CN116235912A - Method for preparing soft solid fry feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed, which relates to the fish meat of commercial fish obtained by a feed preparation process, and the fish meat is steamed and prepared into particulate slurry; according to the feeding habit of the target fries to be fed, feeding nutrient substances into the particulate slurry according to the target nutrition ratio, and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition additive; obtaining fish bones of commercial fish, and boiling the fish bones into fish gelatin with a fixed shape in a frozen state; feeding the phagostimulant and the nutrition additive into fish gelatin in a non-frozen state, and uniformly stirring to form a non-flowable jelly feed; the jelly feed is prepared into soft solid pellet feed by extrusion granulating. The feed particles prepared by the invention are soft, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, adjustable in bright color and taste, convenient to process and granulate and high in fry selectivity; no solid particle residue and less pollution to water.

Description

Method for preparing soft solid fry feed

Technical Field

The invention relates to a feed manufacturing process, in particular to a manufacturing method of soft solid fish fry feed.

Background

China is a large world aquaculture country, is the only country with the aquaculture industry exceeding the fishing industry, has developed cultivation technology and high yield, and therefore a large number of cultivated seedlings are needed in cultivation. The fingerlings for aquaculture in China mainly originate from human propagation and artificial cultivation, and once the artificial propagation breaks through, the fingerlings are the key problems of the aquaculture industry. In general, the cultivation links of the seedlings are more, the technical content is high, the input cost is high, and the seedlings are abandoned before being careless. Particularly, when artificial feed fries are adopted for cultivation, the fries are forced to be selected under the condition of hunger during feeding due to poor palatability and certain nutrition, so that the survival rate of the fries is very low, the physique is not strong, and the cultivation specification is uneven. Therefore, the cultivation of the early stage of the fish fry is important.

At present, a method of using a pool under a fertilizer is still adopted for the cultivation of the fish fries in the early stage of China. Namely, plankton is cultivated in the pond, and from the time, the plankton is in turn monad algae, rotifer, cladocera, copepods, and the like. The rotifers are initial baits for the fries, the fries begin to ingest the cladocera and copepods after 3-7 days, and the fries can be fed with artificial baits after 15-30 days. However, the early stage organ and system development of fish fry is incomplete, and the phenomenon of high ingestion frequency, weak digestion capability and simultaneous ingestion and discharge is shown in the ingestion direction. If a large amount of solid pellet feed is fed at this time, the phenomena of difficult digestion and absorption and poor palatability are necessarily caused, so that the cultured fries grow slowly and have weaker physique, and enteritis and infectious diseases are easily obtained in the later period of cultivation.

The soft solid feed can well solve the problems of difficult digestion and absorption and poor palatability caused by feeding solid pellet feed. However, in the industry, most of the current soft solid feeds use plant starch as a main nutritional component and meat, pasture and other substance components. However, these soft solid feeds are also only suitable for feeding adult fish or other aquatic products in post-cultivation. In the fish fry in the seedling stage, the required nutrients are large, and the feed mainly containing plant starch is not suitable for raising the seedlings, so that the phenomena of difficult digestion and absorption and poor palatability still exist. In addition, soft solid feeds based on vegetable starch are not suitable for fish with predatory or meat-bias.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art, provides a method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed, and solves the problems that the existing soft solid feed is not strong in adaptability, difficult to digest and absorb and poor in palatability.

The invention relates to a method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed, which comprises the following steps,

step one, obtaining fish meat of commercial fish, steaming the fish meat, and preparing particulate slurry;

step two, according to the ingestion habit of the target fry to be fed, adding nutrient substances into the particulate slurry according to the target nutrition ratio, and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition additive;

step three, obtaining the fish bones of the commercial fish, and boiling the fish bones into fish gelatin with a fixed shape in a frozen state;

step four, feeding the food calling substances and the nutritional additives into fish gelatin in a non-frozen state, and uniformly stirring to form a non-flowable jelly feed;

and fifthly, preparing the jelly feed into soft solid pellet feed by extrusion and pelleting.

After the fish meat is steamed, soaking the fish meat in ice water for at least 10 minutes; and fishing out the fish meat from the ice water, draining water, and preparing the fish meat into the particulate slurry.

The particle size of the particulate slurry is less than 10 microns.

The nutrients include avian egg yolk, frozen red worms and/or cladocera.

The fowl egg yolk added into the particulate slurry is cooked, and then stirred with water.

When the fishbone is boiled, the weight ratio of the boiled water to the fishbone is 2:1; filtering out residual fishbone in the boiled fishbone soup after boiling to obtain soup; then cooling and freezing the soup to form crude fish gelatin; and removing the fat layer on the upper layer and the impurity layer on the bottom layer of the crude fish gelatin to form the fish gelatin.

The commercial fish is plankton-feeding fish.

The food attractant comprises a coloring agent and a flavoring agent.

