CN116223389A - High-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil - Google Patents
High-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil Download PDFInfo
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- G01N2021/458—Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length using interferometric methods; using Schlieren methods using interferential sensor, e.g. sensor fibre, possibly on optical waveguide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolved acetylene in transformer oil, which is a high-reliability in-situ online monitoring system for dissolved acetylene in transformer oil based on double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology and an oil core photonic crystal optical fiber. Comprising the following steps: the device comprises a light source module, an oil dissolved gas sensing module and a data demodulation module. The system is based on the photothermal spectrum principle, adopts an oil core photonic crystal fiber as a sensing unit, and a plurality of micron-sized micropores are drilled on the side surface of the fiber along the axial direction, so that transformer oil is allowed to enter the fiber core, and the system can be directly arranged in a transformer oil tank to realize in-situ detection of dissolved acetylene. The system utilizes the improved Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure to form a double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology, and can directly eliminate noise interference such as external ultrasound, vibration and the like by combining a data demodulation module, so that the dissolved acetylene sensing in the transformer oil with high reliability is realized, the running state of the transformer is further evaluated, and early fault early warning is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical sensing systems, and particularly relates to a high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil.
Background
The power transformer is the most core equipment in the operation of the power grid, and accidents caused by the faults of the transformer occur at time, so that the monitoring of the operation state of the power transformer is a key for guaranteeing the safe operation of the power grid. At present, oil-immersed transformers are commonly used for high-voltage and high-capacity power transformers at home and abroad, and analysis of dissolved gas in oil is a primary method for detecting faults of the oil-immersed transformers. Among the fault signature gases, acetylene is one of the important signature gases reflecting low-energy spark discharge and high-energy arc discharge. Therefore, the method for online monitoring of the dissolved acetylene in the transformer oil is an important means for early fault early warning, and has important engineering significance.
The traditional method for analyzing the dissolved gas in the transformer oil mainly adopts a gas chromatography, and is an off-line detection method, wherein the process needs to take oil from an oil taking port of the transformer, then the oil-gas separation is carried out by a vacuum degassing method or a headspace degassing method, a gas sample is collected, and finally the gas sample is detected by a gas chromatograph. The above-mentioned process is complicated in operation, and the process from the generation of the fault-characteristic gas into the oil and the diffusion to the oil-taking port when the transformer fault occurs takes a long time, usually several tens of hours, and at the same time, the gas sample is greatly affected during the sampling and degassing process, and a large error may exist in the measurement result.
In recent years, the gas on-line monitoring technology based on the optical fiber sensing technology is rapidly developed, and mainly comprises the following steps: photoacoustic spectroscopy, direct absorption spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, and photothermal spectroscopy. However, when the above optical technique is used to directly detect dissolved acetylene in transformer oil, the following problems are involved.
(1) The optical fiber detection technology is used for detection in a gas phase environment, and the oil-gas separation process still needs to be involved in the detection of the dissolved acetylene in the oil, so that the problem of long time consumption still exists.
(2) Because the transformer operating environment has a large amount of noise interference, particularly noise such as ultrasonic and vibration, the noise cannot be avoided or completely filtered through means such as filtering, and the detection result is very easy to cause great error when the gas using the detection technology is monitored.
(3) According to the requirements of SD 187-86 on analysis and judgment rules of dissolved gas in transformer oil, the attention value of the fault characteristic gas of the transformer is usually several ppm, so the lower detection limit needs to reach the level of parts per million, and the lower detection limit is very high.
Aiming at the problems, it is necessary to provide a high-reliability in-situ online monitoring system for dissolved acetylene in oil, which can adapt to the operation environment of a transformer and overcome noise interference, so as to realize early fault early warning of the transformer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil, which is characterized by comprising a light source module, a dissolved gas sensing module in oil and a data demodulation module. The light source module is divided into a pump light part and a probe light part, wherein the pump light part includes: the light source controller, the pumping laser, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, the optical circulator, the probe light part includes: detection laser, optical isolator. The oil core photonic crystal fiber with a plurality of micron-sized micropores drilled on the side surface along the axial direction is used as a sensing unit by the oil core photonic crystal fiber in the oil sensor, the oil core photonic crystal fiber is directly arranged in the oil tank of the transformer, an improved Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure is built based on a photothermal spectrum technology, a double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology is formed, external noise interference can be directly eliminated, and high-reliability sensing of dissolved acetylene in the transformer oil is realized. The data demodulation module consists of a balance photoelectric detector 1, a balance photoelectric detector 2, a phase discriminator, a data acquisition card and a computer, and can realize rapid real-time demodulation of dissolved acetylene concentration signals.
