CN116267443A - Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116267443A CN116267443A CN202310232233.3A CN202310232233A CN116267443A CN 116267443 A CN116267443 A CN 116267443A CN 202310232233 A CN202310232233 A CN 202310232233A CN 116267443 A CN116267443 A CN 116267443A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- coal mining
- ridge
- water storage
- mining subsidence
- land
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
- E03F3/046—Open sewage channels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for a coal mining subsidence area in a loess hilly area, which comprises the following steps: 1. determining an ecological restoration scheme of the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area; 2. determining the depth and width of the water storage ditch; 3. determining the height of a field ridge; 4. building a terraced field; 5. setting a water storage system; 6. setting a road system; 7. setting an irrigation system; 8. and (5) ecological management. The invention aims at ecological restoration of a subsidence area, takes water and soil loss control as a starting point, proposes to treat the coal mining subsidence area by using a sponge terrace, adopts plant hedges to treat coal mining subsidence cracks, builds a novel ecological restoration mode of the loess hilly area coal mining subsidence area, realizes efficient utilization of water resources, controls water and soil loss, and improves the ecological restoration effect of the subsidence area, the capability of coping with natural disasters and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration of coal mining subsidence lands, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method of a loess hilly area coal mining subsidence land.
Background
The vegetation coverage rate of the western loess hilly area is low, the rainfall is less and concentrated, the water and soil loss is serious, and the method is classified as a national grade water and soil loss key supervision area and a key prevention area. Meanwhile, the western loess hilly area has rich coal resources and simple geological conditions, and is one of important coal production bases in China. The development and construction of coal fields promote the large development of energy industry and regional economy, but under the disturbance of coal exploitation, a series of problems such as landform change, ground vegetation destruction, ground landscape crushing, water and soil loss aggravation and ecological environment decline occur. How to protect and repair the ecological environment of loess hilly areas while developing coal resources becomes a current urgent problem to be solved. The treatment method at the present stage mainly comprises simple crack filling and land remediation, and can not fundamentally solve the problems of high-efficiency utilization of water resources and water and soil loss of coal mining subsidence lands.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area, which aims at the ecological restoration of the subsidence area, takes water and soil loss control as a starting point, and proposes the utilization of a sponge terrace for treating the coal mining subsidence land, adopts a plant hedge for treating coal mining subsidence cracks, so as to construct a novel ecological restoration mode for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area, realize the efficient utilization of water resources, control the water and soil loss, and promote the ecological restoration effect of the subsidence area, the capability of coping with natural disasters and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, determining an ecological restoration scheme for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area: the coal mining subsidence land is a coal mining subsidence sloping field, the coal mining subsidence land is divided into a plurality of terrace units from upstream to downstream in sequence, the total width of each terrace unit is L, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 101, determining the land coefficient of the terrace unit for agricultural planting: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain an agricultural planting land coefficient m of the terrace unit, wherein R is a runoff coefficient, P is annual rainfall of coal mining subsidence land, and h 1 Irrigation quota selected for combining with crop planting and irrigation modes;
step 102, determining the width of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit: according to the original ground slope alpha of the coal mining subsidence land, and adopting a formula of B=INT (41.612 e -0.068α ) Calculating to obtain the width B of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit;
103. determining the total width of the terrace cell: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the total width L of the terrace unit;
step two, determining the depth and width of the water storage ditch: a water storage ditch is arranged in the terraced fields unit, the width b of the water storage ditch is not more than 1m, and the maximum rainfall h of 1 hour in ten years is set according to the region where the coal mining subsidence land is 2 The corresponding surface net flow generated by the terrace unit adopts the formula
Obtaining the depth h of the water storage ditch;
step three, determining the height of the field ridge: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the height H of the ridge in the terrace unit, wherein beta is the slope of the side slope of the ridge, and beta is more than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees;
building a terraced field: marking the position of each terrace unit on the surface of the coal mining subsidence ground according to the total width L of the terrace units, and building a sloping field section and a platform section at the marked position of each terrace unit; building a ridge between the sloping field sections and the platform sections and downstream of the platform sections according to the height H and the side slope gradient beta, wherein the width of the platform sections is the sum of the width B of the agricultural planting land and the width B of the water storage ditch in the terrace unit;
