CN116253853B - 一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物及制备聚氨酯制品的方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物及制备聚氨酯制品的方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN116253853B
CN116253853B CN202310000267.XA CN202310000267A CN116253853B CN 116253853 B CN116253853 B CN 116253853B CN 202310000267 A CN202310000267 A CN 202310000267A CN 116253853 B CN116253853 B CN 116253853B
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CN116253853A (zh
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温荣政
杜俊超
孙海欧
赵修文
庄远
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Liming Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物及制备聚氨酯制品的方法和应用,所述聚氨酯组合物由A组分和B组分组成,A组分包括以下重量份的原料:聚醚多元醇1:40~70份;聚醚多元醇2:5~20份;聚醚多元醇3:5~15份;聚醚多元醇4:1~10份;泡沫稳定剂:0.3~1份;复合催化剂:0.5~1.5份;扩链剂:10~15份;交联剂:3~8份;水发泡剂:0.4~0.7份;内脱模剂:1~3份;炭黑:1~3份;抗氧剂:0‑1份;粘接助剂:0.1~3份;B组分:多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯。制备得到的材料强度高、可快速脱模、与铝蜂窝芯材粘接性较好,可用于房车侧护板、高铁地板及卡车或火车卧铺板等车用零部件的生产。

Description

一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物及制备聚氨酯制品的方法和 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯材料,尤其涉及用于房车侧护板和高铁地板及卡车或火车卧铺板等车用零部件聚氨酯硬泡材料的生产。
背景技术
蜂窝夹层复合材料作为一种轻质高强复合材料结构,在车用材料、航空航天等领域得到了广泛的应用。蜂窝芯材与物料的粘接性能是决定夹层结构力学性能的关键因素,而蜂窝芯材与物料的粘接性能取决于蜂窝芯材中的物料渗透性和物料本身的自粘接性。
目前,车用蜂窝增强聚氨酯材料大多数为纸蜂窝为夹心层,采用纸蜂窝制备的复合材料其气味和VOC较高,阻燃性较差,且制品强度一般,易变形,不能满足房车侧护板和高铁地板等车用零部件的高强度要求,采用铝蜂窝制备的复合材料强度高,不易变形,气味和VOC较低。但是由于铝蜂窝表面光滑,且有一层氧化层,聚氨酯材料与铝蜂窝的粘接性就是关键。而现有公开的专利中所述用于蜂窝增强的聚氨酯组合物其对铝蜂窝的粘接性都较差。因此,急需一种高粘接性玻纤增强铝蜂窝用聚氨酯组合物。
专利CN 110964173 A公开了一种用于蜂窝复合材料的聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法、聚氨酯泡沫及其应用,其发明的聚氨酯组合物制得的聚氨酯泡沫具有闭孔率高、防水防潮性能优异、VOC低的优点。但其泡沫的闭孔率高,会导致聚氨酯材料与铝蜂窝材料的粘接较较差。
专利CN 105199071 A公开了一种聚氨酯组合料、其制备聚氨酯复合材料的方法及制得产品的用途,所述组合料具有优异的储存稳定性,能够用于制备聚氨酯复合材料,制得的复合材料具有较高的强度、耐高温性能和较多的脱模次数,可用于汽车天窗、汽车备胎盖板、建筑装饰和家具。该材料具有较好的的内脱模性,会导致其与铝蜂窝的粘接性较差。
专利CN101641384A公开了一种制备聚氨酯夹层部件的聚氨酯体系,使用该体系具有化学触变效应的配方,所喷涂的反应混合物在该半成品上未发生显著流动,得到的制品可观察到极好的边缘,特别是在具有尖锐边缘的区域中。但该体系采用三种常用高羟值的聚醚多元醇作为主体聚醚,原液黏度较大,物料的玻纤渗透性较差,导致材料与铝蜂窝的粘接性较差。
专利CN109666123A公开了一种玻纤增强蜂窝夹芯板用聚氨酯组合物及其使用方法,其采用双酚A为起始剂的聚醚,通过三聚反应和阻燃剂配合,在提高氧指数的同时,降低了烟密度等级,材料的阻燃性可达到汽车内饰材料阻燃特性要求,但其与铝蜂窝的粘接性一般,不能满足高粘接性要求。
