preparation:

seed culture broth was prepared and cultured to obtain bacillus primary broth according to the method of example 1.

Preparing a solid state fermentation medium: uniformly mixing the notoginseng enzymolysis residue powder, the superfine crushed corn stalk powder (passing through a 200-mesh sieve) and an organic composite additive (the proportion of the components in the embodiment 1) according to the weight ratio of 20:5:1 to obtain about 52kg of solid culture medium; sterilizing at high temperature for standby.

Filling the solid fermentation culture medium into a sterile constant-temperature solid fermentation tank or fermentation tank, pouring 40L of the bacillus primary fermentation liquid into the solid culture medium, fully stirring uniformly, and performing solid fermentation at 36 ℃ under aerobic condition for 24 hours; during the process, the water is supplemented to ensure that the mass content of the water in the whole fermentation material is about 45%, and the center temperature in the fermentation material is kept not to exceed 55 ℃ by turning over and stirring regularly; after fermentation, plate pressure filtration is carried out for solid-liquid separation, and filtrate is collected to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor for standby.

And (3) drying and crushing the solid material obtained by filtering to obtain the solid fermentation preparation based on the pseudo-ginseng component.

(3) Preparing a carrier: sieving clean and dry attapulgite clay powder with 400 mesh sieve, and feeding coarse particles into a pulverizer for secondary pulverization, and sieving to obtain attapulgite clay powder; 50kg of dry notoginseng enzymatic hydrolysis residue powder, 20kg of attapulgite powder, 10kg of the solid fermentation preparation prepared by the steps, 1kg of sodium bicarbonate pore-forming agent and 3kg of pregelatinized starch are mixed and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain a dry solid material for standby. Adding 0.5kg of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.22kg of potassium fulvate into 45L of the pseudo-ginseng enzymatic hydrolysate prepared in the steps, stirring and uniformly mixing at the temperature of 45 ℃ in a water bath to obtain an adhesive organic matrix liquid containing the pseudo-ginseng enzymatic hydrolysate matrix. Cooling to room temperature for standby.

Mixing 50kg of the dry solid material powder with 35kg of the adhesive organic matrix liquid at room temperature, fully stirring and wetting, uniformly scattering 2.5kg of polyvinyl alcohol coated ammonium bicarbonate particles in the stirring process, and uniformly stirring to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry; granulating to obtain basically solid spherical granules, wherein the diameter is controlled to be 5-10mm.

(4) And (3) heat treatment: first, in a heating furnace, the temperature is slowly raised (0.5 ℃ C./min) from room temperature to 35 ℃ C., and the temperature is kept for 15min. Next, the mixture was heated to 60℃at a heating rate of 2℃per hour and kept at the temperature for 45 minutes. Naturally cooling to room temperature, and carrying out ventilation drying to obtain a spherical carrier crude product with hollow and porous inside.

(5) Pore gelation filling:

5.1 Preparing a pseudo-ginseng base impregnation liquid: the prepared notoginseng enzymolysis liquid and bacillus secondary fermentation liquid are mixed according to the following ratio of 2:1 to obtain about 21L of mixed solution; to the above mixed solution, 0.6kg of calcium chloride, 0.1kg of potassium fulvate, 0.3kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5g of boric acid were added and mixed uniformly to obtain an ionized fermentation base solution.

5.2 Preparing a gel base solution: adding 120g of gelatin into about 20L of Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate under water bath condition, stirring at 95deg.C to dissolve gelatin completely to obtain gelatin solution, and naturally cooling to 50deg.C; 180g of sodium alginate is added into the gelatin solution, stirring is continued until uniform, and the mixture is cooled to about 42 ℃ to obtain gelatin/sodium alginate double-component gel base solution.

5.3 Maintaining the water bath temperature condition, taking 20kg of the carrier crude product obtained in the step (4), adding the carrier crude product into the gel base solution, completely soaking the carrier crude product, cooling the carrier crude product to 20 ℃, and taking out the carrier; then adding the mixture into the prepared ionized fermentation base solution (18L, heating to 35 ℃ in a water bath) under stirring, and carrying out crosslinking for 6min under a slight shaking condition; cooling to room temperature, separating and taking out the carrier, and draining water to obtain a preparation material with the network hydrogel filled inside; and (5) drying by hot air to obtain the pseudo-ginseng compound fertilizer preparation solid 2 with the carrier-coated gel structure.

