CN116350737B - 一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物及其制备方法，按重量份计，包括以下原料：姜根油5‑10份、维生素0.1‑0.3份、中药提取液30‑40份、鱼油1‑2份、泡叶藻粉15‑25份、滑石粉3‑7份、β‑环糊精5‑15份。该组合物切合牛场养殖实际应用，组方和工艺简单，可以提高奶牛机体免疫力、提高营养利用效率，进而达到降低奶牛胎衣不下的目的，同时能够减少产后多种繁殖疾病的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于兽药技术领域，具体涉及一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
母牛产犊后12h仍未排出胎衣，称为胎衣不下。本病是奶牛最常见的产科疾病之一，据不完全的调查，发病率在18%-25%之间，给奶牛业造成严重危害，可继发子宫内膜炎，导致产间距延长，甚至屡配不孕，降低奶牛经济效益，还可造成奶牛流产或者引起乳房炎和代谢疾病的发生。因此，预防和治疗胎衣不下，是奶牛生产中不可忽视的问题。
胎衣不下的病因具有不确定性和复杂性，双生、流产、早产、难产及孕期营养不均衡，高温季节及生产过度，低血钙等均可导致该病的发生，这给其防治带来一定的难度，也阻碍了本病的临床治疗研究。以往常常采取激素治疗或手术疗法，效果均不理想。中兽医在临床实践中对中草药防治奶牛胎衣不下虽然积累了丰富的经验和技术基础，但由于中兽医辩证论的个体化诊疗特点，目前尚缺乏基于奶牛胎衣不下的群体防治手段，不利于群体推广应用。
现有技术中降低奶牛胎衣不下主要是通过激素注射治疗、抗生素治疗或中草药治疗。中药治疗以补气益血为主，佐以行滞祛寒、利水消肿的中药方剂治疗。归芎益母散是针对奶牛血瘀型胎衣不下研制的中兽药新药，具有“活血化瘀、行气止痛”功效，由益母草、当归、川芎、红花和甘草等中药组成。该方在补气、养血、促进机体血液循环、增强子宫收缩机能的同时也可大幅提高血液中白细胞吞噬病原微生物的能力，增强子宫上皮去腐生新的能力，不仅能促进胎衣、恶露排出，还能有效地预防子宫内膜炎发生。中国专利公开号为CN101757157A以当归、川芎、桃仁、益母草、赤芍、艾叶、党参、黄芪为组方治疗奶牛恶露不尽；中国专利公开号为CN102895646A则以当归，川芎、桃仁、生姜、黄芪、益母草、车前子、甘草、茯苓、枳壳、红糖治疗繁殖母牛胎衣不下等。为了保证母牛产后恢复，组方中即含有大量活血化瘀的药物，同时还含有补气温经、散瘀止痛的药物，使得整个药材组分十分复杂，有些组方甚至含有二十多种药材，药材用量较大，这导致药物制备过程繁琐，价格高昂，并有可能增加含有毒副作用的不良杂质，影响用药安全，也对牛奶的安全食用具有潜在的风险。
因此研发高效、安全、便捷、廉价的治疗奶牛胎衣不下的组合物具有较为重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物及其制备方法，该组合物切合牛场养殖实际应用，组方和工艺简单，可以提高奶牛机体免疫力、提高营养利用效率，进而达到降低奶牛胎衣不下的目的，同时能够减少产后多种繁殖疾病的发生。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，按重量份计，包括以下原料：
姜根油5-10份、维生素0.1-0.3份、中药提取液30-40份、鱼油1-2份、泡叶藻粉15-25份、滑石粉3-7份、β-环糊精5-15份。
优选的，按重量份计，包括以下原料：姜根油6-8份、维生素0.2-0.3份、中药提取液35-40份、鱼油1-2份、泡叶藻粉20-25份、滑石粉5-7份、β-环糊精10-15份。
优选的，按重量份计，包括以下原料：姜根油7份、维生素0.3份、中药提取液38份、鱼油1.5份、泡叶藻粉20份、滑石粉5份、β-环糊精12份。
优选的，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；所述鱼油为鳀鱼油、鲱鱼油、鲑鱼油中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述中药提取液按重量份计包括以下原料：益母草20-30份、五灵脂15-20份、茶叶10-15份、柴胡5-15份、车前子10-20份、乌蕨30-40份。
优选的，所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取益母草、五灵脂、茶叶、柴胡、车前子和乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入益母草、五灵脂、茶叶、柴胡、车前子和乌蕨总重量5倍量的水，浸渍30-50min后进行一次提取，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入益母草、五灵脂、茶叶、柴胡、车前子和乌蕨总重量3倍量的水，进行二次提取，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液。
优选的，所述一次提取的温度为90-100℃，提取时间为2-3h；所述二次提取的温度为85-95℃，提取时间为1-2h。
优选的，所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得所述姜根油。
本发明还保护一种所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
（1）本发明提供的预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，将中药提取液与动植物精油协同作用，其中，中药提取液具有清热解毒、抑菌消炎、活血化淤、收敛止血、改善血液循环、增强子宫收缩，以及增强机体免疫力的功效，并且药物残留低，无毒刺激性低，并兼有药物与营养剂的双重功效；姜根油具有消炎止痛、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、镇咳、保肝利胆、抗动脉粥样硬化、防晕止吐、保护胃黏膜、对中枢神经抑制等多种功效；鱼油中的有效成分为鱼油多烯脂酸，主要有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)，可明显地抑制血小板聚集作用，有一定的抗凝血作用，能使淤血消散于无形而不伤气分，活血破瘀，通经消积，与益母草和五灵脂起协同作用，修复子宫内膜损伤，减少子宫内膜感染，从而减少胎衣不下的发生率。