step five, setting a water storage system: digging drainage ditches on each sloping field section, arranging water storage ditches with the width b and the depth h on each platform section and close to a field ridge at the downstream of the platform section, arranging drainage ditches on one side of each terrace unit, communicating the drainage ditches with the water storage ditches through the drainage ditches, and arranging a filtering mechanism at the inlet end of the water storage ditches;
step six, setting a road system: a field road is arranged on the other side of the terrace unit and one side of the drainage ditch, and a sidewalk is arranged on the upper part of the top plate of the water storage ditch;
step seven, setting an irrigation system: taking the area except the water storage groove on the platform section as an agricultural planting platform section of an agricultural planting land, paving a drip irrigation belt on each agricultural planting platform section, and connecting the drip irrigation belt with an upstream water storage channel through a pipeline;
step eight, ecological management: planting crops on each agricultural planting platform section, and planting pasture on each sloping field section;
when the collapse crack appears in the sloping field, the plant hedge method is adopted to treat the collapse crack.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in step 101, the agricultural planting land coefficient of the terrace unit is equal to the ratio of the width B of the agricultural planting platform section to the total width L of the terrace unit, namely
While the water demand W of the crops planted on the agricultural planting platform section (2) 1 Equal to the diameter W of the terrace unit 2 Wherein W is 1 ＝B×h 1 ，W 2 By calculation, L×R×PLand coefficient for agricultural planting of terrace unit
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the field ridge is the anti-deformation field ridge that forms after setting up reinforced concrete assembled field ridge on the soil ridge, reinforced concrete assembled field ridge includes a plurality of sill posts through bracing piece anchor at the soil ridge surface, adjacent two be provided with the retaining plate between the sill post, bracing piece and sill post mutually perpendicular.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: two sides of the ridge column are respectively provided with a clamping groove for clamping the soil retaining plate, one end of the supporting rod is anchored in the soil ridge, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with the ridge column;
the two ends of the supporting rod are respectively provided with a T-shaped connecting piece, and one side, which is clung to the surface of the soil ridge, of the ridge column is provided with a T-shaped groove for clamping the T-shaped connecting pieces.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the water storage ditch adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure with leakage prevention, and the filtering mechanism comprises a trash rack arranged at one end, close to the drainage ditch, of the water storage ditch and a sand sedimentation tank and a gravel filtering layer which are sequentially arranged at the position, close to the trash rack, inside the water storage ditch in the direction away from the trash rack from the direction close to the trash rack.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the drainage ditch is arranged near the downstream of the sloping field section, and is constructed by adopting a reverse slope horizontal step mode.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the field road adopts a sand stone pavement, and the pavement of the field road adopts natural sand stone, graded broken stone, graded gravel or gravel material to improve soil paving.
The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the drainage ditch is positioned between the terrace unit and the field road on one side, and the drainage ditch adopts a prefabricated U-shaped concrete drainage ditch.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the slope sections for planting pastures and the agricultural planting platform sections for planting crops are arranged to form the terraced fields for ecological restoration of the coal mining subsidence land, so that the erosion effect of water can be effectively weakened, the water and fertilizer are not easy to flow out of the agricultural planting platform sections, and the effect of retaining water and soil is achieved, therefore, the water and soil loss can be effectively prevented while the coal mining subsidence land is restored, meanwhile, the terraced fields are built to help to retain surface soil, and after the terraced fields are restored, the soil curing is accelerated by matching with deep-ploughing, applying organic fertilizer, planting proper pioneer crops and other agricultural cultivation measures, so that the soil fertility is improved.
2. According to the invention, the water storage system and the irrigation system are arranged in each terrace unit to form a sponge terrace, namely, the drainage ditch is arranged on the sloping field section, the water storage ditch is arranged at the downstream of the agricultural planting platform section, meanwhile, the drainage ditch is communicated with the water storage ditch, the runoff of the sloping field section can be stored into the water storage ditch through the drainage ditch and the drainage ditch, meanwhile, the accumulated water of the agricultural planting platform section is introduced into the drainage ditch through the field ditches so as to be gathered into the water storage ditch, the functions of water absorption and water storage can be effectively realized, and meanwhile, the agricultural planting platform section is prevented from being submerged by rainwater so as to damage crops.
