CN116297952A - 一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物及其应用。本发明对海马中的蛋白进行研究,通过使用肽组学方法对海马热稳定性蛋白进行了全面分析;分析发现海马胶原蛋白的潜在肽生物标志物,HPLC‑三重四极杆质谱验证它们的专属性,结合生物信息学分析综合鉴定肽生物标志物。最终发现了10种肽生物标志物,针对11个不同物种的海马。本发明提供的标志物,可以识别出市场上存在的海马,促使海马商品的分类分级科学化、规范化,为海马商品优质优价的贸易流通发挥重要作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物及其应用。
背景技术
海马表现出特殊的形态和生活史特征,例如可抓握的尾巴,细长的鼻子,没有鳞片的盔甲,没有尾鳍和腹鳍以及一种独特的男性怀孕模式。海马到达新环境中,表现出快速适应新环境的体貌特征,包括体型、颜色模式等,例如是否存在棘刺可能是对捕食者的适应,进而进化出新的物种。海马时目前已知进化速率最快的物种,因此,海马属拥有庞大的物种家族,物种间差异有时非常小。海马具有重要的药用价值,是一味用于强壮补益的传统中药材。
据统计,海马在全球范围内交易量很大,干海马贸易占贸易总额的98%,而干海马主要用于交易传统药物。自上世纪八十年代以来,生态环境污染和自然资源的制约,海马产量不断下降。
目前海马的物种鉴别方法主要依靠于外观性状鉴别和分子生物学鉴别。在流通过程中,主要以干海马作为流通形式,而海马在干制的过程中或运输过程中,由于磨损和颠簸会失去许多用于物种鉴别的外观特征,如斑纹、突起、环节等,导致很难以观测的方式识别物种。分子生物学鉴别相比于传统的外观性状鉴别法,具有更高的专属性,但也存在局限,特别是当海马被混合粉碎或者烹制加热后,分子生物学鉴别方法也不能准确区分物种。海马药用价值广泛,也是海马胶的原料。然而由于海马外观性状和物理化学性质相似,基于传统的海马物种鉴定存在诸多问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的应用肽标志物进行海马物种鉴定的空白,本发明提供了一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物。
本发明还提供了一种上述肽生物标志物在用于海马物种鉴定中的应用。
本发明为了实现上述目的所采用的技术方案为:
本发明提供了一种基于肽组学的用于海马物种鉴别的肽生物标志物,所述肽生物标志物的序列为:
进一步的,所述肽生物标志物用于区分管海马(Hippocampus kuda)、线纹海马(Hippocampus kelloggi)、三斑海马(Hippocampus trimacμlatus)、刺海马(Hippocampus histrix)、小海马(Hippocampus mohnikei)、棘海马(Hippocampus spinosissimus)、虎尾海马(Hippocampus comes)、太平洋海马(Hippocampus ingens)、短吻海马(Hippocampus fuscus)、驼背海马(Hippocampus camelopardalis)和吻海马(Hippocampus reidi)。
本发明还提供了一种上述肽生物标志物在鉴别海马物种中的应用,应用过程中的鉴定原则为:
(1)样品中检出且仅检出Pep1时,则认为样品为刺海马;
(2)样品中检出且仅检出Pep2时,则认为样品为线纹海马;
(3)样品中检出且仅检出Pep3时,则认为样品为三斑海马;
(4)样品中检出且仅检出Pep4时,则认为样品为小海马;
(5)样品中检出且仅检出Pep5时,则认为样品为管海马、吻海马;
(6)样品中检出且仅检出Pep6时,则认为样品为棘海马;
(7)样品中检出且仅检出Pep7时,则认为样品为虎尾海马;
(8)样品中检出且仅检出Pep8时,则认为样品为太平洋海马;
(9)样品中检出且仅检出Pep9时,则认为样品为短吻海马;
(10)样品中检出且仅检出Pep10时,则认为样品为驼背海马。
优选的,具体鉴别过程为:
(1)样品制备
精密称定海马提取物,加入水,超声溶解,放冷至室温,精密量取上清液,加入胰蛋白酶,过夜酶解,得供试品溶液。
(2) 采用HPLC-三重四极杆质谱进行分析。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述海马提取物的具体制备过程为:取供试品海马适量置三角瓶中,加水浸泡48h,中间换一次水;除盐后的海马加水250ml高温煎煮3次,分别4小时,3小时,2小时,合并煎煮液,微沸浓缩至液体粘稠,转移至硅胶碗中,于60℃电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥至固体。
