CN116326686A - Additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116326686A CN116326686A CN202310023748.2A CN202310023748A CN116326686A CN 116326686 A CN116326686 A CN 116326686A CN 202310023748 A CN202310023748 A CN 202310023748A CN 116326686 A CN116326686 A CN 116326686A
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000378866 Trichoderma koningii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000499912 Trichoderma reesei Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N d-xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001411320 Eriogonum inflatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001464837 Viridiplantae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940108461 rennet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/885—Trichoderma
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
An additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn and a preparation method thereof relate to a fermentation method of silage corn. The invention provides an additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of low quality of silage corn fermented feed caused by long pre-fermentation period in natural silage fermentation process of silage corn, fermentation process and secondary fermentation after pit opening. The additive is prepared by mixing the freeze-dried fungus powder of the round ferment hair shell and the freeze-dried fungus powder of the trichoderma koningii. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1. weighing the additive for reviving; 2. uniformly spraying the revived additive into the crushed silage corn material, and performing anaerobic fermentation at normal temperature for 30 days to complete fermentation of silage corn. The invention can obviously improve the sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutrition level of the silage corn after fermentation, thereby obviously improving the quality of the silage corn fermented feed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fermentation method of silage corn.
Background
Silage corn is produced through cutting corn plant including corn ear, processing and fermenting. Compared with common corn, the corn has the advantages of high biological yield, good fiber quality, good green holding performance, proper dry matter and moisture content and the like. Silage refers to a storage technology or method which is used for compacting and sealing fresh green plants, isolating stored green feed from external air, causing internal hypoxia and anaerobic fermentation, thereby generating organic acid, achieving long-term preservation, reducing nutrient loss and facilitating digestion and absorption of animals. The silage is a feed which inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria by lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria propagation and fermentation, so that the silage can be preserved for a long time, has the characteristics of high nutritive value, wide raw material sources, easy long-term preservation, good palatability, higher digestibility and the like, and is often used as a main coarse feed source for ruminants. Among the crops commonly used as silage raw materials are silage corn, alfalfa, oat, and other crop byproducts, among which silage corn is most widely used.
Natural silage fermentation is a common silage mode in livestock production at present, and mainly utilizes lactobacillus existing on plants in nature to ferment, and the lactobacillus content on the plants in nature is low, so that the lactobacillus is difficult to quickly form silage dominant bacterial colony in the fermentation process, and the pH value cannot be reduced in a short time. The main problems in the natural silage fermentation process are as follows: 1) Various miscellaneous bacteria grow and propagate fast, the temperature rises rapidly, the pre-fermentation period is prolonged, and the silage raw materials lose a large amount of nutrient components due to heating; 2) In the fermentation process, mould and putrefying bacteria are greatly propagated, so that silage is locally mildewed and rotted, and the silage is pungent in smell and poor in palatability; 3) Secondary fermentation is generated in the process of pit opening and use, and mildew spots or sheeting mildew are particularly easy to occur, so that the quality of the fermented feed is further reduced.
The invention provides an additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of low fermentation quality of silage corn feed caused by long pre-fermentation period in natural silage fermentation process of silage corn, fermentation process and secondary fermentation after pit opening.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems of low fermentation quality of silage corn feed caused by long pre-fermentation period in natural silage fermentation process of silage corn, fermentation process and secondary fermentation after pit opening.
The additive is prepared by mixing the freeze-dried fungus powder of the round fermentation hair shell and the freeze-dried fungus powder of the trichoderma koningii; wherein the round fermentation hair shell is strain round fermentation hair shell AS3.3594, and the trichoderma koningii is strain trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.
The additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed and the preparation method thereof are characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1. weighing the additive for reviving;
2. uniformly spraying the revived additive into the crushed silage corn material, and performing anaerobic fermentation at normal temperature for 30 days to complete fermentation of silage corn.
The additive for improving the quality of the silage corn fermented feed and the preparation method thereof can obviously improve sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutrition level of the silage corn after fermentation, so that the quality of the silage corn fermented feed can be obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The additive for improving the fermentation quality of silage corn feed in the embodiment and the preparation method thereof are carried out according to the following steps:
the first embodiment is as follows: the additive is prepared by mixing the freeze-dried fungus powder of the round fermentation shell and the freeze-dried fungus powder of the trichoderma koningii; wherein the round fermentation hair shell is strain round fermentation hair shell AS3.3594, and the trichoderma koningii is strain trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between this embodiment and the specific embodiment is that: the mass ratio of the round ferment hair shell to the trichoderma koningii freeze-dried powder is 3:2; and the viable bacteria value of the two bacteria after being respectively revived is not less than 15 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g. The other is the same as in the first embodiment.
And a third specific embodiment: this embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: inoculating the round fermentation shell AS3.3594 and the Trichoderma koningii AS3.4001 with PDA culture medium respectively, and culturing in a shaking table at 28deg.C for 24 hr to obtain mother starter of 2 strains. The other is the same as the first or second embodiment.
The specific embodiment IV is as follows: the third difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: inoculating the mother starter of the 2 strains to the mixed starter, and performing shake culture at 28 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain production starter of each 2 strains; the mixed starter is prepared from skim milk emulsion, liquid glycerol, xylooligosaccharide and glucose, wherein the mass fraction of the skim milk emulsion is 10%, the mass ratio of the liquid glycerol to the skim milk emulsion is 1:50, the mass ratio of the xylooligosaccharide to the skim milk emulsion is 1:100, and the mass ratio of the glucose to the skim milk emulsion is 1:100. The other is the same as in the third embodiment.