3. According to the invention, the drip irrigation belt is used for draining water in the water storage ditch to the root of crops on the agricultural planting platform section at the downstream of the drip irrigation belt, so that the crops on the agricultural planting platform section can be effectively irrigated during drought, the stored water is released and utilized, the ecological restoration effect of the coal mining subsidence land, the capability of coping with natural disasters and the like are improved, and the ecological benefit of a treatment area is improved.
4. According to the invention, the collapse crack of the sloping field is treated by adopting a hedge method, so that the collapse crack is treated, meanwhile, the local micro-landform can be modified, the water and soil loss is controlled, and the vegetation coverage of the treated area is improved.
In summary, the invention aims at ecological restoration of the subsidence area, takes water and soil loss control as a starting point, proposes to utilize a sponge type terrace to treat the coal mining subsidence area, and forms a sponge type terrace after a water storage system and an irrigation system are arranged in each terrace unit, and adopts a plant hedge to treat coal mining subsidence cracks, thereby constructing a novel ecological restoration mode of the loess hilly area coal mining subsidence area, realizing efficient utilization of water resources, controlling water and soil loss, and improving ecological restoration effect of the subsidence area, capability of coping with natural disasters and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sponge terrace of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the sponge terrace of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the reinforced concrete fabricated field sill of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the sill post and the supporting bar on the sill according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention for controlling collapse cracks in a sloping field using a hedge method.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-a sloping field section; 2-an agricultural planting platform section; 3-drainage ditch;
4-field ridge; 5-a water storage ditch; 6-drainage ditch;
7-a gravel filtering layer; 8-a sand sedimentation tank; 9-a ridge column;
10-supporting rods; 11-a soil retaining plate; 12-T connectors;
13-field road; 14-collapse crack; 15-planting furrows;
16-hedge.
Detailed Description
A method for ecologically restoring a coal mining subsidence land in a loess hilly area as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, determining an ecological restoration scheme for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area: the coal mining subsidence land is a coal mining subsidence sloping field, the coal mining subsidence land is divided into a plurality of terrace units from upstream to downstream in sequence, the total width of each terrace unit is L, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 101, determining the land coefficient of the terrace unit for agricultural planting: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain an agricultural planting land coefficient m of the terrace unit, wherein R is a runoff coefficient, P is annual rainfall of coal mining subsidence land, and h 1 Irrigation quota selected for combining with crop planting and irrigation modes;
step 102, determining the width of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit: according to the original ground slope alpha of the coal mining subsidence land, and adopting a formula of B=INT (41.612 e -0.068α ) Calculating to obtain the width B of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit; where INT is a rounding function, and for positive numbers is rounded off directly by removing the decimal part.
103. Determining the total width of the terrace cell: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the total width L of the terrace unit;
step two, determining the depth and width of the water storage ditch: a water storage ditch is arranged in the terraced fields unit, the width b of the water storage ditch is not more than 1m, and the maximum rainfall h of 1 hour in ten years is set according to the region where the coal mining subsidence land is 2 The corresponding surface net flow generated by the terrace unit adopts the formula
Obtaining the depth h of the water storage ditch 5;
step three, determining the height of the field ridge: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the height H of the ridge in the terrace unit, wherein beta is the slope of the side slope of the ridge, and beta is more than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees;
building a terraced field: marking the position of each terrace unit on a coal mining subsidence ground surface according to the total width L of the terrace units, and building a slope section 1 and a platform section at the marked position of each terrace unit, wherein the slope section 1 and the platform section are shown in figures 2 and 3; building a field ridge 4 between the sloping field section 1 and the platform section and downstream of the platform section according to the height H and the side slope gradient beta, wherein the width of the platform section is the sum of the width B of the agricultural planting land and the width B of the water storage ditch in the terrace unit;
step five, setting a water storage system: digging a drainage ditch 3 on each sloping field section 1, arranging a water storage ditch 5 with a width b and a depth h on each platform section and close to a field ridge 4 at the downstream of the platform section, arranging a drainage ditch 6 on one side of each terrace unit, communicating the drainage ditch 3 with the water storage ditch 5 through the drainage ditch 6, and arranging a filtering mechanism at the inlet end of the water storage ditch 5;
step six, setting a road system: an inter-field road 13 is arranged on the other side of the terrace unit and one side of the drainage ditch 6, and a sidewalk is arranged on the upper part of the top plate of the water storage ditch 5;
step seven, setting an irrigation system: taking the area except the water storage groove 5 on the platform section as an agricultural planting platform section 2 of an agricultural planting land, paving a drip irrigation belt on each agricultural planting platform section 2, and connecting the drip irrigation belt with the upstream water storage groove 5 through a pipeline;
step eight, ecological management: planting crops on each agricultural planting platform section 2, and planting pasture on each sloping field section 1;
when the collapse crack appears in the sloping field section 1, the plant hedge method is adopted to treat the collapse crack.