进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述海马提取物和水的比例为0.01g:5mL;所述超声的时间为30min;所述上清液和胰蛋白酶的体积比为50:1;所述胰蛋白酶的浓度为1mg/ml;所述酶解的温度为37℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述HPLC-三重四极杆质谱的参数为:色谱柱AgilentEclipse C18(2.1×100mm,1.8μm),流动相由A(0.1%甲酸水溶液)和B(0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液)组成,进行梯度洗脱;进样5μl,流速为0.3ml/min。
进一步的,所述梯度洗脱具体为:0~20分钟,3%-20%B,20~21分钟,20%-90%B,21~24分钟,90%-3%B,24~30分钟,3%B。
进一步的,所述三重四极杆质谱的参数为:模式设置为质量检测器,电喷雾电离(ESI)和正离子多反应监测,鞘气流速为46 L/h,辅助气流速为850 L/h,喷雾电压为 3.5kV,源温度为 150 °C,辅助气体温度为 400 °C,锥体电压30 V,碰撞电压35 V,溶剂延迟0~1 min和21~30 min使用。
本发明对海马中的蛋白进行研究,通过使用肽组学方法对海马热稳定性蛋白进行了全面分析;分析发现海马胶原蛋白的潜在肽生物标志物,HPLC-三重四极杆质谱验证它们的专属性,结合生物信息学分析综合鉴定肽生物标志物。最终发现了10种肽生物标志物,用于区分管海马(Hippocampus kuda)、线纹海马(Hippocampus kelloggi)、三斑海马(Hippocampus trimacμlatus)、刺海马(Hippocampus histrix)、小海马(Hippocampus mohnikei)、棘海马(Hippocampus spinosissimus)、虎尾海马(Hippocampus comes)、太平洋海马(Hippocampus ingens)、短吻海马(Hippocampus fuscus)、驼背海马(Hippocampus camelopardalis)和吻海马(Hippocampus reidi)。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明使用非靶向质谱方法进行海马胶原蛋白肽的分析,结合化学计量学和数据集的方法发现潜在的肽生物标志物。采用HPLC-TripleQuadrupole 验证特异性并建立鉴定方法,共发现10个肽生物标志物,针对11个不同物种的海马。(2)目前海马物种的数据库只有虎尾海马,其他海马均没有独立的数据库,对潜在肽生物标志物的鉴定具有相当大的挑战。这个既定策略可以识别出市场上存在的海马,并在规范市场上海马样品的流通发挥重要作用。
附图说明
图1为不同基原海马的外观形状图;
图2为识别海马潜在生物标志物的分析方案策略图;
图3为本发明筛选的10个肽生物标志物序列对齐情况;
图4为本发明筛选的10个肽生物标志物的质谱图;
图5为混合对照品溶液的质谱图片;
图6为补肾宁片中海马物种筛查典型图。
实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释和说明。
(一)材料和方法
(1)试剂和材料
胰蛋白酶(测序级)购自Sigma-Aldrich(St. Louis, MO, USA)、甲酸( optimaLCMS) 购自 Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA),乙腈购自Merck KGaA(Darmstadt, Germany),在 Millipore (Schwalbach, Germany) 的 MilliQ A 10Gradient 系统上制备水。
从中国不同地区的市场收集了11批海马样品。不同基原海马的外观形状见图1(第一行从左至右依次是刺海马、管海马、三斑海马、线纹海马、小海马;第二行从左至右依次是虎尾海马、太平洋海马、短吻海马、驼背海马、棘海马、吻海马)。样品详细信息见表1。十一种海马用于发现肽生物标志物,所有样品均用于验证。表 1 中所示的肽生物标志物由ChinaPeptides(中国上海)、GL Biochem(中国上海)合成。
表110个肽生物标志物详细信息