Comparative example 1

The method of example 1 was performed, wherein the raw material portion was replaced with deionized water for the Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate and the dried corn stalk powder was replaced with the Notoginseng radix enzymatic residue; the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Taking dry corn straw, removing impurities, crushing and sieving with a 200-mesh sieve to obtain corn straw powder.

(2) Seed culture broth was prepared and seed culture was performed according to the method of example 1, in which deionized water was used instead of notoginseng hydrolysate, and the remaining components and proportions were unchanged.

A solid state fermentation medium was prepared and solid state fermented as in example 1: wherein the crushed corn stalk powder is used for replacing the notoginseng enzymolysis residue powder, and the rest components and the proportion are unchanged. After fermentation, plate pressure filtration is carried out for solid-liquid separation, and filtrate is collected to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor. And (3) drying and crushing the solid material obtained by filtering to obtain the solid fermentation preparation.

(3) The remaining steps including the preparation of the carrier and the pore gelation filling step were performed in accordance with the method of example 1, wherein the raw material portion was replaced with deionized water instead of the Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate and the dried corn stalk powder was replaced with the Notoginseng radix enzymatic residue. Thus, compound fertilizer formulation D1 of this comparative example was obtained.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is prepared as a microbial compound fertilizer coated on the surface of a gel film. The main procedure is the same as in comparative example 1, except that a conventional coating treatment is employed. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) 10.5kg of dry corn stalk powder, 5kg of attapulgite powder and 2kg of the solid fermentation preparation prepared by the method of the comparative example 1 and 0.2kg of pregelatinized starch are mixed and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain a dry solid material for later use. Adding polyvinyl alcohol into deionized water to make the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol be 1-wt%, adding potassium fulvate to make the mass fraction of the potassium fulvate be 0.5 wt%, stirring the mixture in a water bath at 40-45 ℃ and uniformly mixing the mixture to obtain adhesive matrix liquid. Cooling to room temperature for standby.

Mixing 10kg of the dry solid material powder with 8kg of adhesive matrix liquid at room temperature, fully stirring and wetting, uniformly scattering 450g of ammonium bicarbonate particles in the stirring process, and uniformly stirring to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry; granulating in a granulator to obtain a solid spherical granule carrier (5 mm diameter), and drying.

(2) Deionized water and bacillus secondary fermentation broth prepared according to the method of comparative example 1 were mixed according to a ratio of 3:1 to obtain 8L of mixed solution; 210g of calcium chloride, 25g of potassium fulvate, 100g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.2g of boric acid are added into the mixed solution and uniformly mixed to obtain an ionized fermentation base solution. 7kg of the dry carrier obtained in the step (1) is added to the ionized fermentation base liquid so that the carrier is fully impregnated with the carrier, and then the carrier is taken out to drain water.

(3) Under the water bath condition, adding 25g of PVA into 7L of deionized water, stirring at 95 ℃ to completely dissolve the PVA, obtaining PVA solution, and naturally cooling to 50 ℃; 55g of ethyl cellulose is added into the PVA solution, stirring is continued until uniform, and cooling is carried out to about 42 ℃ to obtain the coating base solution.

(4) Fully coating the surface of the carrier by the coating base liquid through a high-pressure spray gun; and (3) carrying out ventilation drying, and controlling the water content to be not more than 10%, thereby obtaining about 7.3kg of compound fertilizer preparation D2.

Effect example 1 Performance test

The testing method of the compression resistance of the fertilizer preparation comprises the following steps: the swollen fertilizer granules 20 with similar granule sizes (about 10 mm) were randomly extracted, the pressure at which they disintegrated was measured one by one, and the average value of the readings of the pressure gauge was taken as the compressive strength (unit N).

External stress resistance (stress resistance for short) test: 300g of each fertilizer formulation after swelling by water absorption was spread on a covered tray with a layer of large-particle sand (size 3-5 mm) on the bottom, and vibrated at high frequency (200 rpm) on a shaker for 100 seconds (simulating soil turnover), and then the weight of the formulation having a substantially complete shape was taken out and weighed, thereby calculating the ratio of the remaining complete formulation weight to the initial weight (%, the lower the ratio representing a higher weight loss ratio, that is, representing a more serious breakage). The average was taken three times per group.