When the terrace is built, when the collapse crack appears on the agricultural planting platform section 2, the collapse crack is synchronously filled and leveled when the agricultural planting platform section 2 is built.
In actual use, the slope section 1 for planting pasture and the agricultural planting platform section 2 for planting crops form a terrace to carry out ecological restoration on the coal mining subsidence land, and as the gradient of the terrace is reduced, the erosion effect of water is weakened and the ridge is slightly higher than the terrace surface, the water and fertilizer are not easy to flow out of the terrace, the effect of retaining water and soil is achieved, and therefore, the water and soil loss can be effectively prevented while the coal mining subsidence land is restored; the terraced fields have obvious functions of water storage, soil conservation and yield increase, are strip-shaped bench-type or wave-shaped section fields built on hilly and hilly lands along the contour direction, and are effective measures for controlling water and soil loss of hilly lands; the terrace has good ventilation and light transmission conditions, is favorable for crop growth and nutrient accumulation, and comprises a horizontal terrace, a sloping terrace, a compound terrace and the like according to different field slopes, wherein the width of the terrace is determined according to the ground slope, soil layer thickness, cultivation mode, labor intensity and economic conditions, and a irrigation and drainage system and a traffic road are planned in a unified way; the surface soil can be reserved by building the terraced fields, and after the terraced fields are built, the soil is accelerated to be cured and the soil fertility is improved by matching with deep turning, applying organic fertilizer, planting proper pioneer crops and other agricultural cultivation measures.
It should be noted that, through setting up drainage ditch 3 on sloping field section 1, set up water storage ditch 5 in the low reaches of farming platform section 2, be linked together drainage ditch 3 and water storage ditch 5 through escape canal 6 simultaneously, can store the runoff of sloping field section 1 to in the water storage ditch 5 through drainage ditch 3 and escape canal 6, and filter through filtering mechanism, simultaneously the ponding of farming platform section 2 is introduced drainage ditch 6 and then is gathered into water storage ditch 5 through the field furrow, can effectively realize the function of absorbing water and retaining, avoid the rainwater to submerge farming platform section 2 and then destroy crops simultaneously.
It should be noted that, the root of crops on the agricultural planting platform section 2 of its low reaches is led to the water in the water storage ditch 5 through the drip irrigation zone, can effectively irrigate crops on the agricultural planting platform section 2 when arid, realizes "releasing" and utilizing the water that will store, promotes the ecological recovery effect of coal mining subsidence ground and the ability such as reply natural disasters, promotes the ecological benefits in treatment district.
In specific implementation, the sloping field section 1 adopts the original ground of the coal mining subsidence land.
The design of the water storage ditch 5 needs to meet the maximum rainfall of 1 hour for 10 years in the bearing area.
It should be noted that the sum of the width of the agricultural planting platform section 2, the width of the water storage ditch 5, the width of the sloping field section 1 and the width of the two sills 4 is equal to the total width of the terrace unit, and the width of the sills 4 can be calculated according to the height of the sills 4 and the slope of the side slope.
In specific implementation, before constructing a terraced field, marking the positions of a sloping field section 1, a drainage ditch 3, an agricultural planting platform section 2, a water storage ditch 5, a drainage ditch 6, two sills 4 and a field road 13 on the surface of undisturbed soil of the terraced field unit according to the determined width B of the agricultural planting land in the terraced field unit, the determined total width L of the terraced field unit, the determined width B and depth H of the water storage ditch 5, the determined height H of the sills 4 and the determined side slope gradient beta.