The extrusion granulating mode is that, in particular,

a granulating barrel with one end open is arranged, a granulating hole is formed in the bottom of the granulating barrel, a heater attached to the bottom surface of the granulating barrel is laid below the granulating barrel, and a receiving barrel containing cold water is placed below the granulating barrel;

placing the jelly feed into a granulating barrel, and then starting heating the jelly feed to heat the bottom of the granulating barrel so as to enable the jelly feed to be in a semi-molten state; and then, driving a piston disc to squeeze the jelly feed in the granulating barrel through a driving device, so that the jelly feed in a semi-molten state at the bottom of the granulating barrel drops into a receiving barrel below the granulating barrel through a granulating hole.

Advantageous effects

The invention has the advantages that: the fish meat of commercial fish with high protein content is used as main nutrition component, the fish bone is made into fish colloid, and the nutrition components in the soft solid fish fry feed are enriched by matching the fish colloid and the fish with other nutrition substances, so that the nutrition value of the feed is ensured. In addition, the nutrient components such as protein and the like are easier to be absorbed by fish fries through steamed fish meat and fish gelatin, and the method is suitable for fish fries with different feeding habits. In addition, a food calling substance is added into the soft solid fry feed to play a role in calling the fry to eat, so that the fry can be favored to eat. The feed prepared by the method is soft in particles, good in palatability, rich in nutrition, adjustable in bright color and taste, convenient to process and granulate and high in fry selectivity; no solid particle residue, is not easy to dissolve in water, and has little pollution to water body.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below in connection with the examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way, but rather as falling within the scope of the claims.

The invention relates to a method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed, which needs to select raw materials before preparing the feed. The soft solid fry feed material of the present invention includes matrix part and additive part. The matrix part is fish gelatin, which is used as a containing agent and also belongs to the nutrition part; the additive comprises fish paste, frozen red worms and/or cladocera, egg yolk, pigment and flavoring agent. Wherein the fish paste is used as a main nutrition part; frozen red worms and or cladocera, poultry egg yolk as nutrients; the coloring matter and the flavoring agent serve as food-attracting substances, and play a role in attracting and feeding fish fries. The specific proportion and the specific addition amount can be added and configured according to different varieties and fish fries in different growth and development stages. For example, pure carnivorous fishes such as mandarin fish and California weever, mainly fish, and nutrients can be added in small amounts; the omnivorous fish such as tilapia, fish meat and nutrient substances can respectively account for half of the proportion, and the nutrient substances are mainly added with frozen red worms and/or cladocera; the proportion of fish meat and nutrient substances of the omnivorous grazing fish fries can be half or only 1/3 of the proportion of the fish meat, and the nutrient substances are mainly added into the egg yolk of the poultry.

The specific preparation method of the soft solid fish fry feed comprises the following steps:

step one, obtaining fish meat of commercial fish. After the fish meat was steamed, it was immersed in ice water for 15 minutes. Then the fish meat is fished out of the ice water, and the water is drained. The water-drained fish meat is subject to no water dripping. The drained fish meat is made into a particulate slurry by a beater. The particle size of the particulate slurry is less than 10 microns.

Wherein, the commercial fish can adopt fish eating plankton, such as silver carp and other fish with relatively low price.

And secondly, according to the ingestion habit of the target fry to be fed, adding the nutrient substances into the particulate slurry according to the target nutrition ratio, and uniformly stirring to form the nutrition additive.

For example, in the existing fingerling field, a batch of mandarin fish fries are cultivated, and soft solid fish feed is required for fingerling mandarin fish fries from fish flowers. Since mandarin fish is pure carnivorous fish, about 10% of any one or more nutrients can be added to the particulate slurry, or no nutrients can be added at all. If multiple nutrients are added, the addition may be performed in an average manner.

For another example, a batch of tilapia fries is cultivated in a fry farm, and soft solid fish feed is required to cultivate the tilapia fries from fish flowers. The tilapia fries are omnivorous fish, so that the same amount of nutrient substances can be added into the microparticle slurry, and the nutrient substances mainly comprise frozen red worms, and the ratio of the nutrient substances can be about 80%.

When frozen red worms are used for fries (within fifteen days) in the opening stage, the frozen red worms are dissolved, filtered and dehydrated, smashed by a beater into particles with the granularity of less than about 10 microns, and then added. When the fish fry age is more than 15 days, the water can be directly added without breaking and filtering.

The added fowl egg yolk is prepared by boiling, adding water with the same volume as egg yolk, and stirring.

