CN116283816A - 一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN116283816A
CN116283816A CN202310298926.2A CN202310298926A CN116283816A CN 116283816 A CN116283816 A CN 116283816A CN 202310298926 A CN202310298926 A CN 202310298926A CN 116283816 A CN116283816 A CN 116283816A
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李维民
栾晓声
陈云龙
马瑞
宫奎亮
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Zibo High End Synthetic Lubricating Material Innovation Center
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用,所述添加剂的结构式为:
Figure DDA0004144220450000011
烷基R通式为‑CnH2n+1,n为整数。该润滑油添加剂的制备方法为:将苯酚、烷基胺与溶剂甲苯按一定的摩尔比加入到三口烧瓶中,逐次加入多聚甲醛并控制温度在40‑45℃,在氮气条件下升温至85℃反应5h,产物进行减压蒸馏后获得含氮杂环润滑油添加剂。本发明所制备润滑油添加剂具有良好的油溶性,且由于活性元素氮的存在,能够有效降低基础油在高温下的摩擦系数。

Description

一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用,属于润滑技术领域。
背景技术
机械运动部件在运动过程中不可避免地会发生摩擦磨损问题,据统计,有1/3左右一次性能源因摩擦而损耗,约80%的机器零部件由于磨损而失效,且50%以上机械装备的恶性事故起因于润滑失效和过度磨损。因此,润滑材料在提高安全稳定性,延长设备服役寿命上起到关键作用,是节约能源与资源、建设节约型与环境友好型社会最直接、最有效途径之一。
润滑油添加剂是影响润滑油性能的重要因素,其中氮杂环添加剂由于具有紧凑的结构,良好的热稳定性能,能够吸附于金属表面减小摩擦,因此引起了众多研究者的关注。近年来,苯并噁唑类、苯并咪唑类、苯并三氮唑类、三嗪类以及喹唑啉类等含氮杂环添加剂因其优良的摩擦学性能而在润滑油中广泛应用。如CN107522670A公开了一种烷基乙酰胺基苯并三氮唑衍生物润滑油添加剂,能够明显提高基础油的承载能力,改善其抗磨性能;CN108558786A公布了一种2-氨基苯并噁唑类化合物,由于分子结构中具有利于减摩的活性元素N,可有效降低摩擦系数;CN114292682A报道了一种绿色三嗪类化合物,能够在摩擦的过程中避免摩擦副的直接接触,从而减少摩擦。
苯并噁嗪是由甲醛、酚类、伯胺类化合物合成的一类含有六元氮氧杂环的化合物,其具有合成工艺简单、原料来源广泛、成本低廉、热稳定优异等优点。通过在苯并噁嗪结构中引入长链烷基结构提高油溶性,并利用其结构中氮元素的吸附作用,有望设计合成出性能高效且环境友好的润滑油添加剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂、制备方法及其应用,特别涉及一种苯并噁嗪类化合物作为润滑油添加剂,该润滑油添加剂应用于聚α-烯烃(PAO6)中,可以有效降低基础油在高温下的摩擦系数。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明所述的一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂,具有式(1)的结构式:
Figure BDA0004144220430000021
其中,R基团为直链烷基,通式为R=-CnH2n+1,n为整数。例如,n为4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36、37、38、39或40。
进一步地,烷基R中含有4-40个碳原子,优选地为6-30个碳原子,更优选地为8-25个碳原子。
一种如上所述的润滑油添加剂的制备方法,所述方法包括:将苯酚、烷基胺与溶剂甲苯混合,逐次加入多聚甲醛并控制温度在40~45℃,在85~90℃氮气条件下反应5~10h,减压蒸馏后获得含氮杂环润滑油添加剂。
进一步地,苯酚、烷基胺和多聚甲醛的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:0.9~1.1:2~2.4。
进一步地,苯酚、烷基胺和多聚甲醛的摩尔比为1:1:2.2。
进一步地,所述的烷基胺为十二胺、十六胺或十八胺。
一种如上任一所述的润滑油添加剂的应用,该润滑油添加剂用于基础油中的添加量为1wt%~3wt%,以基础油的质量为100wt%计。例如,该润滑油添加剂用于基础油中的添加量为1wt%、1.2wt%、1.4wt%、1.6wt%、1.8wt%、2wt%、2.2wt%、2.4wt%、2.6wt%、2.8wt%或3wt%。
进一步地,所述润滑油添加剂应用于聚α烯烃基础油。
本发明的技术特点与有益效果:
本发明提供了一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂,具体地为一种含长链烷基结构的苯并噁嗪润滑油添加剂,长链烷基的引入提高添加剂的油溶性,分子结构中的活性元素氮可以有效减小摩擦系数,提高润滑油的可靠性。这类添加剂的制备条件简单,原料价格低廉,反应条件温和,是一类无磷、无硫、无卤素的环境友好型润滑油添加剂。
附图说明
图1为本发明润滑油添加剂的红外光谱图;
图2为不同浓度的实施例1溶解于PAO6中所制备的润滑油的摩擦系数随时间变化图;
图3为不同浓度的实施例2溶解于PAO6中所制备的润滑油的摩擦系数随时间变化图;