实施例
(1)样品制备
取供试品海马适量置三角瓶中,加水浸泡除盐48h,中间换一次水。除盐后的海马加水250ml高温煎煮3次,分别4小时,3小时,2小时,合并煎煮液,微沸浓缩至液体粘稠,转移至硅胶碗中,于60℃电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥至固体。作为海马提取物。精密称定0.01g海马提取物,加入5ml 水,超声30min溶解,放冷至室温,精密量取上清液500μl,加入50μl胰蛋白酶(1mg/ml),37℃过夜酶解。得供试品溶液。
(2)Nano-LC-MS / MS分析
使用纳升液相(EASY-nLC 1000, Thermo Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)结合高分辨率质谱(Orbitrap-Fusion, Thermo Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)耦合,分析制备的海马样品。以Thermo Acclaim PepMap C18柱((100 μm × 3.5 cm, 5 μm, ThermoScientific, San Jose, CA, USA)脱盐富集,在Thermo Acclaim PepMap C18柱((75 μm× 15 cm, 3 μm, Thermo Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA)上分离,以300nl/min的流速进样2μl,以甲酸浓度为0.1% (v/v)的水(A)和甲酸浓度为0.1% (v/v)的乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱:0~1min,99%~94%A(v/v);1~96min,94~78%A(v/v);96~113min,78~70%A(v/v);113~117min,70~5%A(v/v);117~120min,5%A。采用Fusion-Orbitrap 质谱系统,配备NanosprayFlex纳喷源,采用正离子模式进行分析,喷雾电压为2.1kV,离子传输毛细管温度为275℃,S-Lens传输效率设置为60%。一级质谱采用Orbitrap作为质量分析器,分辨率为60,000(m/z= 400),采集范围为350-1,550(m/z)。二级质谱采用Orbitrap作为质量分析器,采用Data-Dependent MSn Scan模式进行扫描,采用HCD模式进行碎裂,碎裂能量HCE设置为30%。
(3)质谱数据分析和物种肽生物标志物的选择
将质谱Raw格式的数据使用SIEVE 2.2进行峰对齐和框架化,搜索模式选择Deferindentification。鉴定结果显示为每一个m/z和RT对应的唯一成分在每个物种中的峰面积,以及每个样品与对照样品的峰面积的比值、方差和P值。 将此鉴定结果导出,使用Simca14.1(32位)软件进行化学计量学分析,包括主成分分析(PCA)和正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA)。主成分分析(PCA)是一种无监督的数据降维方式,正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLA-DA)是偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)的延伸,PLS-DA能够按照预先定义的分类最大化组间的差异,获得比PCA更好的分离效果,OPLS-DA能够把与实验条件无关的变化过滤,因此OPLS-DA比PLS-DA更可体现与实验条件有关的样品差异,使组间样本分离效果更佳。在OPLS-DA模型中,通过两两比对的方式寻找每个物种的潜在特征离子。
将Peaks studio8.5鉴定结果导出,将疑似相同成分的数据集挑选出来,将11个样品中所有质谱数据鉴定的成分认作数据集A,过滤标准:任意两个成分之间m/z相同(具体到小数点后两位),保留时间相差5min以内,满足这两个条件的数据归结到数据集B,数据集A相对于数据集B的补集,数据集C,就是我们要寻找的潜在肽生物标志物。将每个物种的潜在肽生物标志物,按照响应大小排序,依次验证特异性。
(4) 通过 HPLC-MS/MS 验证肽生物标志物的特异性
