CN116332201A - 一种由酚类分子原位调控制备zsm-48分子筛的方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种由酚类分子原位调控制备zsm-48分子筛的方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116332201A CN116332201A CN202310325313.3A CN202310325313A CN116332201A CN 116332201 A CN116332201 A CN 116332201A CN 202310325313 A CN202310325313 A CN 202310325313A CN 116332201 A CN116332201 A CN 116332201A
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
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- IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myricetin Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2O)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 IKMDFBPHZNJCSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000007743 myricetin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940116852 myricetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N myricetin Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C=2OC3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C=2)=C1 PCOBUQBNVYZTBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- ZJOKNSFTHAWVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum octadecanoate sulfate Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[O-].[Al+3].S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] ZJOKNSFTHAWVKK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZJVUMAFASBFUBG-OGJBWQGYSA-N punicalagin Chemical compound C([C@H]1O[C@@H]([C@@H]2OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C11)O)OC(=O)C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C2C2=C(O)C(O)=C(OC3=O)C4=C2C(=O)OC2=C4C3=C1C(O)=C2O ZJVUMAFASBFUBG-OGJBWQGYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LMIBIMUSUFYFJN-RSVYENFWSA-N punicalagin Natural products O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2COC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3c4c(O)cc5OC(=O)c6c(c(O)c(O)c7OC(=O)c4c5c67)c8c(O)c(O)c(O)cc8C(=O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]9OC(=O)c%10cc(O)c(O)c(O)c%10c%11c(O)c(O)c(O)cc%11C(=O)O[C@@H]19 LMIBIMUSUFYFJN-RSVYENFWSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZRKSVMFLACVUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N punicalagin isomer Natural products OC1=C(O)C(=C2C3=4)OC(=O)C=4C4=C(O)C(O)=C3OC(=O)C2=C1C1=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C1C(=O)OC1C2OC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(O)OC1COC(=O)C1=CC4=C(O)C(O)=C1O ZRKSVMFLACVUIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FAPSXSAPXXJTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-L trimethyl-[6-(trimethylazaniumyl)hexyl]azanium;dibromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C FAPSXSAPXXJTOU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/46—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition
- C01B39/48—Other types characterised by their X-ray diffraction pattern and their defined composition using at least one organic template directing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
- B01J29/7461—MRE-type, e.g. ZSM-48
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2767—Changing the number of side-chains
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Abstract
一种由酚类分子原位调控制备ZSM‑48分子筛的方法,包括向晶化釜中加入反应原料水、碱液、模板剂、硅源、铝源,搅拌均匀之后晶化的步骤,本发明在所述反应原料搅拌均匀之后,晶化之前原位添加酚类分子对ZSM‑48分子筛合成进行调控,该方法制备得到的分子筛同时具有高分散性和低酸性两种性能,以该分子筛为载体的催化剂可以提高长链正构烷烃加氢异构反应的异构产物收率,并且提高异构产物中单支链异构体的选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学催化剂制备领域,具体涉及一种由酚类分子原位调控制备ZSM-48分子筛的方法及应用。
背景技术
正构烷烃加氢异构化催化剂一般为双功能催化剂,分子筛作为载体并提供酸性位,负载贵金属以起到加氢脱氢的作用。ZSM-48分子筛结构类型为*MRE,具有一维平行直孔道,孔口大小为0.56nm×0.56nm。这些孔道特征适合长链正构烷烃的加氢异构化反应,对于异构产物具有较高的选择性。但按照一般方法合成得到的ZSM-48分子筛晶体倾向于形成较大的聚集体,会导致较小的晶间堆积孔,不利于反应物、中间体及产物的扩散。另外,ZSM-48分子筛的酸性较强,需要适当地降低,以降低裂解产物的选择性。
因此,为了提高催化剂对于异构产物的选择性和收率,应尽量提高ZSM-48分子筛晶体的分散度,促进分子扩散,同时适当降低分子筛酸性,降低反应物、中间体及产物与酸位过度接触而导致裂解的可能性。
为了解决上述问题,提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种由酚类分子原位调控制备高分散低酸性ZSM-48分子筛的方法,并将之用于催化长链正构烷烃的加氢异构反应。
本发明第一方面提供了一种由酚类分子原位调控制备ZSM-48分子筛的方法,包括向晶化釜中加入反应原料水、碱液、模板剂、硅源、铝源,搅拌均匀之后晶化的步骤,其特征在于,在所述反应原料搅拌均匀之后,晶化之前原位添加酚类分子对ZSM-48分子筛的合成过程进行调控。
优选地,所述酚类分子为苯酚、邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、茶多酚、杨梅素、多巴胺、安石榴苷、鞣酸中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述的碱液为NaOH或KOH的水溶液,摩尔浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L。
优选地,所述的模板剂为溴化六甲铵、溴化五甲胺、1,6-己二胺的一种或几种。
优选地,所述的硅源为SiO2含量在30%~40%的硅溶胶、硅气溶胶、正硅酸四乙酯、硅酸钠中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述的铝源为十八水合硫酸铝、偏铝酸钠、铝溶胶中的一种或几种。
优选地,所述反应原料的摩尔比范围为:
范围 | |
SiO2/Al2O3 | 130-200 |
H2O/SiO2 | 30-60 |
OH-/SiO2 | 0.2-0.3 |
Q/SiO2 | 0.05-0.15 |
M+/SiO2 | 0.5-1.0 |
ZGM/SiO2 | 0.03-0.14 |
其中Q代表模板剂,M代表碱金属,ZGM代表酚类分子。
优选地,所述晶化的温度为150~170℃,晶化时间为6~10天。
本发明第二方面提供了一种上述制备方法制备的ZSM-48分子筛在长链烷烃加氢异构反应中的应用,该分子筛为载体的催化剂可以提高长链正构烷烃加氢异构反应的异构产物收率,并且提高异构产物中单支链异构体的选择性。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明首次以酚类分子作为调控剂原位调控制备ZSM-48分子筛,该方法采用简单可控的原位改性方法成功实现了对ZSM-48分子筛晶体分散度与酸性质的调控。