图4为不同浓度的实施例3溶解于PAO6中所制备的润滑油的摩擦系数随时间变化图。
具体实施方式
本发明以下实施例中所用的部分原料为:
多聚甲醛(国药集团化学试剂有限公司,80096618)
实施例1
将苯酚9.4g(0.1mol)、十二胺18.53g(0.1mol)和15g甲苯加入100ml三口烧瓶中,搅拌并升温至40℃。分6次逐步加入多聚甲醛共6.6g(0.22mol)(每次加入的质量相同),并控制温度在40~45℃,加入完毕后在氮气氛围下升温至90℃,搅拌反应5h。反应结束后在80℃,真空度0.095MPa下减压蒸馏2h去除溶剂和小分子杂质,获得产物。
实施例2
将苯酚9.4g(0.1mol)、十六胺24.15g(0.1mol)和15g甲苯加入100ml三口烧瓶中,搅拌并升温至40℃。分6次逐步加入多聚甲醛共6.6g(甲醛0.22mol)(每次加入的质量相同),并控制温度在40~45℃,加入完毕后在氮气氛围下升温至90℃,搅拌反应5h。反应结束后在80℃,真空度0.095MPa下减压蒸馏2h去除溶剂和小分子杂质,获得产物。
实施例3
将苯酚4.7g(0.05mol)、十八胺13.48g(0.05mol)和10g甲苯加入100ml三口烧瓶中,搅拌并升温至40℃。分6次逐步加入多聚甲醛共3.3g(甲醛0.11mol)(每次加入的质量相同),并控制温度在40~45℃,加入完毕后在氮气氛围下升温至90℃,搅拌反应7h。反应结束后在80℃,真空度0.095MPa下减压蒸馏2h去除溶剂和小分子杂质,获得产物。红外光谱分析:
前述实施例1-3所获苯并噁嗪润滑油添加剂的红外光谱如图1所示,其中933cm-1为噁嗪环特征吸收峰,1033cm-1和1224cm-1为Ar-O-C醚键的对称和不对称伸缩振动峰,表明酚羟基参与反应生成了噁嗪环中的醚键,2923cm-1和2852cm-1为亚甲基的不对称、对称伸缩振动吸收峰,1138cm-1为噁嗪环上C-N-C的对称伸缩振动吸收峰。以上红外光谱分析证明本发明所述的添加剂制备成功。
摩擦学性能测试:
将实施例1-3所制得的产物分别以1wt%、2wt%和3wt%(均以聚α烯烃(PAO6)的质量为100wt%计)加入埃克森美孚聚α烯烃(PAO6)中,使其全部溶解,制备成相应的润滑油,使用TE77长程高频往复摩擦磨损试验机进行摩擦学测试。上夹具为规格为
Figure BDA0004144220430000031
的GCr15钢块,下部为38mm×58mm×4mm的GCr15钢板,考察线-面接触方式下的高温摩擦学性能。实验条件:实验载荷100N,实验温度135℃,频率10Hz,行程1cm,运行时间1800s。实验结果如表1所示。
表1实施例摩擦学性能测试结果
样品名称 平均摩擦系数
PAO6 0.149
PAO6+1wt%实施例1 0.144
PAO6+2wt%实施例1 0.135
PAO6+3wt%实施例1 0.134
PAO6+1wt%实施例2 0.136
PAO6+2wt%实施例2 0.134
PAO6+3%实施例2 0.132
PAO6+1wt%实施例3 0.131
PAO6+2wt%实施例3 0.122
PAO6+3wt%实施例3 0.120
实验结果表明,所述润滑油添加剂能有效改善PAO6在高温条件下的润滑性能,3种实施例在添加量1wt%时较PAO6的摩擦系数有0.1左右的降低,可见少量添加剂就能明显降低摩擦副之间的摩擦系数,且随着添加量的增加,摩擦系数逐渐减小。同时由图2-4可以看到,实施例1在添加量2wt%和3wt%时摩擦系数曲线基本重合,而实施例2和实施例3则相差较大,这说明添加剂的结构对摩擦学性能也有一定的影响,在添加量相同的情况下,烷基链越长,油品的摩擦学性能越好,具有最长链长的实施例3能够使PAO6的摩擦系数降低约19.5%。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种含氮杂环无磷硫润滑油添加剂,其特征在于,所述润滑油添加剂具有式(1)的结构式:
Figure FDA0004144220420000011
其中,烷基R为直链烷基,通式为-CnH2n+1,n为整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑油添加剂,其特征在于,所述润滑油添加剂的结构式,烷基R中含有4-40个碳原子,优选地为6-30个碳原子,更优选地为8-25个碳原子。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的润滑油添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:将苯酚、烷基胺与溶剂甲苯混合,逐次加入多聚甲醛并控制温度在40~45℃,在85~90℃氮气条件下反应5~10h,减压蒸馏后获得含氮杂环润滑油添加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,苯酚、烷基胺和多聚甲醛的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:0.9~1.1:2~2.4。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,苯酚、烷基胺和多聚甲醛的摩尔比为1:1:2.2。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的烷基胺为十二胺、十六胺或十八胺。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的润滑油添加剂的应用,其特征在于,该润滑油添加剂用于基础油中的添加量为1wt%~3wt%,以基础油的质量为100wt%计。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的基础油为聚α-烯烃。
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