In the light source module, a pump light laser is controlled by a light source controller to emit pump light with light intensity modulated continuously and sinusoidally, the wavelength is positioned at the strongest absorption position of acetylene, and the pump light is amplified by an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier and enters an oil core photonic crystal fiber through an optical circulator to interact with dissolved acetylene in a fiber core to excite a light-heat effect; the wavelength of the detection light emitted by the detection light laser is positioned at the weakest acetylene absorption, and enters the double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure through the optical isolator.
Preferably, the pump laser is controlled by the light source controller to emit continuous sinusoidal modulation light with the wavelength of 1530.37nm and the average power of not less than 5mW, the light intensity modulation frequency is not less than 20kHz, and the wavelength is positioned at the P (9) absorption line of acetylene, namely, the position where acetylene absorption is stronger; the detection laser emits continuous light with a wavelength of 1550nm and a power of not less than 20mW, which is located where acetylene absorption is weak.
Preferably, the wavelength range of the light which can be amplified by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is 1500 nm-1670 nm, the saturated output power is not lower than 20dBm, the maximum gain multiple is not lower than 30dB, and the amplifier works in an automatic gain control mode, so that the pump light power which is input into the oil core photonic crystal fiber after amplification is not lower than 90mW.
In the dissolved gas sensing module in oil, an oil core photonic crystal fiber with a plurality of micro-scale micropores which are deep to a central core area along the axial direction on the side surface is used as a sensing unit, the fiber can be directly placed into transformer oil for in-situ detection, the micro-scale micropores on the side surface allow the transformer oil carrying dissolved acetylene molecules to directly enter the central core area and a small part of air holes of the oil core photonic crystal fiber, the refractive index of the transformer oil in the central core area is higher than the refractive index of a cladding layer, a total internal reflection mechanism of the fiber is formed, and not less than 95% of laser can be effectively bound in the central core area of the oil core photonic crystal fiber for propagation, so that low-loss concentrated transmission is realized.
Preferably, the oil core photonic crystal fiber is prepared from a hollow photonic crystal fiber with the model HC-1550-02, the length is not less than 0.8m, the optical wavelength transmission range is 1490-1680 nm, and the optical transmission loss is not more than 30dB/km.
Preferably, the oil core photonic crystal fiber is drilled with a plurality of micropores which are deep to a central core region every 10cm along the lateral axial direction by using a femtosecond laser technology, the diameter of each micropore is not less than 3 mu m and not more than 4 mu m, the single-pore loss is not more than 0.2dB, and the oil exchange inside and outside the fiber core of the oil core photonic crystal fiber and the low-loss transmission of light inside the fiber core are ensured.
Preferably, the two ends of the oil core photonic crystal fiber are in fusion connection with a common single mode fiber with low loss, the single fusion loss is not more than 2dB, and cladding air holes at the two ends are fused and sealed during fusion, so that transformer oil is prevented from entering the cladding air holes from the fusion parts at the two ends.
In the oil dissolved gas sensing module, a double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology is formed by an improved heterodyne interference structure mainly based on a photothermal spectrum principle, and interference of operation environment noise of a transformer can be effectively avoided by matching with a data demodulation module.
The double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology comprises two optical paths of sensing heterodyne interference and reference heterodyne interference, the two optical paths are basically the same, the same oil core photonic crystal fiber is adopted as a sensing unit and is directly placed in the same area in an oil tank, the difference is that pump light enters the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 through an optical circulator and interacts with dissolved acetylene in the fiber core, a phase modulation signal is generated by exciting a photothermal effect, and the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2 is not excited by the photothermal effect without the pump light. The detection light is divided into two paths through the 1X 2 coupler 1, and one path is taken as sensing light and divided into two paths by the 1X 2 coupler 2 to respectively enter two oil core photonic crystal fibers; the other path is used as reference light, is divided into two paths by the 1X 2 coupler 3 after frequency shift by the acousto-optic modulator, and respectively interferes with two beams of sensing light at the 2X 2 coupler 1 and the 2X 2 coupler 2. And finally, a sensing interference optical signal with the information of the concentration of dissolved acetylene in oil and the information of environmental noise of oil and a reference optical interference signal with the information of the environmental noise of transformer oil only are formed, and are respectively collected and converted into electric signals by the balance photoelectric detector 1 and the balance photoelectric detector 2.
Preferably, the frequency shift of the acousto-optic modulator is not lower than 100MHz, and the phase modulation signal is modulated to high frequency, so that system powder noise interference is avoided.
Preferably, the 1×2 couplers 1, 2, 3 and 2×2 couplers 1, 2 have a spectral ratio of 50:50.
in the data demodulation module, two paths of interference signals are respectively converted into electric signals through respective balance photoelectric detectors and then are directly input into a phase discriminator as two paths of input signals, the phase discriminator compares zero crossing points of the two paths of signals to obtain a phase difference, and an output signal is a phase difference time domain signal of the two interference signals, namely, the phase difference time domain signal only comprises the concentration information of dissolved acetylene in oil, and the signal reflecting the concentration information of acetylene is directly obtained through further acquisition of a data acquisition card and Fourier transformation processing of a computer.