2、本发明不局限于某种单一调控剂分子,并对调控剂的选择起到了指导作用。
3、以酚类分子调控ZSM-48分子筛作为载体制备的铂负载长链烷烃加氢异构催化剂,具有很高的异构选择性以及异构收率,且具有较高的单支链异构体选择性。
附图说明
图1是对比样1和样品1-5的X射线衍射结果图;
图2是对比样1和样品1-5的扫描电镜图像;
图3是对比样1为载体的催化剂的异构收率、异构选择性;
图4是样品4为载体的催化剂的异构收率、异构选择性;
图5为对比样1和样品4的异构产物中多支链异构产物与单支链异构产物的产率比值。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例体现了本发明描述的过程,但本发明并不局限于这些实例。
对比例:(不添加酚类分子调控剂)
称取41.6g去离子水、2.4g氢氧化钠加入到有聚四氟内衬的反应器中,搅拌均匀。再向上述碱性溶液中加入5.0g硅气溶胶和3.0g溴化六甲铵、20.9g十八水合硫酸铝溶液,搅拌均匀。其中硫酸铝溶液需事先配制,每克硫酸铝溶于69.4g 0.88mol/L硫酸水溶液。将反应物凝胶装入带聚四氟乙烯内衬的水热合成釜中,密封,在自生压力160℃下,晶化6天。
取出晶化产物,冷却,离心分离,并用去离子水洗至中性,在120℃烘箱中干燥;然后将其置于马弗炉中,540℃焙烧3h,升温到595℃焙烧3h,以脱除模板剂。然后将粉末分散在1mol/L的氯化铵水溶液中,液固比为10,在80℃下回流4h,抽滤并在120℃烘箱中干燥,之后再重复进行离子交换两次。最后将粉末在550℃下焙烧4h,将分子筛转化为氢型。得到的产物为对比样1。
所得产品经XRD(X射线衍射仪)分析,确定其结构为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。其SEM图像如图2所示,晶体存在着明显的团聚现象。晶体形成较密集的聚集体,晶体间较小的孔隙会导致分子扩散受到阻碍。产品的硅铝比、堆积密度和晶簇尺寸如表1所示。这里,硅铝比由XRF(X射线荧光光谱仪)测试,通过重复测量1cm3体积样品的质量10次并取平均值得到堆积密度,通过对SEM图中晶簇直径测量50次并取平均值得到晶簇尺寸,这里晶簇是指具有相同生长方向的晶体团簇。其中堆积密度和晶簇尺寸可以反应样品中晶体的分散度,晶体分散度越高,样品的堆积密度和晶簇尺寸越低。硅铝比可以反应样品的酸性,硅铝比越高,样品的酸性越低。
实施例1:(酚类分子调控剂为苯酚)
具体实施条件类似于对比例,但在合成液其他组分都添加并充分搅拌后,加入2.1g苯酚,之后继续搅拌30min。得到的产物为样品1。经XRD分析,确定为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。经SEM图像分析,晶体分散度较对比样1有所提高,但仍存在较为明显的聚集,见图2。产品的堆积密度、晶簇尺寸和硅铝比如表1所示。样品1的堆积密度只有对比样1的一半,而晶簇尺寸稍高于对比样1,说明样品1的晶体分散度高于对比样1,但分散度提高有限。样品1的硅铝比高于对比样1,说明苯酚的添加可以降低分子筛的酸性。
实施例2:(酚类分子调控剂为邻苯二酚)
具体实施条件类似于实施例1,但将调控剂改为邻苯二酚,添加质量不变。得到的产物为样品2。邻苯二酚具有两个酚羟基基团,且两个酚羟基基团相邻。经XRD分析,确定为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。经SEM图像分析,晶体分散度较样品1有所提高,但仍存在一定的聚集,见图2。产品的堆积密度、晶簇尺寸和硅铝比如表1所示。样品2的堆积密度低于样品1,只有对比样1的约四分之一。样品2的晶簇尺寸也明显下降,约为对比样1的四分之一。这说明相对于对比样1,样品2的晶体分散度得到明显的提高。样品2的硅铝比高于样品1,分子筛的酸性进一步降低。
实施例3:(酚类分子调控剂为杨梅素)
具体实施条件类似于实施例1,但将调控剂改为杨梅素,添加质量不变。得到的产物为样品3。杨梅素具有5个酚羟基基团,2个酚羟基对,分子尺寸要明显大于苯酚和邻苯二酚。经XRD分析,确定为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。经SEM图像分析,晶体分散度较样品2有了明显提高,见图2。产品的堆积密度、晶簇尺寸和硅铝比如表1所示。样品3的堆积密度只有对比样1的约五分之一,其晶簇尺寸约为对比样1的七分之一,说明样品3的晶体分散度相比于样品2进一步提高。样品3的硅铝比高于样品2,分子筛的酸性进一步降低。
实施例4:(酚类分子调控剂为多巴胺)
具体实施条件类似于实施例1,但将调控剂改为多巴胺,添加质量不变。得到的产物为样品4。多巴胺在分子筛的碱性合成液中会发生自聚,形成较高聚合度的聚多巴胺。其中四聚多巴胺具有8个酚羟基基团,4个酚羟基对,且分子尺寸大大增加。经XRD分析,确定为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。经SEM图像分析,晶体分散度较样品3有了进一步提高,晶体基本处于单分散状态,晶体之间存在充足的孔隙,利于客体分子的扩散,见图2。产品的堆积密度、晶簇尺寸和硅铝比如表1所示。样品4的堆积密度相比于样品3进一步下降,晶簇尺寸在所有样品中最小,基本和单个晶体的直径相等。样品4的硅铝比高于样品3,分子筛的酸性进一步降低。
实施例5:(酚类分子调控剂为乙二醇)