（2）本发明提供的预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，中药提取液具有抗菌、抗炎和促进血液循环等作用，其中，益母草能够加强子宫平滑肌的收缩，促进子宫内异物的排除，并有抑菌作用，能有效减轻感染；五灵脂具有抑制血小板聚集、增加冠脉流量、降低冠脉阻力、降血压、抗应激性损伤、抗炎、抗菌及增强免疫等功效；茶叶具有强心利尿，抗菌消炎，收敛止泻之功效；柴胡具有清热解热作用、镇静、镇痛、抗菌消炎之功效；车前子具有清热利尿通淋，渗湿止泻，明目，祛痰的功效；乌蕨具有清热、解毒、利湿、止血之功效，乌蕨中含有大量黄酮类、酚酸类、挥发必成分，现代研究表明，乌蕨具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、保肝等作用；本发明中药提取液中药味数少，但由于科学合理配伍，同时具有补气活血、清热解毒、抗菌消炎的功效，并有效利用了药物间的协同作用，具有效颉颃炎症早期阶段的毛细血管通透性增加和有效抑制慢性非特异性反应，对炎症组织的增生有抑制作用，对胎衣不下、子宫内膜炎具有较好的预防效果。
（3）本发明提供的预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，泡叶藻粉可促进子宫收缩，提高母牛子宫收缩力，有效使胎儿胎盘与母体胎盘失去联系，提高胎衣顺利排出的机率；β-环糊精将姜根油、鱼油与中药成分协同增效，促进机体吸收精油和中药成分，促进精油和中药成分发挥药物功效，预防胎衣不下的症状；本发明中中药方剂的配伍与其它原料的协同作用，使组合物具有增强机体免疫力、促进奶牛子宫收缩和恢复、活血化瘀、抗菌消炎等功能，且制备工艺简单、易操作，临床效果显著。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
所述鳀鱼油购自陕西冠晨生物科技有限公司，有效成份30%；所述泡叶藻粉购自西安优硕生物科技有限公司，提取比例为10:1，目数为80目；所述滑石粉购自河北光辉实业有限公司，目数为325目；各味中草药均购自药店。
实施例1
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，包括以下原料：姜根油7kg、维生素0.3kg、中药提取液38kg、鳀鱼油1.5kg、泡叶藻粉20kg、滑石粉5kg、β-环糊精12kg；
其中，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取3kg益母草、2kg五灵脂、1.5kg乌龙茶茶叶、1.5kg柴胡、2kg车前子和4kg乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入70kg水，浸渍50min后在100℃下提取2h，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入42kg水，在95℃下提取1h，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液；
所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得所述姜根油。
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鳀鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
实施例2
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，包括以下原料：姜根油5kg、维生素0.1kg、中药提取液30kg、鳀鱼油1kg、泡叶藻粉15kg、滑石粉3kg、β-环糊精5kg；
其中，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取2kg益母草、1.5kg五灵脂、1kg乌龙茶茶叶、0.5kg柴胡、1kg车前子和3kg乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入45kg水，浸渍30min后在95℃下提取2.5h，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入27kg水，在90℃下提取1.5h，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液；
所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得所述姜根油。
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鳀鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
实施例3
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，包括以下原料：姜根油10kg、维生素0.3kg、中药提取液40kg、鳀鱼油2kg、泡叶藻粉25kg、滑石粉7kg、β-环糊精15kg；
其中，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取2.5kg益母草、1.5kg五灵脂、1kg乌龙茶茶叶、1kg柴胡、1.5kg车前子和3.5kg乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入55kg水，浸渍40min后在90℃下提取3h，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入33kg水，在85℃下提取2h，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液；
所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得所述姜根油。
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鳀鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
对比例1
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，包括以下原料：维生素0.3kg、中药提取液38kg、泡叶藻粉20kg、滑石粉5kg、β-环糊精12kg；
