CN116344190A - 烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦及其制备方法和应用，该辐射瓦的制备包括以下步骤：提供钕铁硼黑片；夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，高温热处理的同时缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片至设计角度后，获得瓦型黑片；将所述瓦型黑片经过酸洗、电镀后制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。该制备方法可以改善原单片磁瓦产品的磁场分布，使得辐射瓦呈辐射充磁，使得磁场得到有效利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦制备技术领域，具体涉及一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，以及由该制备方法制得的烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦，还涉及该烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的应用。
背景技术
永磁伺服电机由于效率高、功耗小、精度高，在世界范围内应用广泛，其内部的永磁铁，是决定永磁伺服电机的重要的核心部件；具体的说，永磁伺服电机通常采用高性能钕铁硼永磁体提供气隙磁场。
目前，永磁伺服电机的永磁体大多是采用平行径向方向的单片瓦拼装而成的多极永磁环，通过其和转子粘接等配合方式共同构成电机主体。但这种永磁环存在着几何中心与磁场中心不重合、表磁分布不均匀(呈锯齿状)以及各磁瓦性能差异等缺点，容易造成磁极波动大、输出信号波动较大的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明有必要提供一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，该制备方法可以改善原单片磁瓦产品的磁场分布，使得辐射瓦呈辐射充磁，使得磁场得到有效利用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明首先提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
提供钕铁硼黑片；
夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，高温热处理的同时缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片至设计角度后，获得瓦型黑片；
将所述瓦型黑片经过酸洗、电镀后制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
进一步方案，所述钕铁硼黑片的制备包括以下步骤：
根据产品组成配料、熔炼，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢再脱氢，获得粗粉；
将所述粗粉气流磨获得细粉；
将所述细粉压制成型、烧结，获得方块毛坯；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片。
进一步方案，所述熔炼的温度为1100-1500℃。
进一步方案，所述脱氢的温度为300-600℃。
进一步方案，所述气流磨的压力为0.4MPa-0.7MPa。
进一步方案，所述压制成型的工艺为：将所述细粉置于模具中，控制生坯密度在3.8g/mm3-4.1g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.4-4.6g/mm3。
进一步方案，所述烧结的工艺具体为：将压制成型的生坯先于1050-1080℃中烧结3-5h，然后经850-950℃回火1-3h后，再于450-650℃回火2-5h。
进一步方案，所述瓦型黑片的制备工艺具体为：夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，在真空环境中以4-6℃/min升温速率加热至900-1000℃，随后再以1-3℃/min升温速率加热至1030-1080℃；然后开始缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片，达到设计角度后停止扭转并脱模，冷却，制得瓦型黑片；
优选地，所述扭转速度为0.2-0.5°/min；
优选地，所述设计角度为0°-45°。
本发明进一步公开了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦，采用如前所述的制备方法制得。
本发明还公开了如前所述的烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦在永磁伺服电机中的应用。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
针对现有的磁瓦多为由方块切割或者直接压制而成，磁力线呈平行发散，同时由于角度问题，在装配时需要两片及以上磁瓦进行配合，导致磁场得不到有效利用。本发明通过高温保压和扭转的工艺将方片加工至设计的角度，使得一块磁瓦即可完美贴合装配件，同时方片取向方向也会随着扭转而转变，从而使磁场呈现辐射状得到有效利用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一典型实施例中扭转工艺前的加工示意图；
图2为图1中扭转工艺后得到的烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的结构示意图。
图中：1-钕铁硼黑片；2-扭转夹具；3-辐射瓦。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的，不是旨在于限制本发明。
本发明第一方面公开了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
提供钕铁硼黑片；
夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，高温热处理的同时缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片至设计角度后，获得瓦型黑片；
将所述瓦型黑片经过酸洗、电镀后制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
进一步方案，本文中所述的钕铁硼黑片是指未电镀前的烧结钕铁硼磁片，其具体的制备工艺可采用本领域中的常规手段，在本发明的一些具体的实施例中，所述钕铁硼黑片的制备包括以下步骤：
根据产品的原料组成配料、熔炼，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢再脱氢，获得粒径在45-200μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉气流磨获得粒径在3.0-4.0μm的细粉；
将所述细粉压制成型、烧结，获得方块毛坯；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片。