The liquid holding test specifically comprises the following steps: weighing 100g of each dried fertilizer preparation, draining surface moisture after full gel swelling, weighing and calculating the water net weight W0 of each group of preparation; the water net weight W1 of each set of formulations was then measured and calculated after one week by standing in a 28 ℃ incubator at 50% constant ambient humidity, thus calculating the corresponding water loss rate (higher water loss rate means worse water retention, 100% loss rate means fully dry). The average was taken three times per group. The test results of each of the above fertilizer formulations are shown in table 1.

Among them, the honeycomb-structured fertilizer formulations of examples 1-2 and comparative example 1 have higher compression resistance and liquid holding property due to structural characteristics, and thus are significantly higher than those of ordinary particles or surface-coated particles. Comparative example 2 used a surface coating so that the surface gel was essentially totally broken in the stress resistance test, but did not represent a complete loss of moisture from the gel.

As shown in table 1, the fertilizer preparation prepared by the invention has the advantages of high compressive strength and difficult influence of external mechanical stress due to special structural design, and the carrier framework has higher strength, can effectively protect gel units with low internal strength, further remarkably enhances the overall strength of the fertilizer, and remarkably enhances the liquid holding property (water-retaining property). The nutrients in the highly liquid-holding gel unit can continue to slowly diffuse out of the gel network by dynamic water exchange.

Effect example 2

Planting test

The Notoginseng radix planting soil matrix is selected from medium-meta-acid sandy soil with pH of 6.6 without planting Notoginseng radix and with altitude of 1500m in mountain of Yunnan province, and is fully crushed, sun-exposed and sieved for use. The conditions of the basic nutrients of the soil are as follows: the organic matter is about 16.4/g/kg, the total phosphorus content is about 0.53 percent, and the total potassium content is 0.86 percent.

The seedling raising method of the pseudo-ginseng comprises the following steps: building a seedling raising frame in the shadow shed; filling the soil matrix mixed fertilizer preparation or the control preparation into a ceramic seedling raising groove (or a permeable seedling raising tray), and placing the soil with the depth of 25-30cm on a seedling raising frame; the mixing ratio of the solid fertilizer preparation to the soil matrix was carried out with reference to the amount of organic fertilizer, 8wt% was added based on the dry weight of the soil matrix. Wherein, except for the fertilizer formulation in examples, the conventional fertilizer (reference control group fertilizer) used as a control was prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight (in weight): 40 parts of fine river sand, 20 parts of corn straw powder, 20 parts of wormcast, 15 parts of plant ash and 5 parts of ground phosphate rock (the total phosphorus content is about 22.5%). The blank group was replaced with only an equal weight of fine river sand without any fertilizer components added.

Slightly compacting the mixed seedling substrate before seedling raising, then spot-sowing the sterilized and soaked pseudo-ginseng seeds in a seedling raising groove, wherein the plant row spacing is 5X5cm, the seeds are 0.5-1cm into the substrate, and the surface is covered with a layer of shallow soil and covered with a layer of dry pine needles; watering by sprinkling irrigation fully, supplementing water at any time in the later period to keep the water content of the matrix at a lower limit value (about 23-25%), and simulating a slight water shortage state; the air humidity in the environment is maintained at about 75%, and the transmittance is about 30%.

Fertilization of pseudo-ginseng: starting topdressing when the emergence rate of pseudo-ginseng reaches more than 90%, and then carrying out topdressing once every 1.5 months (the degradation period of the preparation) with the standard of 20g/m2 for each topdressing amount and the topdressing depth within 5cm (from the surface layer); regular and regular insect and disease prevention management. Measurement of pseudo-ginseng growth indexes: and (3) periodically observing, randomly extracting 50 healthy pseudo-ginseng plants from each group after the leaf expanding period is finished (255 days after sowing in the embodiment), measuring parameters such as plant height, middle leaf length/width, underground root weight (full root fresh weight) and the like, and taking an average value. The results are shown in Table 2 below (data from each group have differential significance).