其中，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取3kg益母草、2kg五灵脂、1.5kg乌龙茶茶叶、1.5kg柴胡、2kg车前子和4kg乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入70kg水，浸渍50min后在100℃下提取2h，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入42kg水，在95℃下提取1h，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液。
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将β-环糊精、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
该对比例与实施例1相比，未加入姜根油和鳀鱼油。
对比例2
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，包括以下原料：姜根油7kg、维生素0.3kg、中药提取液38kg、鳀鱼油1.5kg、泡叶藻粉20kg、滑石粉5kg、β-环糊精12kg；
其中，所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按配方重量称取3kg益母草、1.5kg乌龙茶茶叶、1.5kg柴胡和2kg车前子，混合均匀后，加入40kg水，浸渍50min后在100℃下提取2h，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入24kg水，在95℃下提取1h，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得所述中药提取液；
所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得所述姜根油。
一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鳀鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物。
该对比例与实施例1相比，中药提取液中未加入五灵脂和乌蕨。
应用例
在黑龙江省某集约化养殖牧场，选取胎龄相近产前生产性能相似还有15天临产的母奶牛100头，平均分为4组，实施例1组饲喂含有本发明实施例1制备的组合物的饲料（组合物添加量为饲料的1%），对比例1组饲喂含有本发明对比例1制备的组合物的饲料（组合物添加量为饲料的1%），对比例2组喂含有本发明对比例2制备的组合物的饲料（组合物添加量为饲料的1%），对照组饲喂正常饲料，持续饲喂20天，其余均按养殖场饲养管理标准进行，观察奶牛产犊后胎衣情况。
判断标准：产后10日的子宫状态和胎衣排出情况，其中阴道检查发现部分胎衣滞留在阴道内，子宫颈闭锁，勉强能通过两指，诊断为胎衣不下，直肠检查发现子宫仍有恶露或脓性分泌物排出，子宫庞大或子宫壁肿胀，子宫复原差，迟缓，含有大量液体，按摩子宫体、子宫颈和阴道前部会促使恶臭分泌物流出则判定子宫复旧不全。试验结果如下表1：
表1
| 胎衣不下发生率 | 子宫复旧不全发生率 | |
| 实施例1组 | 4% | 4% |
| 对比例1组 | 20% | 28% |
| 对比例2组 | 16% | 32% |
| 空白组 | 28% | 44% |
试验结果表明，与空白组和对比例1-2组相比，本发明的10日胎衣不下率和子宫复旧不全发生率均显著降低，说明本发明制备的组合物能够有效的预防奶牛胎衣不下及产生子宫复旧不全病例的发生，疗效显著。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，其特征在于，按重量份计，由以下原料组成：
姜根油5-10份、维生素0.1-0.3份、中药提取液30-40份、鳀鱼油1-2份、泡叶藻粉15-25份、滑石粉3-7份、β-环糊精5-15份；
所述维生素为质量比为1:1的维生素A和维生素E混合物；
所述中药提取液按重量份计由以下原料制成：益母草20-30份、五灵脂15-20份、乌龙茶叶10-15份、柴胡5-15份、车前子10-20份、乌蕨30-40份；其制备方法如下：按配方重量称取益母草、五灵脂、乌龙茶叶、柴胡、车前子和乌蕨，混合均匀后，加入原料总重量5倍量的水，浸渍30-50min后进行一次提取，过滤后得一次提取液，随后向滤渣中加入原料总重量3倍量的水，进行二次提取，过滤后得二次提取液，合并两次的提提取液，浓缩至1/2体积，冷却后即得；
所述姜根油的制备方法如下：将新鲜的生姜洗净，切丝后于50℃的恒温干燥箱内干燥12h，之后粉碎得到生姜粉，取1kg生姜粉加入20L无水乙醇，在75℃下提取4h，自然冷却后过滤得滤液，将滤液进行真空旋转蒸发，待无水乙醇蒸干后，剩余油状物放入-15℃下冷藏24h，待油状物恢复室温后通过0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，其特征在于，按重量份计，由以下原料组成：姜根油6-8份、维生素0.2-0.3份、中药提取液35-40份、鳀鱼油1-2份、泡叶藻粉20-25份、滑石粉5-7份、β-环糊精10-15份。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，其特征在于，按重量份计，由以下原料组成：姜根油7份、维生素0.3份、中药提取液38份、鳀鱼油1.5份、泡叶藻粉20份、滑石粉5份、β-环糊精12份。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物，其特征在于，所述一次提取的温度为90-100℃，提取时间为2-3h；所述二次提取的温度为85-95℃，提取时间为1-2h。
5.一种如权利要求1-4任一项所述预防奶牛胎衣不下的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
按照配方称取原料，将姜根油、鳀鱼油混合均匀，随后加入β-环糊精，搅拌均匀后得到混合物；将混合物、维生素、泡叶藻粉、滑石粉混合均匀，接着加入中药提取液，搅拌均匀后，即得。
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