And thirdly, obtaining the fish bones of the commercial fish, and decocting the fish bones. When the fish bone is boiled, the weight ratio of the boiled water to the fish bone is 2:1. After the water is boiled, the fish bones are steamed with small fire until the fish bones become light and soft, and the water loss is about half of that of the fish bones. And after decoction, filtering out residual fishbone in the fishbone soup obtained by decoction to obtain the soup. And cooling and freezing the soup to form crude fish gelatin. And removing the fat layer on the upper layer and the impurity layer on the bottom layer of the crude fish gelatin to form the fish gelatin. And the final obtained fish gelatin can have a fixed shape in a frozen state; otherwise, the fish gelatin is considered to be failed to be produced.

And fourthly, throwing the phagostimulant and the nutritional additives into the fish gelatin in a non-frozen state, and uniformly stirring to form the non-flowable jelly feed.

The ratio of the nutrition additive to the fish gelatin is 1:1. The added phagostimulant can be about 5% of the total amount of the nutrition additive and fish gelatin.

At normal temperature, fish gelatin can melt and has certain fluidity. However, after the nutritional additives in the fish gelatin, the fish gelatin becomes more thick, eventually forming a non-flowable jelly feed, similar to a jelly.

The jelly feed manufactured in this way can be preserved for a long time at about 4 ℃, has a fixed shape, and is more convenient to transport than liquid.

And fifthly, preparing the jelly feed into soft solid pellet feed by extrusion and pelleting. The prepared soft solid pellet feed has soft pellets, good palatability, rich nutrition, adjustable brilliant color and taste, convenient processing and pelleting and high fry selectivity; no solid particle residue, is not easy to dissolve in water, and has little pollution to water body.

The specific granulating process is as follows:

firstly, set up in the pelletization bucket of one end open-ended, the pelletization hole has been seted up to the bottom of pelletization bucket, and the below of pelletization bucket lays the heater of laminating mutually rather than the bottom surface for slightly dissolve the heating to jelly fodder, in order to pelletize. A receiving bucket containing cold water is arranged below the granulating bucket.

And (3) granulating, namely placing the jelly feed into a granulating barrel, and then starting heating the jelly feed to heat the bottom of the granulating barrel so as to enable the jelly feed to be in a semi-molten state. And then, driving a piston disc to squeeze the jelly feed in the granulating barrel through a driving device, so that the jelly feed in a semi-molten state at the bottom of the granulating barrel drops into a receiving barrel below the granulating barrel through a granulating hole. The dropped jelly feed is cooled by cold water in the receiving barrel so as to form soft solid granular feed.

The pelletization operation can be finished on site, and the prepared soft solid pellet feed can be fed immediately without being carried again.

While only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these do not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed is characterized by comprising the following steps,

step one, obtaining fish meat of commercial fish, steaming the fish meat, and preparing particulate slurry;

step two, according to the ingestion habit of the target fry to be fed, adding nutrient substances into the particulate slurry according to the target nutrition ratio, and uniformly stirring to form a nutrition additive;

step three, obtaining the fish bones of the commercial fish, and boiling the fish bones into fish gelatin with a fixed shape in a frozen state;

step four, feeding the food calling substances and the nutritional additives into fish gelatin in a non-frozen state, and uniformly stirring to form a non-flowable jelly feed;

and fifthly, preparing the jelly feed into soft solid pellet feed by extrusion and pelleting.

2. The method for producing soft solid fry feed according to claim 1, wherein the fish meat is soaked in ice water for at least 10 minutes after being steamed; and fishing out the fish meat from the ice water, draining water, and preparing the fish meat into the particulate slurry.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the particle size of the particulate slurry is less than 10 microns.

4. The method for producing soft solid fry feed of claim 1, wherein the nutrients include egg yolk of birds and frozen red worms and/or horn species.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the egg yolk of the birds added to the particulate slurry is cooked and then stirred with water.

6. The method for producing soft solid fry feed of claim 1, wherein the ratio of water for boiling to the weight of the fry is 2:1; filtering out residual fishbone in the boiled fishbone soup after boiling to obtain soup; then cooling and freezing the soup to form crude fish gelatin; and removing the fat layer on the upper layer and the impurity layer on the bottom layer of the crude fish gelatin to form the fish gelatin.

7. The method of producing a soft solid fry feed of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the commercial fish is plankton-feeding fish.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the food-attracting substance comprises a coloring agent and a flavoring agent.

9. The method for preparing soft solid fish fry feed according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion granulation mode is specifically,

a granulating barrel with one end open is arranged, a granulating hole is formed in the bottom of the granulating barrel, a heater attached to the bottom surface of the granulating barrel is laid below the granulating barrel, and a receiving barrel containing cold water is placed below the granulating barrel;

placing the jelly feed into a granulating barrel, and then starting heating the jelly feed to heat the bottom of the granulating barrel so as to enable the jelly feed to be in a semi-molten state; and then, driving a piston disc to squeeze the jelly feed in the granulating barrel through a driving device, so that the jelly feed in a semi-molten state at the bottom of the granulating barrel drops into a receiving barrel below the granulating barrel through a granulating hole.