Preferably, the bandwidth of the phase discriminator is not lower than 500MHz, the output voltage range is 0V-1.8V, and the output signal can effectively represent the phase difference change of two paths of input signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that.
(1) The in-situ real-time detection of the dissolved acetylene in the transformer oil can be realized. According to the invention, the oil core photonic crystal fiber with the micron-sized micropores drilled on the side surface along the axial direction is used as a sensing unit, and can be directly placed in the transformer oil tank without any form of oil-gas separation process; the transformer oil carrying the dissolved acetylene can directly enter the optical fiber core, so that the problem of long time consumption caused by the oil-gas separation process required in the traditional detection of the dissolved acetylene is solved, and the in-situ real-time detection is realized.
(2) The anti-interference capability is strong. According to the invention, a double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology is introduced into the dissolved gas sensing module in oil, the frequencies of two paths of interference signals are consistent, the phase difference is only a photo-thermal phase modulation signal caused by dissolved acetylene, and burst interference signal noise such as partial discharge ultrasound and vibration can be directly avoided, so that the reliability of a system detection result is greatly improved.
(3) The lower detection limit is low. The invention combines the photothermal spectrum technology with the heterodyne interference structure, has lower detection lower limit for small signal detection, modulates the phase signal to high frequency through the acousto-optic modulator, and effectively reduces the detection system 1-fNoise interference, so that direct detection of dissolved acetylene in the transformer oil in ppm level can be achieved.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding of the effects and technical embodiments of the present invention, the following detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a high reliability fiber optic detection system topology for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sensing element arrangement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil core photonic crystal fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil, which is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil, which comprises a detection laser, an optical isolator, a 1×2 coupler 1, a 1×2 coupler 2, an oil core photonic crystal fiber 1, an oil core photonic crystal fiber 2, an optical circulator, an acousto-optic modulator, a 1×2 coupler 3, a 2×2 coupler 1, a 2×2 coupler 2, a light source controller, a pump laser, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier, a balance photoelectric detector 1, a balance photoelectric detector 2, a phase discriminator and a data acquisition card.
Referring to fig. 1, the dual mach-zehnder heterodyne interference topology is composed of a 1×2 coupler 1, a 1×2 coupler 2, an oil core photonic crystal fiber 1, an oil core photonic crystal fiber 2, an optical circulator, an acousto-optic modulator, a 1×2 coupler 3, a 2×2 coupler 1, and a 2×2 coupler 2, a sensing arm led out from the 1×2 coupler 1 is divided into two paths by the 1×2 coupler 2, a reference arm after passing through the acousto-optic modulator is divided into two paths by the 1×2 coupler 3, wherein the sensing arm is divided into two paths, and then the two paths of light divided into the reference arm are respectively combined with each other in pairs through the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 and the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2, and are interfered at the 2×2 coupler 1 and the 2×2 coupler 2, so as to form a dual mach-zehnder heterodyne interference optical path.
Referring to fig. 1, a light source controller controls a pump laser to emit pump light with wavelength at an acetylene absorption line and light intensity modulated continuously in a sinusoidal manner, and the pump light is amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and then sequentially enters an oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 through a port 1 and a port 2 of an optical circulator. The pump light interacts with the dissolved acetylene entering the inside of the fiber core of the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 to excite the photo-thermal effect, so that the temperature inside the fiber core of the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 is changed by the continuous sine modulation frequency of the pump light. The detection light with the wavelength at the weakest acetylene absorption from the detection laser enters the double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference light path through the optical isolator and the 1 multiplied by 2 coupler 1. When the detection light at the sensing arm passes through the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1, the temperature inside the fiber is continuously modulated in a sine way, so that the detection light passing through the fiber causes continuous change of the phase according to the modulation frequency, and the detection light in the oil core photonic crystal 2 does not cause phase change due to photo-thermal effect when no pumping light enters, at the moment, after two paths of interference light signals output by the double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference light paths are respectively collected by the balanced photoelectric detector 1 and the balanced photoelectric detector 2, the difference is only that the phase parts of the interference signals are different, and after the interference light passes through the phase discriminator, two paths of time domain signals with phase difference are directly output. And finally, the time domain signal is acquired by a data acquisition card and is subjected to Fourier transform processing by a computer, so that a signal reflecting the concentration of dissolved acetylene in oil is directly obtained.