所有样品使用AB sciex 三重四极杆质谱仪,连接有ESI源的多反应监测(MRM)分析进行验证。使用色谱柱Agilent Eclipse C18(2.1×100mm,1.8μm)对样品进行色谱分离,流动相由A(0.1%甲酸水溶液)和B(0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液)组成。使用0~20分钟,3%-20%B,20~21分钟,20%-90%B,21~24分钟,90%-3%B,24~30分钟,3%B。进样5μl,流速为0.3ml/min,色谱柱恒温在43℃,并在初始条件下(3%B)平衡2分钟。
使用软件Analyst Software控制LC-MS/MS 系统。参数设置如下:模式设置为质量检测器,电喷雾电离(ESI)和正离子多反应监测,鞘气流速为46 L/h,辅助气流速为850 L/h,喷雾电压为 3.5 kV,源温度为 150 °C,辅助气体温度为 400 °C。锥体电压30 V,碰撞电压35 V。溶剂延迟0~1 min和21~30 min。
(5)特异性肽生物标志物的综合鉴定
使用Peaks Studio软件(8.5 Edition,Bioinformatics Solutions Inc.,Waterloo, Canada)分析得到的MS/MS数据,使用从NCBI下载的虎尾海马胶原蛋白的数据库(2021年12月21日下载)进行检索。选择胰蛋白酶,最多允许6次缺失的切割。指定氧化(+15.99),羟基化(+15.99),脱酰胺(+0.98),蛋白质N末端的乙酰化(+42.01),氨基甲酰化(+57.02),赖氨酸的乙酰化(+42.01),作为可变修饰。所有其他参数均为默认设置,包括最大母离子容差10ppm,碎片离子容差0.02Da。
选择PEAKS spider的结果中ALC score大于95%的结果,将理论碎片离子和实际碎片离子进行比对,进一步使用质谱MRM模式和Product Ion(MS2)模式确认,同时执行基本局部比对搜索工具 (BLAST) 搜索以辅助验证所选肽段的准确性。
(6)肽的合成与验证
将合成的肽生物标志物用超纯水制成1ug/ml溶液。为验证合成肽序列的准确性,将 HPLC-三重四极杆 MS 用于合成肽和海马制备样品的分析,注射体积为 5 μL。使用ABsciex质谱仪,连接有ESI源,使用Agilent Eclipse C18色谱柱(2.1×100mm,1.8μm)进行样品分离,采用步骤(4)的方法,依次进样海马制备样品、合成肽和加标的样品,如果合成肽的出峰时间与海马样品的出峰时间相匹配,而合成肽和海马样品只有一个峰。在这种情况下,可以认为肽生物标志物的序列与海马样本的序列相匹配。本发明提供的特征多肽质谱图如图4所示。
(一)效果验证
(1)实验流程图2为本发明提出的识别肽生物标志物的策略,主要包括四个步骤:(a)从每个样品中获得肽谱,全面识别肽;(b):运用代谢组学软件对肽谱中包含的质谱数据进行前处理,运用数据库搜索对肽谱中包含的多肽信息进行解析;(c)结合化学计量学方法通过两两比对及数据集分析方法发现潜在的肽生物标志物;(d)结合生物信息学分析对潜在的特异性肽生物标志物进行综合鉴定。
(2)物种特异性肽生物标志物及应用
最终发现了10种潜在的肽生物标志物,详细信息见表1。在本发明鉴定的11个物种范围内,pep1-10分别为各物种中独有成分,可以作为该物种的身份标志物,吻海马和管海马的两个肽生物标志物为同一个序列,可能是由于两个物种的胶原蛋白相似度高。加混合对照品溶液的质谱图片和各个海马物种的质谱图片如图5所示。
实施例
(一)补肾宁片中海马药材基原鉴定
精密称取补肾宁片粉末4g,精密加入40mL水,混匀,加热回流1h,取出放凉,转移至离心管中,12000r/min离心15min,转移到新离心管中。用0.22um微孔滤膜滤过取续滤液,即得。取一定量续滤液,按照10:1加入胰蛋白酶溶液(1ug/ml),过夜酶解12h,煮沸10min灭活胰酶,即得待测样品;将待测样品采用实施例1提供的鉴定方法进行鉴定。
通过对补肾宁片中海马物种鉴定研究,发现补肾宁片所有样品中仅1批次样品仅检出单一品种信息,其它批次样品中均出现两种及以上的品种信息(图6和表2)。样品中共出现5个海马品种,分别为线纹海马、三斑海马、小海马、虎尾海马和棘海马,其中虎尾海马和刺海马为非药典收载品种。实验结果显示海马药材的物种混用的情况非常普遍,虎尾海马和棘海马为由于物种数量的优势,成为最常见的混用品种。
表2补肾宁片样品中海马物种检测结果
