CN116218092B - 一种耐高温高阻燃的线缆 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,且公开了一种耐高温高阻燃的线缆,丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体与四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷发生交联聚合,得到DOPO‑聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物,对交联聚乙烯树脂和乙烯‑乙酸乙烯共聚物树脂(EVA)共混改性,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。DOPO‑聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物在电缆基体中形成磷硅阻燃体系,燃烧分解形成含磷酸化合物,可以促进成炭和捕捉燃烧链式自由基,抑制燃烧进程,苯基聚硅氧烷聚合物热分解形成二氧化硅层,与炭层起到隔热阻氧的作用,在协同效应下提高了聚乙烯电缆的阻燃性和耐高温性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,具体为一种耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
背景技术
聚乙烯电缆具有成本低、质量轻、耐化学腐蚀,机械强度优良等优点,广泛应用在光纤电缆、高压直流输电电缆等方面,提高聚乙烯电缆的阻燃性,耐高温等综合性能具有重要的意义,公告号为CN109762108B的专利《环保型永久性聚烯烃阻燃电缆料及其制备方法》,公开了通过聚烯烃分子侧链中引入磷系阻燃剂DOPO,达到永久性阻燃的效果,同时不影响聚烯烃本身性能,得到环保型永久性聚烯烃阻燃电缆。
DOPO阻燃剂的制备方法简单,阻燃性优良,广泛应用在聚乙烯,环氧树脂等材料中,将DOPO阻燃剂与有机硅结合形成磷硅复合阻燃剂,可以起到协效阻燃作用,如文献《磷硅复合物的制备及其改性Mg(OH)2阻燃LLDPE的研究》,报道了用9,10-二氢-9-氧-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)与γ-(2,3-环氧丙基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备了新型磷硅复合物,并对氢氧化镁进行表面改性,提高了聚乙烯材料的阻燃性能。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
本发明提供了一种DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物,应用于聚乙烯电缆中,通过电缆料的阻燃性等性能。
(二)技术方案
一种耐高温高阻燃的线缆,包括如下重量配比的原料,2-10%含DOPO聚硅氧烷共聚物、25-40%EVA树脂、50-73%的交联聚乙烯树脂、0.1-0.5%的抗氧剂:所述耐高温高阻燃的线缆的制备工艺为:将DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、EVA树脂、交联交联聚乙烯树脂、抗氧剂加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
优选的,所述DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物的制备工艺为:
将丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至60-75℃反应2-4h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
优选的,所述将丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷的摩尔比为1:0.6-1.3。
优选的,所述偶氮二异丁腈的用量为反应物总量的1-1.5%。
优选的,所述丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体的制备工艺为:
(1)将摩尔比为1:1-1.3:2-2.6的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、苯胺和多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至110-130℃,反应4-10h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至70-100℃,回流反应6-24h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到反应溶剂中,然后滴加丙烯酰氯和催化剂吡啶,先在0-10℃下反应1-2h,然后升温至35-50℃继续反应6-18h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
优选的,所述(2)中邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的摩尔比为1:2-2.6。
优选的,所述(3)中反应溶剂包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、甲苯、二甲苯、1,4-二氧六环或乙酸乙酯。
优选的,所述(3)中酰亚胺基DOPO单体、丙烯酰氯的摩尔比为1:2.2-3。
优选的,所述(2)吡啶的用量为反应物总量的40-70%。
优选的,(1)拉丝:在常温条件下,利用拉丝机将铜杆、铝杆拉成铜丝、铝丝,使其截面积减小、长度增加、强度提高。
(2)单丝退火:将铜、铝单丝在加热到一定的温度后以适宜速度冷却,通过再结晶的方式提高单丝韧性、降低单丝强度,以符合线缆对导电线芯的要求。
(3)导体绞合:为了提高电缆柔软度,便于敷设安装,将多根单丝按着规定的方向绞合成为导体。绞线形状可为半圆形、圆形、扇形和瓦形等。
(4)绝缘挤出:利用挤出机直接挤出绝缘层。绝缘挤出的主要技术要求包括厚度、偏心度、外观光滑和断面无气孔等。
(5)成缆:多芯电缆使用成缆机将绝缘线芯以一定的排列方式和节距绞合为圆形缆芯,以减小电缆外径,防止电缆由于形状不规则而受损。成缆工序通常包含填充和绑扎,以保证电缆的圆整和稳定,缆芯不松散。
(6)内护层挤出:利用挤出机直接挤出内护层。内护层是保护绝缘线芯不被铠装层所硌伤的结构,主要采用绕包方式。
(7)铠装:铠装层是电缆内护层外侧的一层金属或其他物质,目的是保护电缆不被外界机械力破坏或被化学气体腐蚀,常用结构有钢带铠装和钢丝铠装等。
(8)外护套挤出:以耐高温高阻燃的线缆作为外护套,进行挤出工艺制成电线缆。
(三)有益的技术效果
利用邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)发生加成开环反应,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体,然后再与丙烯酰氯反应,得到新型的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体,最后在偶氮二异丁腈引发下,与四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷发生交联聚合,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物,对交联聚乙烯树脂和乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物树脂(EVA)共混改性,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物与交联聚乙烯树脂和EVA树脂之间的相容性优良,均匀分散在电缆基体中,形成磷硅阻燃体系,燃烧分解形成含磷酸化合物,可以促进成炭和捕捉燃烧链式自由基,抑制燃烧进程,苯基聚硅氧烷聚合物热分解形成二氧化硅层,与炭层起到隔热阻氧的作用,在协同效应下提高了聚乙烯电缆的阻燃性和耐高温性能。
附图说明
图1是丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体的制备反应路线。