发明内容
本发明解决的第一个技术问题是提供了一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物。该组合物A组分通过设计一种高羟值高官能度低粘度的聚醚多元醇来降低原液黏度,提高物料的玻纤渗透性,聚醚多元醇的高伯羟基含量和高官能度可以加快材料熟化速度实现快速脱模;通过采用含有长链脂肪酸和较多羟基的蓖麻油作为聚醚多元醇,并在A组分中加入丙烯酸酯类聚合物作为粘接助剂,来提高材料的粘接性。本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供了一种根据高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物制备聚氨酯制品的方法,得到的材料强度高、可快速脱模、与铝蜂窝芯材粘接性较好。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物,由A组分和B组分组成,
A组分包括以下重量份的原料:
聚醚多元醇1:40~70份;聚醚多元醇2:5~20份;聚醚多元醇3:5~15份;聚醚多元醇4:1~10份;泡沫稳定剂:0.3~1份;复合催化剂:0.5~1.5份;扩链剂:10~15份;交联剂:3~8份;水发泡剂:0.4~0.7份;内脱模剂:1~3份;炭黑:1~3份;抗氧剂:0-1份;粘接助剂:0.1~3份;
B组分:多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯;
本发明所述聚醚多元醇1采用蔗糖与二甘醇为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中EO含量不小于80%,伯羟基含量不小于70%,官能度为6,羟值为羟值在450~550mgKOH/g;
本发明所述聚醚多元醇2采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中PO含量不小于70%,伯羟基含量不小于50%,官能度为3,羟值在400~500mgKOH/g;
本发明所述聚醚多元醇3采用蓖麻油,蓖麻油作为天然甘油三酯,其分子中含有羟基和脂肪酸的长链结构,官能度为2.7,羟值为163mgKOH/g;
本发明所述聚醚多元醇4采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷接枝,环氧乙烷封端多元醇,官能度为3,羟值33~37mgKOH/g;
在组合物中加入扩链交联剂主可以提高聚氨酯泡沫的物理性能,同时也可以降低A组分的粘度,提高原液的玻纤渗透性。本发明所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、乙二醇或二丙二醇等中的一种或多种;所述的交联剂为丙三醇、4,4’-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷、二乙基甲苯二胺、间苯二胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺、三羟甲基丙烷等中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的发泡剂为水。水的用量不仅决定着产品的密度,对产品的物性和工艺性能也有影响,用量过少,难以实现低密度化,用量过多,材料的强度和粘接性均变差。
泡沫稳定剂可以调节泡孔的作用,有助于气泡的形成,控制泡孔的大小及均匀性,防止泡沫崩塌。本发明所述的泡沫稳定剂优选为聚氨酯硬泡硅油,包含但不限于德美世创公司的AK158、AK338,迈图公司的L-6970、L-6952和L-6900,赢创公司的B8870、B8409、B8443中的一种或多种。
本发明所述的催化剂包括胺类化合物和有机金属化合物,常见的胺类催化剂的例子包括但不限于双(二甲氨基乙基)醚含量为70%的一缩二丙二醇溶液(A1)、三亚乙基二胺含量为33%的一缩二丙二醇溶液(A33)、二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)、五甲基二乙烯三胺(PMDETA)、四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、二甲氨基乙氧基乙醇(DMAEE)、N-甲基二环己胺(PC12)、三甲基羟乙基乙二胺(Z-110)、N-(二甲氨基丙基)二异丙醇胺(DPA)中的一种或多种;常见的有机金属催化剂包括但不限于二月桂酸二丁基锡(T12)、二醋酸二丁基锡、异辛酸铋、异辛酸锌、异辛酸钾(K15)等中的一种或多种。
