CN116315312A - 一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116315312A
CN116315312A CN202310208922.0A CN202310208922A CN116315312A CN 116315312 A CN116315312 A CN 116315312A CN 202310208922 A CN202310208922 A CN 202310208922A CN 116315312 A CN116315312 A CN 116315312A
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heat
chitosan
fireproof material
mica tape
aerogel
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潘渡江
卢智虎
吴学领
李俊
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Hubei Ping'an Electric Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法，包括云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶；所述改性气凝胶是壳聚糖作为单体，蛭石作为添加剂，通过壳聚糖与聚乙二醇的交联反应制备而成；相比现有含气凝胶的隔热防火材料，其机械强度明显提升；同时云母带经过环氧树脂表面处理，环氧基团在云母带表层桥联，增强耐高温性能和剥离强度；二者相互结合，提升隔热防火材料的机械强度与耐高温性能，本发明隔热防火材料制备工艺简单，成本低廉，可大批量生产，在新能源电池的领域具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源电动汽车零部件领域，尤其涉及一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法。
背景技术
目前市场上开发中的新能源电动汽车，其核心部件为锂电池包，锂电池在工作过程中会散发大量的热量，以及在极端条件下会产生高温，对车辆和人身造成安全隐患，因此在锂电池的表面往往会组装一种以云母为材料的云母板。这种云母板最主要的特点是超强的耐高温能力和优良的绝缘性能。电动汽车在异常工作时可能产生高温，云母板的这个性能可以有效阻止高温直接作用于车辆驾驶室和后排座，从而给车内人员足够的逃生时间。目前的云母板制造行业，很少有和其他材料复合在一起来增强其耐高温、隔热、轻量化等性能，因此可以复合新型材料，开发出一款具备耐高温、高绝缘、隔热性更好、更加轻量化的云母板，使其应用范围更加广泛。
而公开号为CN218215584U的专利公开了一种电芯之间的硬质热防护复合云母件，在第一云母板和第二云母板之间设有应力释放层，并包括气凝胶层；公开号为CN114193851A的专利公开了一种电芯之间的热防护复合件及成型工艺，包括第一云母板、第二云母板，并设有陶瓷纤维层与气凝胶层；然而现有作为阻燃隔热的气凝胶层其材料也存在较多局限性，有机气凝胶具备易燃性，而无机气凝胶机械性能较差，这样也极大限制了实际应用范围和应用效果，如何使气凝胶层具备良好的隔热防火性能，同时兼具不俗的机械性能，成为目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法，解决了现有材料中气凝胶层功能单一、机械强度不高的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，包括如下组分：云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶；
所述双面胶设有两层，且分别设置于改性气凝胶的两侧；
所述云母带设有两层，且分别设置于双面胶远离改性气凝胶的一侧；
为提升气凝胶机械性能，进一步优选地，所述改性气凝胶是壳聚糖作为单体，蛭石作为添加剂，通过壳聚糖与聚乙二醇的交联反应制备而成。
进一步优选地，所述改性气凝胶的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取醋酸，加水稀释，配置成醋酸溶液，再称取壳聚糖加入醋酸溶液中，超声5～10min，搅拌至溶液无气泡产生；
S2、称取聚乙二醇，加入步骤S1中的壳聚糖～醋酸溶液，再加入蛭石，于20～25℃搅拌2～4h，混合物混匀后于-18～-25℃下保存10～14h；
S3、取出，置于干燥机干燥，即得改性气凝胶。
进一步优选地，所述气凝胶厚度为0～100mm。
为了促进壳聚糖与聚乙二醇的交联反应，进一步优选地，步骤S1中的醋酸溶液的质量浓度为2.5～4％。
进一步优选地，步骤S1中的壳聚糖与醋酸溶液的质量比为1：(3～5)。
进一步优选地，步骤S1中超声功率为300～500W。
进一步优选地，步骤S2中的聚乙二醇与壳聚糖的质量比为(0.3～0.4)：1。
同时，为了控制气凝胶的孔隙，进一步优选地，步骤S2中的蛭石在混合物的质量浓度为8～30g/L。
进一步优选地，所述云母带经环氧树脂修饰处理。
进一步优选地，所述云母带的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将环氧树脂涂覆在云母纸表面，干燥，模压，得到所述云母带。
进一步优选地，所述环氧树脂为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷。
进一步优选地，环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为(0.25～0.75)：(1.5～1.75)：1。
进一步优选地，所述云母带厚度为0～100mm。
另一方面，本发明还提供了一种电池包用隔热和防火材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1、将云母带两面均与双面胶压合，再分切成背胶云母带，与气凝胶贴合、压紧，得到粗样；