The data in the table above show that the pseudo-ginseng plant growth parameters of the example group are significantly better than those of the comparative group and the blank group (the example 2 group is better than the example 1 group, probably caused by the difference of components such as potassium content, etc.) under different fertilizer application and the same cultivation conditions. Although the fertilizer formulation of comparative example 1 had substantially the same structure as examples 1-2, the differences in composition (lack of notoginseng enzymatic organics, as well as other trace elements in the enzymatic substrate) indicated that notoginseng enzymatic products (as compared to other organics) could promote plant growth as a beneficial organic component. Meanwhile, in the experimental group (examples 1-2 and comparative example 1) containing the special gel unit of the present invention in a slightly water-deficient state, the growth state of plants was more excellent, while the growth states of the control group and the blank group without holding the hydrogel were worse, and the lack of sufficient water was one of the main causes except for the difference of the nutritional components. In general, the soil matrix added with the fertilizer preparation with the specific structure of the invention has the growth parameters on the overground and underground of plants which are obviously higher than those of the fertilizer group with the traditional fertilizer and common preparation structure due to the existence of the notoginseng enzymolysis organic matters and the special structure.

Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer based on natural fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(S1) performing enzymolysis on the stem and leaf or stem and root residues after saponin extraction on the basis of pseudo-ginseng stems and leaves to prepare pseudo-ginseng enzymatic hydrolysate and pseudo-ginseng enzymatic residues;

(S2) preparing a bacillus secondary fermentation liquid and a solid fermentation preparation based on the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid and the notoginseng enzymolysis residues through fermentation;

(S3) preparing a large-particle carrier rich in high through holes by taking pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis residue powder, a solid fermentation preparation, attapulgite powder and a pore-forming agent as raw materials;

(S4) preparing ionized fermentation base solution based on pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis solution and bacteria-containing secondary fermentation solution; preparing a two-component gel base solution;

(S5) performing pore gelation filling treatment on the large-particle carrier to obtain the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer;

the specific operation of step (S1) is as follows:

1) Drying dried stem leaves of Notoginseng radix or stem leaves and root residues after saponin extraction, removing impurities, pulverizing, sieving with 100-200 mesh sieve, mixing with water, soaking at 50-60deg.C for 120-180min, boiling for 15-30min, pulping in pulping machine to obtain Notoginseng radix pulping liquid, and cooling for use;

2) Adding amylase into the slurry, and performing enzymolysis for 2 hours at the temperature of 65 ℃ and the pH value of 7; adding cellulase and hemicellulase, performing shake enzymolysis at pH 6.5 and 45-50deg.C for 3 hr, inactivating enzyme, cooling to room temperature, and regulating pH to neutrality; performing solid-liquid separation by double-layer gauze filtration or plate pressure filtration, collecting filtrate, and evaporating and concentrating to obtain water-soluble Notoginseng radix enzymatic hydrolysate;

drying the obtained residue, and then carrying out crushing treatment to obtain pseudo-ginseng enzymolysis residue powder;

the specific operation of step (S2) is as follows:

1) Preparing a seed culture solution, wherein each liter of the seed culture solution comprises: 500-700 ml parts of notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, 50-100ml of soluble metal salt solution, 5-10g of glucose, 10-15g of beef extract, 3-5g of yeast powder, 0.5-1g of ammonium sulfate, 2-3g of sodium chloride, 1.5-2 g parts of sodium phosphate, 3-5g of betaine, adjusting the pH value to 6.8, adding distilled water to a volume of 1000ml, heating for dissolution, and steam sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 20min; wherein each liter of the soluble metal salt solution contains 3-5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2-3g of superphosphate, 0.5-1g of magnesium sulfate and 0.05-0.1 g of manganese sulfate;

2) Seed culture: inoculating the strain suspension into a seed culture solution, and shake culturing at 32 ℃ with a shaking table of 200r/min for 12 hours to obtain a primary seed solution; inoculating the obtained primary seed solution into a seed culture solution, and shake culturing at 25deg.C with a shaking table of 200r/min for 24 hr to obtain a secondary seed culture solution; the strain is selected from bacillus;

inoculating the secondary seed culture solution into a seed tank, controlling the culture temperature to be 35 ℃, controlling the dissolved oxygen level to be 32-35%, and culturing for 16-24h; obtaining bacillus primary fermentation liquor;

3) Preparing a solid state fermentation medium: uniformly mixing 100 (20-30) of notoginseng enzymolysis residue powder (5-10), superfine crushed straw powder and an organic composite additive in weight ratio to obtain a solid fermentation culture medium, and sterilizing at high temperature;