具体实施条件类似于实施例1,但将调控剂改为乙二醇,添加质量不变。得到的产物为样品5。经XRD分析,确定为ZSM-48分子筛,见图1。经SEM图像分析,晶体聚集严重,与对比样1相似,说明醇羟基在ZSM-48晶体分散度调控方面不起作用,见图2。产品的堆积密度、晶簇尺寸和硅铝比如表1所示。样品5的堆积密度与对比样1相近,晶簇尺寸稍高于对比样1,说明晶体的分散度未得到提高。样品5的硅铝比稍高于对比样1,酸性变化不明显。
以上结果表明,酚羟基对于ZSM-48分子筛的晶体分散以及酸性的调节有明显的调控作用,而醇羟基对此无明显的调控作用。对于具有不同结构的酚类分子,具有更多的酚羟基基团、更多的酚羟基对、更大的分子尺寸,可以得到更高的晶体分散度及更低的酸性。在我们所举例的酚类调控剂内,多巴胺作为调控剂时得到的晶体分散度最高,且酸性受到的抑制更明显。
实施例6:正十六烷加氢异构反应
将上述实施例4得到的多巴胺改性的分子筛样品4和对比例得到的普通分子筛对比样1分别作为载体,负载贵金属铂,应用到正十六烷的加氢异构反应中。铂的负载量为0.5wt%。负载方法为,将5g氯铂酸的乙醇溶液(0.02mol/L)加入到5g ZSM-48分子筛的乙醇分散液中(0.1g/mL),75℃下回流1h,使用旋转蒸发仪蒸干。之后在马弗炉中450℃下处理4h,并使用压片机造型为20~40目大小的颗粒。将催化剂装填在微型固定床反应器中,两端以碳化硅填充。评价开始前,在氢气气氛下400℃还原4h。反应条件为:压力3MPa,质量空速2h-1,氢油比1000(体积比),温度270~310℃。
以对比样1和样品4为载体的两种催化剂的异构率、异构选择性分别如图3、图4所示。在各自最佳异构反应温度下的产物分析结果如表2所示。
在测试的温度范围内,样品4的异构选择性始终高于90%,且明显高于对比样1,因此样品4的异构收率有着明显的提高。由表1可以看出,在各自的最佳异构反应温度下,即在每个催化剂分别达到最高异构收率的反应温度下,样品4相对于对比样1,异构收率由79.74%提升到89.03%,且在较高的转化率下保持了更高异构选择性。样品4具有较高的晶体分散度,反应物、中间体和产物的扩散阻力减小,与酸性位点接触的可能性降低,因此降低了裂解产物的选择性,提高了异构选择性。并且样品4具有相对较低的酸性,也可以减少裂解产物的产生。
图5为对比样1和样品4的异构产物中多支链异构产物与单支链异构产物的产率比值。相对于对比样1,在相同的转化率下,样品4的多支链产物较少,这是由于样品4的晶体分散度较高且酸性较低,单支链异构体可以尽快扩散而不会发生进一步的异构。多支链异构体的裂解活性相对较高,因此较低的多支链异构体占比可以抑制裂解的发生。
表1样品堆积密度、硅铝比和晶簇尺寸
样品 | 堆积密度(mg/cm3) | 硅铝比 | 晶簇尺寸(nm) |
对比样1 | 484.6 | 171 | 518 |
样品1 | 204.3 | 198 | 578 |
样品2 | 125.7 | 209 | 131 |
样品3 | 96.1 | 222 | 77 |
样品4 | 85.5 | 228 | 44 |
样品5 | 461.8 | 178 | 561 |
表2催化性能结果比较
反应温度,℃ | 转化率/% | ≤C15/wt% | 异构C16/wt% | 异构选择性/% | |
样品4 | 305 | 94.38 | 5.35 | 89.03 | 94.33 |
对比样1 | 290 | 86.31 | 6.58 | 79.74 | 92.38 |
【备注】表1中的“≤C15/wt%”表示产物中碳原子数小于等于15的物质的总质量分数;“异构C16/wt%”表示产物中正十六烷异构体的总质量分数;“异构选择性/%”表示反应物选择性生成正十六烷异构体的百分数。
Claims (9)
1.一种由酚类分子原位调控制备ZSM-48分子筛的方法,包括向晶化釜中加入反应原料水、碱液、模板剂、硅源、铝源,搅拌均匀之后晶化的步骤,其特征在于,在所述反应原料搅拌均匀之后,晶化之前原位添加酚类分子对ZSM-48分子筛的合成过程进行调控。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述酚类分子为苯酚、邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、茶多酚、杨梅素、多巴胺、安石榴苷、鞣酸中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的碱液为NaOH或KOH的水溶液,摩尔浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的模板剂为溴化六甲铵、溴化五甲胺、1,6-己二胺的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的硅源为SiO2含量在30%~40%的硅溶胶、硅气溶胶、正硅酸四乙酯、硅酸钠中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的铝源为十八水合硫酸铝、偏铝酸钠、铝溶胶中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述反应原料的摩尔比范围为:
其中Q代表模板剂,M代表碱金属,ZGM代表酚类分子。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述晶化的温度为150~170℃,晶化时间为6~10天。
9.一种权利要求1所述方法制备的ZSM-48分子筛在长链烷烃加氢异构反应中的应用,其特征在于,该分子筛为载体的催化剂可以提高长链正构烷烃加氢异构反应的异构产物收率,并且提高异构产物中单支链异构体的选择性。
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