A2、将步骤A1得到的粗样进行内部打孔、塑型，切除毛坯边料，加工完成以后得到电池包用隔热和防火材料。
本发明的电池包用隔热和防火材料及制备方法，相对于现有技术具有以下
有益效果：
(1)现有采用气凝胶的云母带隔热和防火材料中，有机气凝胶具备易燃性，而无机气凝胶机械性能较差；本发明的改性气凝胶以壳聚糖为单体，加入蛭石，并通过与聚乙二醇的交联反应制备而成，具有三维网络结构，比表面积大，提升了机械强度；同时表面聚集了新的晶体，有效阻止热量在材料内部传递，加强隔热防火效果；
(2)相较现有常规的环氧树脂乳化改性后与云母复合，本发明由环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷三元聚合形成共聚单体，然后涂覆云母带表面，增加拉伸强度，提升导热性能；
(3)本发明的电池包用隔热和防火材料阻燃性能方面可达到UL 94V～0；耐高温性能方面，火焰灼烧1200℃无破裂；隔热性能方面，热面火焰灼烧1200℃，冷面温度在300℃以下；轻量化方面，此电池包用隔热和防火材料密度在1g/cm3以下；绝缘性能方面，电气强度大于20KV/mm。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施方式，对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅仅是本发明一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，包括如下组分：云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶；
云母带的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷按0.25：1.5：1的摩尔比在90℃下聚合，得到的环氧树脂涂覆在云母纸表面，干燥，模压，得到所述云母带。
所述改性气凝胶的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取2.5g醋酸，加97.5g水稀释，配置成质量浓度为2.5％的醋酸溶液，再按照壳聚糖：醋酸溶液＝1：3的质量比，称取33.3g壳聚糖加入醋酸溶液中，300W超声10min，搅拌至溶液无气泡产生；
S2、按照聚乙二醇与壳聚糖＝0.3:1的质量比称取聚乙二醇9.9g，加入步骤S1中的壳聚糖～醋酸溶液，再加入蛭石使之在混合物质量浓度为8g/L，于20℃搅拌4h，混合物混匀后于-18℃下保存14h；
S3、取出，置于干燥机干燥，即得改性气凝胶。
所述电池包用隔热和防火材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1、将云母带两面均与双面胶压合，再分切成背胶云母带，宽1000mm，厚100mm，然后与气凝胶贴合、压紧，得到粗样；
A2、将步骤A1得到的粗样进行内部打孔、塑型，切除毛坯边料，加工完成以后得到电池包用隔热和防火材料成品。
实施例2
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，包括如下组分：云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶；
云母带的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷按0.25：1.5：1的摩尔比在90℃下聚合，得到的环氧树脂涂覆在云母纸表面，干燥，模压，得到所述云母带。
所述改性气凝胶的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取4g醋酸，加96g水稀释，配置成醋酸溶液，再按照壳聚糖：醋酸溶液＝1：5的质量比，称取20g壳聚糖加入醋酸溶液中，500W超声5min，搅拌至溶液无气泡产生；
S2、按照聚乙二醇与壳聚糖＝0.4:1的质量比称取聚乙二醇8g，加入步骤S1中的壳聚糖～醋酸溶液，再加入蛭石使之在混合物质量浓度为30g/L，于25℃搅拌2h，混合物混匀后于-25℃下保存10h；
S3、取出，置于干燥机干燥，即得改性气凝胶。
所述电池包用隔热和防火材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1、将云母带两面均与双面胶压合，再分切成背胶云母带，宽1000mm，厚100mm，与气凝胶贴合、压紧，得到粗样；
A2、将步骤A1得到的粗样进行内部打孔、塑型，切除毛坯边料，加工完成以后得到电池包用隔热和防火材料成品。
实施例3
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，包括如下组分：云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶；
云母带的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷按0.25：1.5：1的摩尔比在90℃下聚合，得到的环氧树脂涂覆在云母纸表面，干燥，模压，得到所述云母带。
所述改性气凝胶的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取3g醋酸，加97g水稀释，配置成醋酸溶液，按照壳聚糖：醋酸溶液＝1：4的质量比，再称取25g壳聚糖加入醋酸溶液中，400W超声8min，搅拌至溶液无气泡产生；
S2、按照聚乙二醇与壳聚糖＝0.36:1的质量比称取聚乙二醇9g，加入步骤S1中的壳聚糖～醋酸溶液，再加入蛭石使之在混合物质量浓度为15g/L，于22℃搅拌3h，混合物混匀后于-20℃下保存12h；
S3、取出，置于干燥机干燥，即得改性气凝胶。
所述电池包用隔热和防火材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
A1、将云母带两面均与双面胶压合，再分切成背胶云母带，宽1000mm，厚100mm，与气凝胶贴合、压紧，得到粗样；