It should be noted that, the top of the ridge 4 at the downstream of the sloping field section 1 is connected with the bottom of the sloping field section 1, the original slope at the identified positions of the agricultural planting platform section 2 and the water storage ditch 5 is dug and filled according to the height of the ridge 4, the agricultural planting platform section 2 and the water storage ditch 5 are constructed, the positions of the tops of the agricultural planting platform section 2 and the water storage ditch 5 are positioned on the same horizontal plane, meanwhile, a soil ridge is formed at the downstream of the sloping field section 1 and the downstream of the water storage ditch 5, and the soil ridge at the downstream of the water storage ditch 5 is positioned on the original slope; arranging reinforced concrete assembled type sills on the two sills to form a sill 4 with deformation resistance;
the top of the ridge 4 at the downstream of the sloping field section 1 is connected with the bottom of the sloping field section 1, the height of the ridge 4 and the slope of the side slope are known, a ridge 4 is excavated and built downwards from the downstream side of the sloping field section 1, after the ridge 4 is built, the bottom of the ridge 4 is intersected with the top of the agricultural planting platform section 2, and therefore the agricultural planting platform section 2 is leveled from the bottom of the ridge 4 at the downstream of the sloping field section 1.
In actual use, the water storage system and the irrigation system are arranged in each terrace unit to form a sponge terrace, the concept of the sponge terrace is derived from sponge cities, namely, the sponge terrace is guided by the related concept of sponge, the water resource bearing capacity is used as a basis, the land utilization structure of the coal mining subsidence area is reasonably configured, the terrace structure is scientifically designed, the terrace is built to have good elasticity, water can be absorbed, stored, permeated and purified during raining, and the stored water can be released and utilized when needed, so that the ecological restoration effect of the coal mining subsidence area, the capability of coping with natural disasters and the like are improved, and the ecological benefit of a treatment area is improved.
In specific implementation, the field channels 13 are arranged at vertical contour lines, the sidewalks are arranged at parallel contour lines, the tops of the water storage channels 5 are arranged at the same height as the surface of the agricultural planting platform section 2 and are horizontal planes, the tops of the water storage channels 5 are provided with cover plates, and the sidewalks are transformed by the cover plates at the tops of the water storage channels 5.
After rainfall, the runoff of the sloping field section 1 enters the drainage ditch 6 through the drainage ditch 3, and is filtered by the trash rack, the sand sedimentation tank 8 and the crushed stone filter layer 7 and then is stored in the water storage ditch 5; the accumulated water of the agricultural planting platform section 2 is led into the drainage ditch 6 through the field furrows and then is gathered into the water storage ditch 5.
During drought, rainwater stored in the water storage ditch 5 is conveyed to the root of crops in a downstream terrace unit by using a drip irrigation belt for local irrigation.
In specific implementation, pasture planted on the sloping field section 1 is maintained to survive by means of rainfall, crops planted on the agricultural planting platform section 2 are maintained to normally produce by means of water-saving irrigation by means of rainfall and rainwater stored in the water storage ditch 5.
In specific implementation, the drip irrigation belt is paved on the surface of the agricultural planting platform section 2, the drip irrigation belt is communicated with the water storage ditch 5 at the upstream of the drip irrigation belt by adopting a water pipe, so that water in the water storage ditch 5 at the upstream is conveniently conveyed into the agricultural planting platform section 2 at the downstream, the drip irrigation belt is made of a polyethylene plastic pipe, and water is conveyed to the root of crops for local irrigation through a water outlet or a water dropper with the diameter of about 16mm, so that the water is uniformly and slowly dripped into soil near the root of the crops.
It should be noted that, for the loess hills mining subsidence area that water and soil loss is serious, the hedge not only can disperse the surface runoff, reduce the velocity of flow, increase infiltration, intercept silt etc. but also can beautify the environment. The ecological benefit and the economic benefit are obvious.