海马中蛋白含量60-70%,而胶原蛋白作为结缔组织的主要成分是含量最高的蛋白之一。这10个肽生物标志物均为胶原蛋白肽,10个肽生物标志物分别属于collagen alpha-1(I) chain isoform X1和collagen alpha-2(I) chain isoform X1,于是我们将相应位点的序列与虎尾海马相应位点的进行比对,见图3。由此可见在海马物种进化过程中,胶原蛋白的个别氨基酸位点发生了突变。这些突变位点可以为我们进行物种鉴定提供信息。多肽片段是承载和展示这些差异位点的良好载体。本发明提供的特征多肽片段可以很好的鉴定未知海马样品中涉及的海马种类。
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的肽生物标志物,其特征在于,所述肽生物标志物用于区分管海马(Hippocampus kuda)、线纹海马(Hippocampus kelloggi)、三斑海马(Hippocampus trimaculatus)、刺海马(Hippocampus histrix)、小海马(Hippocampus mohnikei)、棘海马(Hippocampus spinosissimus)、虎尾海马(Hippocampus comes)、太平洋海马(Hippocampus ingens)、短吻海马(Hippocampus fuscus)、驼背海马(Hippocampus camelopardalis)和吻海马(Hippocampus reidi)。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的肽生物标志物在鉴别海马物种中的应用,其特征在于,鉴定原则为:
(1)样品中检出且仅检出Pep1时,则认为样品为刺海马;
(2)样品中检出且仅检出Pep2时,则认为样品为线纹海马;
(3)样品中检出且仅检出Pep3时,则认为样品为三斑海马;
(4)样品中检出且仅检出Pep4时,则认为样品为小海马;
(5)样品中检出且仅检出Pep5时,则认为样品为管海马、吻海马;
(6)样品中检出且仅检出Pep6时,则认为样品为棘海马;
(7)样品中检出且仅检出Pep7时,则认为样品为虎尾海马;
(8)样品中检出且仅检出Pep8时,则认为样品为太平洋海马;
(9)样品中检出且仅检出Pep9时,则认为样品为短吻海马;
(10)样品中检出且仅检出Pep10时,则认为样品为驼背海马。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,具体鉴别过程为:
(1)样品制备
精密称定海马提取物,加入水,超声溶解,放冷至室温,精密量取上清液,加入胰蛋白酶,过夜酶解,得供试品溶液;
(2) 采用HPLC-三重四极杆质谱进行分析。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述海马提取物的具体制备过程为:取供试品海马适量置三角瓶中,加水浸泡48h,中间换一次水;除盐后的海马加水250ml高温煎煮3次,分别4小时,3小时,2小时,合并煎煮液,微沸浓缩至液体粘稠,转移至硅胶碗中,于60℃电热恒温鼓风干燥箱中干燥至固体。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述海马提取物和水的比例为0.01g:5mL;所述超声的时间为30min;所述上清液和胰蛋白酶的体积比为50:1;所述胰蛋白酶的浓度为1mg/ml;所述酶解的温度为37℃。
7.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述HPLC-三重四极杆质谱的参数为:色谱柱Agilent Eclipse C18(2.1×100mm,1.8μm),流动相由A(0.1%甲酸水溶液)和B(0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液)组成,进行梯度洗脱;进样5μl,流速为0.3ml/min。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述梯度洗脱具体为:0~20分钟,3%-20%B,20~21分钟,20%-90%B,21~24分钟,90%-3%B,24~30分钟,3%B。
9.根据权利要求4/7或8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述三重四极杆质谱的参数为:模式设置为质量检测器,电喷雾电离(ESI)和正离子多反应监测,鞘气流速为46 L/h,辅助气流速为850 L/h,喷雾电压为 3.5 kV,源温度为 150 °C,辅助气体温度为 400 °C,锥体电压30 V,碰撞电压35 V,溶剂延迟0~1 min和21~30 min使用。
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