本发明所述B组分中的多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯为拜尔公司的44V20L,巴斯夫的M20S,日本聚氨酯的MR200以及亨斯迈公司的5005等中一种或多种。
本发明所述A组分中的粘接助剂由带羟基的丙烯酸酯与带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚通过自由基聚合制备;带羟基的丙烯酸酯与带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚的摩尔比优选为1:0.8~1。基于丙烯酸酯中的酯基和缩水甘油醚中的环氧基具有较强的极性,可以提供较好的粘接性能。其中带羟基的丙烯酸酯选自(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯,(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁酯,2-(羟甲基)丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种,带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚选自烯丙基缩水甘油醚、4-乙烯基苯基缩水甘油醚、邻二烯丙基双酚A二缩水甘油醚中的一种或多种。
所述粘接助剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:将带羟基的丙烯酸酯和溶剂加入反应器中,搅拌均匀,用氮气置换并连续通入氮气;加入引发剂,搅拌均匀后加入带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚,在50~70℃下反应3~5小时;加入链转移剂,恒温反应0.5~1小时,反应结束后降温、除溶剂得到黄色粘稠液体。
本发明所述溶剂选自甲苯、二甲苯、己烷、环己烷等中的一种或多种;所述引发剂选自偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化苯甲酰叔丁酯等中的一种或多种;所述链转移剂选自正十二硫醇、丁硫醇、十六烷基硫醇等中的一种或多种。
所述内脱模剂为烷基酰胺、羧酰胺、高级脂肪醇与氧化乙烯加成物、季戊四醇油酸酯、硬脂酸锌等中的一种或多种;所述炭黑为赢创德固赛公司PRINTEX U碳;抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂,如BASF公司的Irganox 245、Irganox 1135、双键化工的Chinox 1010中的一种或多种。
为解决第二个技术问题,本发明提供了一种根据高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物制备聚氨酯制品的方法,将A组分与B组分以重量比1:1.6~1.8进行混合,然后将混合物料喷涂至上下铺有玻纤毡、芯材为铝蜂窝的夹层材料两面,放入模温100~140℃的模具内,合模后模具排气,然后再合模保压40~50s,脱模即得制品。优选排气2次,排气间隔为3~5s。
本发明所述聚氨酯组合物可用于车用零部件的生产,所述车用零部件优选为房车侧护板、高铁地板及卡车或火车卧铺板。
本发明所述的聚氨酯组合物能够用于制备玻纤增强蜂窝夹芯板,其中聚氨酯A组分黏度为500~900m Pa·s,B组分黏度为170~250mPa·s,混合后10秒内黏度急剧上升,混合物喷涂时无明显流淌和滴落。制备的聚氨酯制品强度高、可快速脱模且物料与蜂窝芯材粘接性好。该组合物可用于房车侧护板、高铁地板及卡车或火车卧铺板等车用零部件的生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例1的组合物与铝蜂窝粘接后破坏状态示意图;
图2是对比例2的组合物与铝蜂窝粘接后破坏状态示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例和比较例中各组分的含量除特别说明外,所用原料的数值单位为重量份。
实施例和对比例中使用的原料如下:
聚醚多元醇1:采用蔗糖与二甘醇为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中EO含量为80%,伯羟基含量为70%,官能度为6,羟值为500mgKOH/g;
聚醚多元醇2:采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中PO含量为70%,伯羟基含量为50%,官能度为3,羟值为450mgKOH/g;
聚醚多元醇3:采用蓖麻油,官能度为2.7,羟值为163mgKOH/g;
聚醚多元醇4:采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷接枝,环氧乙烷封端多元醇,官能度为3,羟值35mgKOH/g;