其中，具体的加工参数可根据实际情况进行调整，在本发明的一些典型的实施例中，所述熔炼的温度为1100-1500℃；所述脱氢的温度为300℃-600℃；所述气流磨的压力为0.4MPa-0.7MPa；所述压制成型的工艺为：将所述细粉置于模具中，控制生坯密度在3.8g/mm3-4.1g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.4g/mm3-4.6g/mm3；所述烧结的工艺具体为：将压制成型的生坯先于1050℃-1080℃中烧结3-5h，然后经850℃-950℃回火1-3h后，再于450℃-650℃回火2-5h。
进一步的，所述瓦型黑片的制备工艺具体为：夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，并开始抽真空，在真空度达到≤5.0*E-2后开始加热，以4℃-6℃/min升温速率加热至900℃-1000℃，随后再以1℃-3℃/min升温速率加热至1030℃-1080℃；然后开始缓慢扭转(0.2-0.5°/min)所述钕铁硼黑片，达到设计角度0°-45°后停止扭转并脱模，冷却，制得瓦型黑片。
图1和图2中分别示出了扭转工艺前的加工示意图以及扭转工艺后的辐射瓦示意图。
本发明第二方面提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦，采用如本发明第一方面所述的制备方法制得，该烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的辐射取向度高、表面磁通密度分布均匀。
本发明第三方面提供了如本发明第二方面所述的烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦在永磁曳引机中的应用。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明，需要说明的是，下面的具体实施例仅仅是用于说明的目的，而不以任何方式限制本发明的范围，另外，如无特别说明，未具体记载条件或者步骤的方法均为常规方法，所采用的试剂和材料均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
本实施例中提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
制备钕铁硼黑片
根据产品的PrNd20B0.98Al0.5Cu0.1Co0.1Zr0.2Ce12Fe余原料组成配料，将配好的原料于1400℃熔炼浇铸，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢后于600℃脱氢，获得粒径在100μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉在0.5MPa压力下进行气流磨获得粒径在3.0μm的细粉；
将所述细粉倒入方块模具中压制成型，控制生坯密度在3.9g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.5g/mm3；将生坯放入真空烧结炉中经1050℃烧结6h，然后经890℃回火2h以及540℃回火4h后得到所述方块毛坯产品；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片F70×30×4mm，倒角R0.3mm。
制备烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦
将制得的钕铁硼黑片放入相匹配的热压夹具中，在5.0*E-2真空环境中以5℃/min升温速率加热到1000℃，进一步的再以2℃/min升温速率加热到1040℃，进一步的使夹具开始缓慢进行扭转，黑片在夹具中以0.5°/min扭转成型，在达到10°的设定角度后停止扭转并脱模。进一步的在真空环境下以2℃/min的冷却速率下缓慢冷却以防产生裂纹；冷却完成后取出产品得到所述瓦型黑片产品，最后酸洗后电镀，制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
实施例2
本实施例中提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
制备钕铁硼黑片
根据产品的PrNd27B0.98Al0.5Cu0.1Co0.1Zr0.2Ce5Fe余原料组成配料，将配好的原料于1450℃熔炼浇铸，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢后于600℃脱氢，获得粒径在80μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉在0.5MPa压力下进行气流磨获得粒径在3.0μm的细粉；
将所述细粉倒入方块模具中压制成型，控制生坯密度在3.95g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.5g/mm3；将生坯放入真空烧结炉中经1050℃烧结6h，然后经890℃回火2h以及540℃回火4h后得到所述方块毛坯产品；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片F20×20×3mm，倒角R0.3mm。
制备烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦
将制得的钕铁硼黑片放入相匹配的热压夹具中，在5.0*E-2真空环境中以3℃/min升温速率加热到950℃，进一步的再以2℃/min升温速率加热到1030℃，进一步的使夹具开始缓慢进行扭转，黑片在夹具中以0.3°/min扭转成型，在达到15°的设定角度后停止扭转并脱模。进一步的在真空环境下以2℃/min的冷却速率下缓慢冷却以防产生裂纹；冷却完成后取出产品得到所述瓦型黑片产品，最后酸洗后电镀，制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
实施例3
本实施例中提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
制备钕铁硼黑片
根据产品的PrNd32B0.98Al0.5Cu0.1Co0.1Zr0.2Fe余原料组成配料，将配好的原料于1500℃熔炼浇铸，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢后于600℃脱氢，获得粒径在60μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉在0.5MPa压力下进行气流磨获得粒径在3.0μm的细粉；
将所述细粉倒入方块模具中压制成型，控制生坯密度在4.0g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.5g/mm3；将生坯放入真空烧结炉中经1060℃烧结6h，然后经890℃回火2h以及500℃回火4h后得到所述方块毛坯产品；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片F30×20×3mm，倒角R0.3mm。
制备烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦
将制得的钕铁硼黑片放入相匹配的热压夹具中，在5.0*E-2真空环境中以5℃/min升温速率加热到950℃，进一步的再以2℃/min升温速率加热到1050℃，进一步的使夹具开始缓慢进行扭转，黑片在夹具中以0.5°/min扭转成型，在达到20°的设定角度后停止扭转并脱模。进一步的在真空环境下以1.5℃/min的冷却速率下缓慢冷却以防产生裂纹；冷却完成后取出产品得到所述瓦型黑片产品，最后酸洗后电镀，制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
实施例4
本实施例中提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
制备钕铁硼黑片
根据产品的PrNd32B0.98Al0.5Cu0.1Co0.1Zr0.2Fe余原料组成配料，将配好的原料于1100℃熔炼浇铸，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢后于300℃脱氢，获得粒径在45μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉在0.4MPa压力下进行气流磨获得粒径在3.5μm的细粉；
将所述细粉倒入方块模具中压制成型，控制生坯密度在3.8g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.4g/mm3；将生坯放入真空烧结炉中经1050℃烧结5h，然后经850℃回火3h以及450℃回火5h后得到所述方块毛坯产品；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片F20×20×3mm，倒角R0.3mm。
制备烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦
将制得的钕铁硼黑片放入相匹配的热压夹具中，在5.0*E-2真空环境中以4℃/min升温速率加热到900℃，进一步的再以1℃/min升温速率加热到1030℃，进一步的使夹具开始缓慢进行扭转，黑片在夹具中以0.2°/min扭转成型，在达到10°的设定角度后停止扭转并脱模。进一步的在真空环境下以1.5℃/min的冷却速率下缓慢冷却以防产生裂纹；冷却完成后取出产品得到所述瓦型黑片产品，最后酸洗后电镀，制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
实施例5
本实施例中提供了一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
制备钕铁硼黑片
根据产品的PrNd27B0.98Al0.5Cu0.1Co0.1Zr0.2Ce5Fe余原料组成配料，将配好的原料于1500℃熔炼浇铸，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢后于500℃脱氢，获得粒径在200μm的粗粉；
将所述粗粉在0.7MPa压力下进行气流磨获得粒径在4.0μm的细粉；
将所述细粉倒入方块模具中压制成型，控制生坯密度在4.1g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.6g/mm3；将生坯放入真空烧结炉中经1080℃烧结3h，然后经950℃回火1h以及650℃回火2h后得到所述方块毛坯产品；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片F20×20×3mm，倒角R0.3mm。
制备烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦
将制得的钕铁硼黑片放入相匹配的热压夹具中，在5.0*E-2真空环境中以6℃/min升温速率加热到1000℃，进一步的再以3℃/min升温速率加热到1080℃，进一步的使夹具开始缓慢进行扭转，黑片在夹具中以0.3°/min扭转成型，在达到45°的设定角度后停止扭转并脱模。进一步的在真空环境下以2℃/min的冷却速率下缓慢冷却以防产生裂纹；冷却完成后取出产品得到所述瓦型黑片产品，最后酸洗后电镀，制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
提供钕铁硼黑片；
夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，高温热处理的同时缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片至设计角度后，获得瓦型黑片；
将所述瓦型黑片经过酸洗、电镀后制得烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述钕铁硼黑片的制备包括以下步骤：
根据产品组成配料、熔炼，获得铸片；
将所述铸片采用氢破工艺先吸氢再脱氢，获得粗粉；
将所述粗粉气流磨获得细粉；
将所述细粉压制成型、烧结，获得方块毛坯；
将所述方块毛坯经过切割、磨削、煮料、倒角，获得钕铁硼黑片。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述熔炼的温度为1100-1500℃。
4.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述脱氢的温度为300-600℃。
5.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述气流磨的压力为0.4MPa-0.7MPa。
6.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述压制成型的工艺为：将所述细粉置于模具中，控制生坯密度在3.8g/mm3-4.1g/mm3，再进行等静压得到生坯密度在4.4-4.6g/mm3。
7.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结的工艺具体为：将压制成型的生坯先于1050-1080℃中烧结3-5h，然后经850-950℃回火1-3h后，再于450-650℃回火2-5h。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述瓦型黑片的制备工艺具体为：夹持所述钕铁硼黑片相对的两侧，在真空环境中以4-6℃/min升温速率加热至900-1000℃，随后再以1-3℃/min升温速率加热至1030-1080℃；然后开始缓慢扭转所述钕铁硼黑片，达到设计角度后停止扭转并脱模，冷却，制得瓦型黑片；
优选地，所述扭转速度为0.2-0.5°/min；
优选地，所述设计角度为0°-45°。
9.一种烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1-8任一项所述的制备方法制得。
10.如权利要求9所述的烧结钕铁硼辐射瓦在永磁伺服电机中的应用。
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| CN117564880B (zh) * | 2024-01-16 | 2024-03-22 | 成都晨航磁业有限公司 | 一种瓦块型磁片的制作方法及制作设备 |
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