图2是DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物的红外光谱图。
图3是电缆装配工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪参考:期刊《热固性树脂》,2017年11月,第32卷第6期文献《邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪的合成及固化》进行制备:
将0.05mol的邻苯二甲酸酐和0.05mol的2-氨基苯酚和60mL冰醋酸混合,加热回流反应6h,反应后冷却、沉淀,用甲醇洗涤沉淀并干燥,得到邻位酰亚胺官能化酚。
实施例1
(1)将0.01mol的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、0.01mol的苯胺和0.022多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至120℃,反应10h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将0.01mmol的邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有0.025mmol的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至100℃,回流反应18h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将0.01mol的酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中,然后滴加0.022mol的丙烯酰氯,以及反应物总量的50%的吡啶,先在0℃下反应2h,然后升温至50℃继续反应12h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(4)将0.05mol的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和0.03mol的四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加反应物总量的1%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至75℃反应3h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
(5)将质量配比为2%的DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、25%EVA树脂、73%的交联交联聚乙烯树脂、0.1%的抗氧剂1076加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
实施例2
(1)将0.01mol的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、0.013mol的苯胺和0.026多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至120℃,反应8h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将0.01mmol的邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有0.026mmol的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至80℃,回流反应6h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将0.01mol的酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到1,4-二氧六环溶剂中,然后滴加0.03mol的丙烯酰氯,以及反应物总量的70%的吡啶,先在5℃下反应1h,然后升温至50℃继续反应12h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(4)将0.05mol的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和0.04mol的四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加反应物总量的1.2%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至75℃反应2h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
(5)将质量配比为4%的DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、30%EVA树脂、66%的交联交联聚乙烯树脂、0.2%的抗氧剂1076加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
实施例3
(1)将0.01mol的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、0.013mol的苯胺和0.026多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至130℃,反应4h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将0.01mmol的邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有0.026mmol的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至80℃,回流反应12h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将0.01mol的酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到二甲亚砜溶剂中,然后滴加0.026mol的丙烯酰氯,以及反应物总量的70%的吡啶,先在0℃下反应2h,然后升温至40℃继续反应18h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(4)将0.05mol的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和0.065mol的四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加反应物总量的1.5%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至75℃反应3h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
(5)将质量配比为6%的DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、40%EVA树脂、54%的交联交联聚乙烯树脂、0.5%的抗氧剂1076加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
实施例4
(1)将0.01mol的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、0.012mol的苯胺和0.025多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至130℃,反应4h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将0.01mmol的邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有0.026mmol的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至70℃,回流反应6h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将0.01mol的酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到乙酸乙酯溶剂中,然后滴加0.022mol的丙烯酰氯,以及反应物总量的40%的吡啶,先在10℃下反应2h,然后升温至40℃继续反应12h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(4)将0.05mol的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和0.05mol的四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加反应物总量的1.5%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至60℃反应3h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
(5)将质量配比为8%的DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、30%EVA树脂、62%的交联交联聚乙烯树脂、0.2%的抗氧剂1076加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
实施例5
(1)将0.01mol的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、0.01mol的苯胺和0.02多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至120℃,反应10h,冷却、减压蒸馏,粗产物加入到乙酸乙酯中重结晶,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪。
(2)将0.01mmol的邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有0.026mmol的9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至80℃,回流反应12h,冷却、减压浓缩,正己烷洗涤粗产物,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(3)将0.01mol的酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到甲苯溶剂中,然后滴加0.022mol的丙烯酰氯,以及反应物总量的70%的吡啶,先在10℃下反应1h,然后升温至50℃继续反应6h,减压浓缩、粗产物用乙醇重结晶,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
(4)将0.05mol的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和0.065mol的四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加反应物总量的1%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至75℃反应2h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物。
(5)将质量配比为10%的DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、30%EVA树脂、60%的交联交联聚乙烯树脂、0.2%的抗氧剂1076加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆。
红外光谱分析:DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物红外光谱中1440cm-1为苯环骨架的特征吸收峰,1294cm-1为DOPO结构够P=O的吸收峰,1184cm-1为聚硅氧烷结构中Si-O的收缩振动吸收峰。
耐高温高阻燃的线缆的力学性能和阻燃性能参照、JB/T10436-2004、UL94防火标准方法和GB/T 2406.1-2008。
实施例1-5制备的聚乙烯电缆的抗拉强度得到25.6MPa,UL-94等级在V-1至V-0之间,极限氧指数LOI最高达到32.9%。
Claims (6)
1.一种耐高温高阻燃的线缆,包括如下重量配比的原料,2-10%含DOPO聚硅氧烷共聚物、25-40%EVA树脂、50-73%的交联聚乙烯树脂、0.1-0.5%的抗氧剂、其特征在于:所述耐高温高阻燃的线缆的制备工艺为:将DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物、EVA树脂、交联交联聚乙烯树脂、抗氧剂加入到双辊开炼机中熔融共混,然后将物料在挤出机中进行造粒,最后将母粒在管材挤出机中熔融挤出、成型,得到耐高温高阻燃的线缆;
所述DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物的制备工艺为:将摩尔比为1:0.6-1.3的丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体和四甲基二乙烯基二硅氧烷溶解到N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,然后滴加偶氮二异丁腈,在氮气氛围中加热至60-75℃反应2-4h,反应后过滤溶剂,乙醇洗涤,得到DOPO-聚硅氧烷阻燃共聚物;
所述丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体的制备工艺为:
(1)将摩尔比为1:1-1.3:2-2.6的邻位酰亚胺官能化酚、苯胺和多聚甲醛加入到二甲苯溶剂中,加热至110-130℃,反应4-10h,得到邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪;
(2)将邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪溶解到1,4-二氧六环中,然后滴加含有9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的乙醇溶液,搅拌均匀后加热至70-100℃,回流反应6-24h,得到酰亚胺基DOPO单体;
(3)将酰亚胺基DOPO单体溶解到反应溶剂中,然后滴加丙烯酰氯和催化剂吡啶,先在0-10℃下反应1-2h,然后升温至35-50℃继续反应6-18h,得到丙烯酸酯酰亚胺基DOPO单体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温高阻燃的线缆,其特征在于:所述偶氮二异丁腈的用量为反应物总量的1-1.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温高阻燃的线缆,其特征在于:所述(2)中邻苯酰亚胺苯并恶嗪和9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物的摩尔比为1:2-2.6。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温高阻燃的线缆,其特征在于:所述(3)中反应溶剂包括N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、甲苯、二甲苯、1,4-二氧六环或乙酸乙酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温高阻燃的线缆,其特征在于:所述(3)中酰亚胺基DOPO单体、丙烯酰氯的摩尔比为1:2.2-3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耐高温高阻燃的线缆,其特征在于:所述(3)吡啶的用量为反应物总量的40-70%。
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