聚醚多元醇5:采用蔗糖与二甘醇为起始剂,羟值为460mgKOH/g,选用河北亚东化工集团有限公司的4110;
扩链剂:乙二醇;
交联剂1:丙三醇;
交联剂2:三乙醇胺;
交联剂3:二乙基甲苯二胺;
发泡剂:水;
催化剂1:N-(二甲氨基丙基)二异丙醇胺(DPA);
催化剂2:异辛酸钾(K15);
泡沫稳定剂:L-6970(迈图公司);
内脱模剂:季戊四醇油酸酯;
抗氧剂:Irganox 1135(BASF公司);
多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯:5005(亨斯迈公司);
粘接助剂K1:将装有搅拌器、冷凝回流器的四口烧瓶放在水浴中,将水浴温度升到60℃,加入58g的丙烯酸羟乙酯和150g溶剂甲苯,搅拌均匀,用氮气置换并连续通入氮气。加入2.2g偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,搅拌均匀后加入57g烯丙基缩水甘油醚,在60℃下继续反应4小时。然后加入6g正十二硫醇作为链转移剂,再恒温反应0.5小时,红外光谱观察1650cm-1处吸收峰消失,即反应完毕。然后降温,将反应混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂甲苯,得到黄色粘稠液体。
粘接助剂K2:将装有搅拌器、冷凝回流器的四口烧瓶放在水浴中,将水浴温度升到60℃,加入64g的丙烯酸羟丁酯和150g溶剂甲苯,搅拌均匀,用氮气置换并连续通入氮气。加入2.2g偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,搅拌均匀后加入57g烯丙基缩水甘油醚,在60℃下继续反应4小时。然后加入6g正十二硫醇作为链转移剂,再恒温反应0.5小时,红外光谱观察1650cm-1处吸收峰消失,即反应完毕。然后降温,将反应混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂甲苯,得到黄色粘稠液体。
粘接助剂K3:将装有搅拌器、冷凝回流器的四口烧瓶放在水浴中,将水浴温度升到60℃,加入58g的丙烯酸羟乙酯和150g溶剂甲苯,搅拌均匀,用氮气置换并连续通入氮气。加入2.2g偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂,搅拌均匀后加入88g4-乙烯基苯基缩水甘油醚,在60℃下继续反应4小时。然后加入6g正十二硫醇作为链转移剂,再恒温反应0.5小时,红外光谱观察1650cm-1处吸收峰消失,即反应完毕。然后降温,将反应混合物用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂甲苯,得到黄色粘稠液体。
粘接助剂K4:硅烷偶联剂KH560。
玻纤增强铝蜂窝夹芯板聚氨酯复合材料制品的制备:将各原料按下表所示重量份混合均匀制得A组分,B组分为5005。将实施例1-3和对比例1-2中制备得到的组合A与组分B料温控制在(25±3)℃,通过喷涂工艺将A组分与B组分以比例1:1.6~1.8进行混合,然后将物料喷涂至芯材为铝蜂窝,上下铺有双层玻纤毡的夹层材料的两面,通过机械手放入模温130℃的模具内,模具排气2次,排气间隔为3s,然后再合模保压40~60s,脱模即得制品。
下表为实施例1-5原料重量份及制品的物理性能
采用本发明实施例1-3所述高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物与铝蜂窝所制材料受冲击破坏后均为内聚破坏,粘接性较好,最短脱模时间为40s。对比例1为常用的高官能度高羟值聚醚多元醇制备的聚氨酯组合物,其脱模时间为60s。
图1是所述实施例1聚氨酯组合物与铝蜂窝粘接后破坏状态示意图,其破坏主要为内聚破坏,粘接性较好,实施例2,3和对比例1与实施例1破坏状态类似。图2是对比例2中所述聚氨酯组合物与铝蜂窝粘接后破坏状态示意图,其破坏主要为界面破坏,粘接性较差。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种高粘接快脱模聚氨酯组合物,由A组分和B组分组成,
A组分包括以下重量份的原料:
聚醚多元醇1:40~70份;聚醚多元醇2:5~20份;聚醚多元醇3:5~15份;聚醚多元醇4:1~10份;泡沫稳定剂:0.3~1份;复合催化剂:0.5~1.5份;扩链剂:10~15份;交联剂:3~8份;水发泡剂:0.4~0.7份;内脱模剂:1~3份;炭黑:1~3份;抗氧剂:0-1份;粘接助剂:0.1~3份;
B组分:多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯;