Referring to fig. 2, the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 and the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2 are directly placed in an oil tank of transformer, and are simultaneously placed near a position where faults easily occur, and dissolved acetylene is generated if faults occur in the oil tank and is directly collected by the two oil core photonic crystal fibers. Because the positions of the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 and the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2 are the same, the phase change introduced by noise interference such as external ultrasound is the same, and the phase difference time domain signal output by the phase discriminator only comprises the phase modulation signal caused by the photo-thermal effect when the detection light passes through the oil core photonic crystal 1, and the concentration of dissolved acetylene in oil can be directly obtained after treatment.
Referring to fig. 3, a plurality of micron-sized micropores are drilled on the side surface of the oil core photonic crystal fiber at intervals of 10cm along the axial direction and are deep to a central core region, the pore diameter of each micropore is not less than 3 mu m and not more than 5 mu m, transformer oil carrying dissolved acetylene molecules is allowed to directly enter the central core region and a small part of cladding air pores of the oil core photonic crystal fiber, the refractive index of the transformer oil in the central core region is higher than the refractive index of a cladding, an optical fiber total internal reflection mechanism is formed, the single pore loss is not more than 0.2dB, the concentrated transmission of light in the fiber core with low loss is ensured, the two ends of the oil core photonic crystal fiber are connected with common single mode fibers in a low loss fusion mode, the single fusion loss is not more than 2dB, and the cladding air pores at the two ends are fused and sealed when the transformer oil is prevented from entering the cladding air pores from the fusion joints at the two ends.
Referring to fig. 3, the photo-thermal interference technology of the present invention is a gas spectrum detection technology based on photo-thermal effect. When dissolved acetylene exists in oil in the oil core photonic crystal fiber, the pump laser emits pump light which is positioned at the P (9) absorption line wavelength of acetylene and has the light intensity modulated by fixed frequency, the pump light interacts with dissolved acetylene molecules in the oil to excite the photothermal effect, and at the moment, after the probe light passes through the fiber, the phase of the probe light can be changed by the same frequency, and the concentration of the dissolved acetylene in the oil can be obtained by detecting the phase change in an interference mode.
Claims (6)
1. The high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil is characterized by comprising a light source module, an oil dissolved gas sensing module and a data demodulation module; the light source module comprises a light source controller, a pump laser, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, an optical circulator, a detection laser and an optical isolator; the oil-in-dissolved gas sensing module takes an oil core photonic crystal fiber as a sensing unit, is directly built in a transformer oil tank and is placed near a fault defect; the system topology is based on Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure, a 1X 2 coupler 2 is introduced into an interference sensing arm, the sensing arm is divided into two paths, the two paths respectively pass through an oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 and the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2, wherein pump light emitted by a pump laser enters the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 through an optical circulator, no pump light enters the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2, an interference reference arm is divided into two paths by the 1X 2 coupler 3 after passing through an acousto-optic modulator, and the two paths respectively interfere with each other to form a double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure; the two paths of interference signals obtained by the detection light through the double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference structure are demodulated by a data demodulation module, and then the concentration of dissolved acetylene is directly obtained; the data demodulation module comprises a balance photoelectric detector 1, a balance photoelectric detector 2, a phase discriminator, a data acquisition card and a computer.
2. The high reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolved acetylene in transformer oil of claim 1, wherein the dissolved acetylene detection is achieved by combining a dual mach-zehnder heterodyne interference topology with a phase detector; the double Mach-Zehnder heterodyne interference topology comprises two optical paths of sensing heterodyne interference and reference heterodyne interference, the two optical paths are basically the same, the same oil core photonic crystal fiber is adopted as a sensing unit and is directly placed in the same area in the transformer oil tank, the difference is that pump light enters the oil core photonic crystal fiber 1 through an optical circulator and interacts with dissolved acetylene in the fiber core, a phase modulation signal is generated by exciting a photothermal effect, and no pump light enters the oil core photonic crystal fiber 2; the two interference signals pass through a phase discriminator to directly obtain a phase difference time domain signal only containing the concentration information of the dissolved acetylene.
3. The high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein the frequency shift amount of the acousto-optic modulator is not lower than 100MHz for modulating the phase modulation signal to a high frequency.
4. The high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein the pump laser is controlled by a light source controller to emit continuous sinusoidal modulated light with a wavelength of 1530.37nm and an average power of not less than 5mW, and the light intensity modulation frequency is not less than 20kHz; the detection laser emits continuous light with a wavelength of 1550nm and a power of not less than 20 mW.
5. The high-reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolving acetylene in transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength range of light which can be amplified by the erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier is 1500 nm-1670 nm, the saturated output power is not lower than 20dBm, the maximum gain multiple is not lower than 30dB, and the amplifier is operated in an automatic gain control mode, so that the power of pump light which is input into the oil core photonic crystal fiber after amplification is not lower than 90mW.
6. A high reliability optical fiber detection system for dissolved acetylene in transformer oil according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the phase detector is not less than 500MHz.
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| CN117192313A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-08 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117192313A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-08 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
| CN117192313B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-27 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
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