A2、将步骤A1得到的粗样进行内部打孔、塑型，切除毛坯边料，加工完成以后得到电池包用隔热和防火材料成品。
实施例4
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所述云母带制备过程中，将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷按0.75：1.75：1的摩尔比在90℃下聚合。
实施例5
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所述云母带制备过程中，将环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷按0.5：1.5：1的摩尔比在90℃下聚合。
对比例1
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所用气凝胶为常规二氧化硅气凝胶，未经过改性。
对比例2
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所用云母带表面未经环氧树脂修饰。
对比例3
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所用改性气凝胶添加剂为凹凸棒。
对比例4
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所用改性气凝胶步骤S1中的壳聚糖与醋酸溶液的质量比为1：7。
对比例5
一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，与实施例1的区别在于，所述云母带由玻纤布替换。
将上述实施例1～3与对比例1～5得到的云母带隔热防火材料进行性能测试，包括阻燃性能、耐高温、电气强度与剥离强度测试，
阻燃等级UL94测定：按照国家标准GB/T2048～1996《塑料燃烧性能试验方法水平法和垂直法》测试，采用CZF～3型垂直燃烧测定仪；电气强度测试：按照国家标准GB/T5019.2～2009的相关测试标准，采用Φ25mm/Φ75mm圆柱电极，1.0kV/s快速升压，进行电气强度测试；剥离强度测试：按照国家标准GB/T7122的测试标准进行测试；
表1云母带隔热防火材料阻燃、耐高温性能测试
Figure BDA0004111883000000091
表2云母带隔热防火材料剥离强度、电气强度测试
Figure BDA0004111883000000092
Figure BDA0004111883000000101
由上可见，本发明实施例1～5与对比例1比较，剥离强度与阻燃等级、导热系数方面明显获得提升，实施例1～5与对比例2比较，高温耐受性能更优。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，包括云母带、双面胶和改性气凝胶，其中，
所述双面胶设有两层，且分别设置于改性气凝胶的两侧；
所述云母带设有两层，且分别设置于双面胶远离改性气凝胶的一侧；
所述改性气凝胶是壳聚糖作为单体，蛭石作为添加剂，通过壳聚糖与聚乙二醇的交联反应制备而成。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，所述改性气凝胶的具体制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取醋酸，加水稀释，配置成醋酸溶液，再称取壳聚糖加入醋酸溶液中，超声5～10min，搅拌至溶液无气泡产生；
S2、称取聚乙二醇，加入步骤S1中的壳聚糖～醋酸溶液，再加入蛭石，于20～25℃搅拌2～4h，混合物混匀后于-18～-25℃下保存10～14h；
S3、取出，置于干燥机干燥，即得改性气凝胶。
3.如权利要求2所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，步骤S1中的醋酸溶液的质量浓度为2.5～4％。
4.如权利要求2所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，步骤S1中的壳聚糖与醋酸溶液的质量比为1：(3～5)。
5.如权利要求2所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，步骤S2中的聚乙二醇与壳聚糖的质量比为(0.3～0.4)：1。
6.如权利要求2所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，步骤S2中的蛭石在混合物的质量浓度为8～30g/L。
7.如权利要求1所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，所述云母带经环氧树脂修饰处理，包括如下步骤：
将环氧树脂涂覆在云母纸表面，干燥，模压，得到所述云母带。
8.如权利要求7所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，所述环氧树脂为环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷。
9.如权利要求8所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，其特征在于，环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和环氧氯丙烷的摩尔比为(0.25～0.75)：(1.5～1.75)：1。
10.一种电池包用隔热和防火材料的制备方法，其特征在于，采用权利要求1～9所述的电池包用隔热和防火材料，包括如下步骤：
A1、将云母带两面均与双面胶压合，再分切成背胶云母带，与气凝胶贴合、压紧，得到粗样；
A2、将步骤A1得到的粗样进行内部打孔、塑型，切除毛坯边料，加工完成以后得到电池包用隔热和防火材料。
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