As shown in fig. 6, when the hedge method is used for treating the collapse crack of the sloping field section 1, the specific process is as follows:
a. preparing land: the top of the collapse crack 14 of the sloping field section 1 is remedied into a planting ditch 15 with the width of 30 cm-50 cm and the depth of 30 cm-60 cm;
b. planting hedge: planting hedges 16 in the planting furrows 15 according to plant spacing of 30 cm-50 cm, wherein the roots of the hedges 16 penetrate into the collapse cracks 14 at the bottoms of the planting furrows 15, and the hedges 16 are selected from amorpha fruticosa with soil balls, the ground diameter of which is more than 1 cm;
wherein, before planting the amorpha fruticosa, root trimming and slurry dipping are carried out, and after planting the amorpha fruticosa, water and fertilizer management, nursery stock protection and pest control are carried out.
It should be noted that, by adopting the hedge method to treat the collapse crack 14 of the sloping field section 1, the local micro-landform can be modified while treating the collapse crack, the water and soil loss can be controlled, and the vegetation coverage of the treated area can be improved.
In this embodiment, in step 101, the agricultural planting land coefficient of the terrace unit is equal to the ratio of the width B of the agricultural planting platform section 2 to the total width L of the terrace unit, that is
While the water demand W of the crops planted on the agricultural planting platform section 2 1 Equal to the diameter W of the terrace unit 2 Wherein W is 1 ＝B×h 1 ，W 2 By calculation, the agricultural planting land coefficient of the terrace unit is obtained
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, in this embodiment, the ridge 4 is a deformation-resistant ridge formed after a reinforced concrete assembled ridge is disposed on a soil ridge, the reinforced concrete assembled ridge includes a plurality of ridge columns 9 anchored on the surface of the soil ridge by support rods 10, a retaining plate 11 is disposed between two adjacent ridge columns 9, and the support rods 10 are perpendicular to the ridge columns 9.
When in actual use, the conventional terraced fields with weak deformation resistance are easy to damage due to certain residual deformation in the coal mining subsidence area, so that the reinforced concrete assembly type members with deformation resistance are adopted to construct the terraces, the deformation resistance is realized, the occupied area of the terraces is reduced, and the cultivated area is increased.
In the concrete implementation, the ridge columns 9 are of a precast reinforced concrete structure with the thickness of 30cm and 50cm, and the arrangement space of the ridge columns 9 is 1.5m; the thickness of the retaining plate 11 is not less than 15cm, and the length of the retaining plate is 1.3m and the width of the retaining plate is 30cm by adopting precast reinforced concrete plates; the support bar 10 is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure with a cross section of 20cm x 20cm.
The reinforced concrete assembled field ridge is a reinforced concrete prefabricated part, and is produced by factory intensive processing, so that the reinforced concrete assembled field ridge is convenient to transport, mount, repair and replace, and the production cost is reduced.
In this embodiment, two sides of the sill post 9 are respectively provided with a clamping groove for clamping the soil retaining plate 11, one end of the supporting rod 10 is anchored in the soil sill, and the other end of the supporting rod 10 is connected with the sill post 9;
two ends of the supporting rod 10 are respectively provided with a T-shaped connecting piece 12, and one side, which is tightly attached to the surface of the soil ridge, of the ridge column 9 is provided with a T-shaped groove for clamping the T-shaped connecting piece 12.
In this embodiment, the water storage ditch 5 adopts the prefabricated reinforced concrete structure of antiseep, filtering mechanism is provided with the trash rack including setting up the one end that is close to escape canal 6 on the water storage ditch 5 and by the orientation that is close to the trash rack to the orientation that keeps away from the trash rack setting gradually in the sediment tank 8 and the rubble filter layer 7 of the position department that is close to the trash rack in the water storage ditch 5 inside.
In actual use, the paving length of the broken stone filter layer 7 in the water storage groove 5 is 2m, the trash rack is woven into a 0.01m square grid, and the square grid is arranged at the inlet of the water storage groove 5.
In this embodiment, the drainage ditch 3 is arranged near the downstream of the sloping field section 1, and the drainage ditch 3 is constructed in a reverse slope horizontal step mode.
In actual use, the drainage ditch 3 is of a soil structure, and the width of the upper opening is 60cm.
In this embodiment, the field road 13 is a sand-stone road, and the road surface of the field road 13 is natural sand-stone, graded broken stone, graded gravel or gravel material to improve soil paving.