所述聚醚多元醇1采用蔗糖与二甘醇为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中EO含量不小于80%,伯羟基含量不小于70%,官能度为6,羟值为羟值在450~550mgKOH/ g;
所述聚醚多元醇2采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷(PO)-环氧乙烷(EO)共聚多元醇,其中PO含量不小于70%,伯羟基含量不小于50%,官能度为3,羟值在400~500 mgKOH/ g;
所述聚醚多元醇3采用蓖麻油,蓖麻油作为天然甘油三酯,其分子中含有羟基和脂肪酸的长链结构,官能度为 2.7,羟值为163 mgKOH/g;
所述聚醚多元醇4采用甘油为起始剂,环氧丙烷接枝,环氧乙烷封端多元醇,官能度为3,羟值33~37 mgKOH/g;
所述粘接助剂由带羟基的丙烯酸酯与带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚通过自由基聚合制备;带羟基的丙烯酸酯与带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚的摩尔比为1:0.8~1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述带羟基的丙烯酸酯选自(甲基)丙烯酸羟乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸羟丁酯、2-(羟甲基)丙烯酸甲酯中的一种或多种;所述带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚选自烯丙基缩水甘油醚、4-乙烯基苯基缩水甘油醚、邻二烯丙基双酚A二缩水甘油醚中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述粘接助剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:将带羟基的丙烯酸酯和溶剂加入反应器中,搅拌均匀,用氮气置换并连续通入氮气;加入引发剂,搅拌均匀后加入带乙烯基的缩水甘油醚,在50~70℃下反应3~5小时;加入链转移剂,恒温反应0.5~1小时,反应结束后降温、除溶剂得到黄色粘稠液体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述的扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、二乙二醇、乙二醇或二丙二醇中的一种或多种;所述的交联剂为丙三醇、4,4’-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷、二乙基甲苯二胺、间苯二胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺、三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述的泡沫稳定剂为聚氨酯硬泡硅油;所述的内脱模剂选自烷基酰胺、羧酰胺、高级脂肪醇与氧化乙烯加成物、季戊四醇油酸酯、硬脂酸锌中的一种或多种;抗氧剂为受阻酚类抗氧剂。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述的复合催化剂包括胺类化合物和有机金属化合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的聚氨酯组合物,其特征在于,所述的胺类催化剂选自双(二甲氨基乙基)醚含量为70%的一缩二丙二醇溶液、三亚乙基二胺含量为33%的一缩二丙二醇溶液、二甲基乙醇胺、五甲基二乙烯三胺、四甲基乙二胺、二甲氨基乙氧基乙醇、N-甲基二环己胺、三甲基羟乙基乙二胺、N-(二甲氨基丙基)二异丙醇胺中的一种或多种;所述的有机金属催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡、二醋酸二丁基锡、异辛酸铋、异辛酸锌、异辛酸钾中的一种或多种。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的聚氨酯组合物制备聚氨酯复合材料的方法,
将A组分与B组分以重量比1:1.6~1.8进行混合,然后将混合物料喷涂至上下铺有玻纤毡、芯材为铝蜂窝的夹层材料两面,放入模温100~140℃的模具内,合模后模具排气,然后再合模保压40~50s,脱模即得制品。
9.权利要求1-7任一项所述的聚氨酯组合物用于车用零部件的生产,所述车用零部件为房车侧护板、高铁地板及卡车或火车卧铺板。
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