Fifth embodiment: the fourth difference between this embodiment and the third embodiment is that: the volume ratio of the mixed starter to the mother starter is 1:50. The other is the same as in the fourth embodiment.
Specific embodiment six: this embodiment differs from one of the third to fifth embodiments in that: introducing the production leavening agents of the 2 strains into a glass ampoule under aseptic conditions, capping the bottle stopper, performing quick-freezing treatment to obtain frozen leavening agents, transferring the frozen leavening agents to a freeze dryer for freeze drying to obtain freeze-dried strain powder of the 2 strains respectively. The others are the same as in one of the third to fifth embodiments.
Seventh embodiment: the embodiment adopts one of the specific embodiments one to six to improve the quality of silage corn feed and the preparation method thereof:
1. weighing the additive for reviving;
2. uniformly spraying the revived additive into the crushed silage corn material, and performing anaerobic fermentation at normal temperature for 30 days to complete fermentation of silage corn.
Eighth embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: the additive is weighed according to the proportion of adding 10g of the additive per ton of silage corn material. The other is the same as in the seventh embodiment.
Detailed description nine: this embodiment differs from the seventh or eighth embodiment in that: in the first step, 10g of additive is dissolved by 1kg of water with the temperature of 25-30 ℃, and then is stood for 6h for reviving at normal temperature. The others are the same as in the seventh or eighth embodiment.
Example 1
Fermentation experiments were performed in the sea-rennet market under the open-air beef cattle agency. The test group fermented silage corn using the additive of embodiment two according to the method of embodiment nine. The control group is a natural fermentation group. Silage corns are harvested in the wax maturing period, the stubble height is 5cm, and the silage corns are immediately crushed into small sections of 2-3 cm after harvesting; the fermentation period was 30 days.
The results of the two sets of data analysis are as follows:
1. silage sensory evaluation: the silage color of the test group is green, the test group has lactic acid fragrance, no butyric acid fragrance, loose and soft texture and no sticky hand, and the silage sensory score is 93, and the grade is excellent; silage of the natural fermentation group is brown in color, has a butyric acid deteriorated smell, is slightly sticky, has a partial mildew and caking phenomenon, has a silage sensory score of 65, and has a good grade.
2. Fermentation level: the silage pH of the test group is 4.0, the silage of the control group is 4.4, and the test group is obviously reduced by 9.1 percent (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group; the lactic acid content of the test group is 4.9%, the content of the control group is 3.1%, and the test group is obviously improved by 58.1% compared with the control group (P is less than 0.05); the acetic acid content of the test group is 1.7%, the content of the control group is 3.2%, and the acetic acid content of the test group is obviously reduced by 46.9% compared with the control group (P is less than 0.05); the propionic acid content of the test group is 0.45%, the control group content is 0.32%, and the test group is obviously improved by 40.6% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group; the butyric acid content of the test group is 1.3%, the butyric acid content of the control group is 2.8%, and the butyric acid content of the test group is obviously reduced by 53.6% compared with the control group (P is less than 0.05); the ammonium nitrogen content of the test group is 9.8%, the content of the control group is 18.2%, and the test group is obviously reduced by 65.6% compared with the control group (P is less than 0.05);
3. nutritional level: the DM content of the silage of the test group is 33%, the content of the control group is 24%, and the test group is obviously improved by 37.5% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group; the content of the silage CP in the test group is 4.2%, the content of the silage in the control group is 3.4%, and the content of the silage in the test group is obviously improved by 23.5% compared with that in the control group (P is less than 0.05); the silage NDF content of the test group is 45%, the control group content is 51%, and the test group is obviously reduced by 11.8% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group; the ADF content of silage in the test group is 27%, the ADF content in the control group is 33%, and the ADF content in the test group is obviously reduced by 18.2% compared with that in the control group (P is less than 0.05); the silage starch content of the test group is 25%, the control group content is 16%, and the test group is obviously improved by 56.3% (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group.
By combining the results, the additive for improving the quality of the silage corn fermented feed and the preparation method thereof can obviously improve the sensory evaluation, fermentation level and nutrition level of the silage corn after fermentation, so that the quality of the silage corn fermented feed can be obviously improved.
Claims (5)
1. An additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that the additive is prepared by mixing trichoderma reesei freeze-dried bacterial powder and trichoderma koningii freeze-dried bacterial powder; wherein the round fermentation hair shell is strain round fermentation hair shell AS3.3594, and the trichoderma koningii is strain trichoderma koningii AS3.4001.
2. The additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and a preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the round fermentation hair shell to the trichoderma koningii freeze-dried powder is 3:2; and the viable bacteria value of the two bacteria after being respectively revived is not less than 15 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g。
3. An additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed as claimed in claim 1 and a preparation method thereof are adopted, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. weighing the additive for reviving;
2. uniformly spraying the revived additive into the crushed silage corn material, and performing anaerobic fermentation at normal temperature for 30 days to complete fermentation of silage corn.
4. An additive for improving fermentation quality of silage according to claim 3 and a preparation method thereof, wherein 10g of additive is added per ton of silage corn material.
5. The additive for improving fermentation quality of silage according to claim 3 or 4, wherein 10g of the additive in the first step is dissolved in 1kg of water at 25-30 ℃ and then is left to stand for 6h for reviving at normal temperature.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210601428 | 2022-05-30 | ||
| CN2022106014286 | 2022-05-30 | ||
| CN2022114867986 | 2022-11-24 | ||
| CN202211486798 | 2022-11-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116326686A true CN116326686A (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310023748.2A Pending CN116326686A (en) | 2022-05-30 | 2023-01-09 | Additive for improving fermentation quality of silage corn feed and preparation method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN116326686A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-01-09 CN CN202310023748.2A patent/CN116326686A/en active Pending
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