In actual use, the width of the field road 13 is 3m, and the pavement thickness is 20cm.
In this embodiment, the drainage ditch 6 is located between the terrace unit and the field path 13 on one side, and the drainage ditch 6 is a prefabricated U-shaped concrete drainage ditch.
The foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any simple modification, variation and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ecological restoration method for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, determining an ecological restoration scheme for the coal mining subsidence land in the loess hilly area: the coal mining subsidence land is a coal mining subsidence sloping field, the coal mining subsidence land is divided into a plurality of terrace units from upstream to downstream in sequence, the total width of each terrace unit is L, and the concrete steps are as follows:
step 101, determining the land coefficient of the terrace unit for agricultural planting: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain an agricultural planting land coefficient m of the terrace unit, wherein R is a runoff coefficient, P is annual rainfall of coal mining subsidence land, and h 1 Irrigation quota selected for combining with crop planting and irrigation modes;
step 102, determining the width of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit: according to the original ground slope alpha of the coal mining subsidence land, and adopting a formula of B=INT (41.612 e -0.068α ) Calculating to obtain the width B of the agricultural planting land in the terrace unit;
103. determining the total width of the terrace cell: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the total width of the terrace unitA degree L;
step two, determining the depth and width of the water storage ditch: a water storage ditch is arranged in the terraced fields unit, the width b of the water storage ditch is not more than 1m, and the maximum rainfall h of 1 hour in ten years is set according to the region where the coal mining subsidence land is 2 The corresponding surface net flow generated by the terrace unit adopts the formula
Obtaining the depth h of the water storage ditch (5);
step three, determining the height of the field ridge: according to the formula
Calculating to obtain the height H of the ridge in the terrace unit, wherein beta is the slope of the side slope of the ridge, and beta is more than or equal to 70 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees;
building a terraced field: marking the position of each terrace unit on the coal mining subsidence ground surface according to the total width L of the terrace units, and building a sloping field section (1) and a platform section at the marked position of each terrace unit; building a field ridge (4) between the sloping field section (1) and the platform section and at the downstream of the platform section according to the height H and the side slope gradient beta, wherein the width of the platform section is the sum of the width B of the agricultural planting land and the width B of the water storage ditch in the terrace unit;
step five, setting a water storage system: digging a drainage ditch (3) on each sloping field section (1), arranging a water storage ditch (5) with the width b and the depth h on each platform section close to a field ridge (4) at the downstream of the platform section, arranging a drainage ditch (6) on one side of each terrace unit, communicating the drainage ditch (3) with the water storage ditch (5) through the drainage ditch (6), and arranging a filtering mechanism at the inlet end of the water storage ditch (5);
step six, setting a road system: an inter-field road (13) is arranged on the other side of the terrace unit and one side of the drainage ditch (6), and a sidewalk is arranged on the upper part of the top plate of the water storage ditch (5);
step seven, setting an irrigation system: taking the area of the platform section except the water storage groove (5) as an agricultural planting platform section (2) of an agricultural planting land, paving a drip irrigation belt on each agricultural planting platform section (2), and connecting the drip irrigation belt with the upstream water storage groove (5) through a pipeline;
step eight, ecological management: planting crops on each agricultural planting platform section (2), and planting pasture on each sloping field section (1);
when the collapse crack appears in the sloping field section (1), the plant hedge method is adopted to treat the collapse crack.
2. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: in step 101, the agricultural planting land coefficient of the terrace unit is equal to the ratio of the width B of the agricultural planting platform section (2) to the total width L of the terrace unit, namely
While the water demand W of the crops planted on the agricultural planting platform section (2) 1 Equal to the diameter W of the terrace unit 2 Wherein W is 1 ＝B×h 1 ，W 2 By calculation, the agricultural planting land coefficient of the terrace unit is obtained
3. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: the field ridge (4) is an anti-deformation field ridge formed after a reinforced concrete assembled field ridge is arranged on a soil ridge, the reinforced concrete assembled field ridge comprises a plurality of ridge columns (9) anchored on the surface of the soil ridge through support rods (10), a retaining plate (11) is arranged between every two adjacent ridge columns (9), and the support rods (10) are perpendicular to the ridge columns (9).