4) Leaching the bacillus primary fermentation liquid into a solid fermentation medium for solid fermentation: filling the solid fermentation culture medium into a sterile constant-temperature solid fermentation tank or fermentation tank, pouring the bacillus primary fermentation liquid into the solid fermentation culture medium, fully stirring uniformly, performing solid fermentation at 36 ℃ under aerobic condition, and periodically stirring to keep the central temperature inside the fermentation material at 55 ℃ by supplementing water so that the total water content of the fermentation material is 30-50%;

after fermentation, filtering to perform solid-liquid separation, and collecting filtrate to obtain bacillus secondary fermentation liquor; drying the obtained solid material, and pulverizing to obtain a solid fermentation preparation;

the specific operation of step (S3) is as follows:

1) Sieving the clean and dry attapulgite powder with a 200-600 mesh sieve to obtain attapulgite powder; based on the weight portion ratio, 50 to 60 portions of dried notoginseng enzymolysis residues, 20 to 30 portions of the attapulgite powder, 5 to 10 portions of the prepared solid fermentation preparation, 0.5 to 5 portions of sodium bicarbonate and 1 to 3 portions of bonding auxiliary agent are mixed and fully and uniformly stirred to obtain a dry solid material for standby;

2) Based on the weight portion ratio, adding a degradable organic polymer adhesive into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid to enable the mass fraction of the adhesive to be 0.3-1.5wt%, adding potassium fulvate to enable the mass fraction of the adhesive to be 0.1-1wt%, stirring in a water bath, uniformly mixing to obtain an adhesive organic matrix liquid containing the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, and cooling to room temperature;

3) Mixing the dry solid material powder with an adhesive organic matrix liquid at room temperature, fully stirring and wetting, adding ammonium bicarbonate particles or coated ammonium bicarbonate particles accounting for 0.5-5wt% of the dry solid material in the stirring process, uniformly stirring to obtain semi-solid mixed slurry, and granulating or ball-blasting in a granulator to obtain spherical particles with the diameter of 3-20 mm;

4) Carrying out gradient sectional pore-forming treatment on the obtained spherical particles: firstly, slowly heating to 30-35 ℃ from room temperature, preserving heat for 10-30min, secondly, heating to 50-60 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃/h, preserving heat for 30-60min, and carrying out through pore-forming treatment;

naturally cooling to room temperature after pore-forming treatment to obtain a large-particle carrier rich in through holes, and drying for later use;

the specific operation of step (S4) is as follows:

1) Preparing ionized fermentation base solution: mixing the Notoginseng radix enzymolysis solution with bacillus secondary fermentation solution according to the ratio of 1-3:1 to obtain a mixed fermentation base solution; based on the weight of the mixed fermentation base solution, adding 1-5wt% of calcium chloride or calcium nitrate, 0.1-0.5 wt% of potassium fulvate, 0.5-1.5wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.01-0.05 wt% of boric acid, and uniformly mixing to obtain an ionized fermentation base solution;

2) Preparing a two-component gel base solution: under the water bath condition, adding PVA or gelatin into the notoginseng enzymolysis liquid, heating and stirring to completely dissolve the PVA or gelatin to obtain 0.3-1wt% solution, and naturally cooling to 40-50 ℃; adding sodium alginate to the solution to 0.5-1.5wt%, continuously stirring to uniformity, and cooling to 35-40 ℃ to obtain a bi-component gel base solution containing sodium alginate;

the specific operation of step (S5) is as follows:

under the water bath condition, adding the large particle carrier rich in the through holes into the bi-component gel base solution to enable the pores of the large particle carrier to completely impregnate the gel base solution, and then cooling the gel base solution to room temperature or 5-20 ℃, and fishing out the carrier or pouring out the redundant gel base solution; then adding the carrier into the ionized fermentation base liquid under the conditions of stirring and water bath heating, and continuously stirring or oscillating for crosslinking for 5-15min; and cooling in ice bath or naturally cooling to room temperature, separating and taking out the carrier, draining water, and naturally drying or drying by hot air to obtain the pseudo-ginseng fertilizer in the form of a solid preparation.

2. The fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng obtained by the preparation method according to claim 1.

3. Use of the fertilizer for pseudo-ginseng according to claim 2, in pseudo-ginseng planting as a main fertilizer or an auxiliary fertilizer.