4. A loess hilly area coal mining subsidence land ecological restoration method as set forth in claim 3, characterized in that: two sides of the ridge column (9) are respectively provided with a clamping groove for clamping the soil retaining plate (11), one end of the supporting rod (10) is anchored in the soil ridge, and the other end of the supporting rod (10) is connected with the ridge column (9);
two ends of the supporting rod (10) are respectively provided with a T-shaped connecting piece (12), and one side, which is tightly attached to the surface of the soil ridge, of the ridge column (9) is provided with a T-shaped groove for clamping the T-shaped connecting piece (12).
5. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: the water storage ditch (5) adopts a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure capable of preventing seepage, and the filtering mechanism comprises a sediment tank (8) and a broken stone filtering layer (7) which are arranged at the position, close to the trash rack, inside the water storage ditch (5) in sequence from the direction, close to the trash rack, of the trash rack to the direction, close to the trash rack, of the trash rack, wherein the end, close to the trash rack (6), of the water storage ditch (5) is provided with the trash rack.
6. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: the drainage ditch (3) is arranged near the downstream of the sloping field section (1), and the drainage ditch (3) is constructed in a reverse slope horizontal step mode.
7. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: the field road (13) adopts a sand stone pavement, and the pavement of the field road (13) adopts natural sand stone, graded broken stone, graded gravel or gravel materials to improve soil paving.
8. The method for ecologically restoring the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hilly area according to claim 1, wherein: the drainage ditch (6) is positioned between the terraced field unit and a field passage (13) at one side, and the drainage ditch (6) adopts a prefabricated U-shaped concrete drainage ditch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310232233.3A CN116267443A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310232233.3A CN116267443A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116267443A true CN116267443A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
Family
ID=86821871
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310232233.3A Pending CN116267443A (en) | 2023-03-10 | 2023-03-10 | Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116267443A (en) |
-
2023
- 2023-03-10 CN CN202310232233.3A patent/CN116267443A/en active Pending
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102071697B (en) | Hard reinforced concrete revetment slope biological repairing method | |
| CN110249844A (en) | A kind of shade tree tree pond with drainage device | |
| CN102011379A (en) | Pollution control method of farmland drainage in plain tidal river network area | |
| CN112616494A (en) | High and steep rock building slope restoration treatment structure and construction method thereof | |
| CN105986566B (en) | Multifunctional ecological management method for cavernous body | |
| CN110016886B (en) | Riverway near natural ecological embankment | |
| CN110981097A (en) | Multistage ecosystem that prevents and control agricultural non-point source phosphorus and run off | |
| CN103774627A (en) | Method for constructing anti-seepage type ecological channel in irrigation region | |
| CN110670604A (en) | Hard slope ecological greening system and construction method thereof | |
| Islam et al. | Study on growth of vetiver grass in tropical region for slope protection | |
| RU2563146C1 (en) | Method of anti-erosion protection of relief on polders for growing herbs | |
| CN108867806B (en) | Rainwater garden for rainwater collection, recycling and reuse | |
| CN113585296A (en) | Ecological comprehensive treatment structure for assembled flexible support of artificial slope and construction method thereof | |
| CN112922084A (en) | Rainwater collecting device for water conservancy | |
| CN113374026A (en) | Southwest hilly area sloping field area ditch rainwater is collected and is recycled system | |
| CN109487900A (en) | A kind of the shock resistance drain filtering system of domestic and construction method of concave herbaceous field | |
| CN115316066A (en) | Method for comprehensively renovating water and soil resources of channels in loess hilly gully region | |
| CN116267443A (en) | Ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence land in loess hilly area | |
| CN114718177A (en) | Ecological tree pool system for intercepting rainwater surface runoff pollutants | |
| CN110396983B (en) | Frame beam ecological slope protection structure with drainage and greening functions | |
| CN114182686A (en) | Log frame and recycled concrete combined structure ecological slope protection and construction method thereof | |
| CN113152359A (en) | Ecological reconstruction method for bottom hardened river channel | |
| CN112538797A (en) | Road based on LID facility can be applied to sponge city | |
| CN111945512A (en) | Vegetation maintenance system | |
| CN217498834U (en) | Slope farmland in-situ denitrification enhanced nitrogen removal system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |