CN116215017B - 一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1~2份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.01~0.05份和玻化微珠5~8份；中间层为玻璃纤维布；表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.5~1份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.05~0.1份，玻化微珠5~8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05~0.1份和反热辐射粉料0.01~0.02份。本发明提供的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，具有保温性能强，持久耐用等特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域，具体涉及一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷基复合材料是以陶瓷为基体与各种纤维复合的一类复合材料。陶瓷基体可为氮化硅、碳化硅等高温结构陶瓷。这些先进陶瓷具有耐高温、高强度和刚度、相对重量较轻、抗腐蚀等优异性能，而其致命的弱点是具有脆性，处于应力状态时，会产生裂纹，甚至断裂导致材料失效。而采用高强度、高弹性的纤维与基体复合，则是提高陶瓷韧性和可靠性的一个有效的方法。纤维能阻止裂纹的扩展，从而得到有优良韧性的纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料。陶瓷基复合材料具有优异的耐高温性能，主要用作高温及耐磨制品。其最高使用温度主要取决于基体特征。
申请号为201911271600.0公开了一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制作方法。将制成的浆料A注入真空吸水模具进行脱水处理，待水下降后，将制成的浆料B布在表层，继续脱水，使产品形成保温绝热复合层，干燥后作为毡状保温绝热包裹材料使用。采用本发明方法制成的保温绝热的毡状片材使用了现有保温材料的组合，利用了不同材料在不同温度段不同的导热系数发挥出各自的优势，形成了复合结构，产生了复合性能，不但结构强度、韧性和保温绝热性能与传统纤维材料有诸多优势，尤其是分为上层和下层，上层强度高，能够耐受一般性冲击，而下层保温绝热性好，使得材料具有优异的性能。适宜作为陶瓷质多腔孔复合型保温绝热材料应用。
申请号为202010960991.3公开了一种压制成型制备复合型保温材料的方法。采用海泡石纤维、含锆硅酸铝纤维、耐高温短切玻璃纤维，闭孔玻化微珠、膨化蛭石、气相型二氧化硅，阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯醇组成复合材料，加水制成浆料，所得浆料通过模具压制成型，烘干后成为成品保温材料型材。采用本发明方法制成的保温材料，通过有机和无机材料的组合，充分利用了无机材料耐火等级高和有机材料绝热性能好的优点，同时在结构强度、保温绝热性能和施工应用便利性上，相比传统单一材质构成的保温材料有诸多优势。适宜作为多种工程领域中结构复合型保温绝热材料应用。
现有技术中陶瓷复合材料存在用水过多，需要大量能源烘干等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中陶瓷复合材料存在用水过多，需要大量能源烘干等问题，提供了一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，具有保温性能强，持久耐用等特性。
本发明提供一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1~2份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.01~0.05份和玻化微珠5~8份；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.5~1份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.05~0.1份，玻化微珠5~8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05~0.1份和反热辐射粉料0.01~0.02份。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1.2份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.02份和玻化微珠6份。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.8份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.06份，玻化微珠6份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和反热辐射粉料0.01份。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，反热辐射粉料为二氧化钛、氧化铈或石英粉。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，中间层为玻璃纤维布。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，复合材料的制备包括以下步骤：
S1、将硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，海泡石纤维，聚乙烯醇和玻化微珠置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到底层；
S2、将硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，海泡石纤维，聚乙烯醇，玻化微珠，亲水型气相二氧化硅和反热辐射粉料置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到表层；
S3、将底层平铺在无纺布上，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋开始1min后在无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S4、在底层表面铺设玻璃纤维布，并进行找平；
S5、将表层平铺在所述玻璃纤维布上，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋开始1min后在无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S6、对表面进行找平；
S7、对材料进行烘干，温度为85℃、时长60min，烘干过程中进行通风，即得到多孔陶瓷复合绝热材料。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，步骤S3和步骤S5中喷淋的总水量为20~25kg。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，步骤S3中底层平铺的厚度为12mm。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，步骤S4中找平后材料厚度为8mm。
本发明所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，作为优选方式，步骤S6中找平后材料厚度为8mm。
本发明具有以下优点：
（1）相比传统液相混合法大量减少了用水量---减少约60%；
（2）大幅缩短了烘干时间及对应的能耗---减少约3-5h；
（3）配料中不使用分散剂/消泡剂等有机原材料，防止了污染及气味问题。
实施方式
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1.2份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.02份和玻化微珠6份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.8份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.06份，玻化微珠6份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和二氧化钛0.01份。
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1份，海泡石纤维4份，聚乙烯醇0.01份和玻化微珠5份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1份，海泡石纤维4份，聚乙烯醇0.1份，玻化微珠5份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和二氧化钛0.01份。
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉2份，海泡石纤维6份，聚乙烯醇0.05份和玻化微珠8份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.5份，海泡石纤维4份，聚乙烯醇1份，玻化微珠8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.1份和氧化铈0.02份。
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1份，海泡石纤维6份，聚乙烯醇0.05份和玻化微珠8份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1份，海泡石纤维6份，聚乙烯醇1份，玻化微珠8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和氧化铈0.02份。
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1.2份，海泡石纤维5份，聚乙烯醇0.05份和玻化微珠6份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.8份，海泡石纤维4份，聚乙烯醇0.05份，玻化微珠7份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和石英粉0.01份。
实施例
一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，复合材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
底层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1.5份，海泡石纤维6份，聚乙烯醇0.05份和玻化微珠8份；
中间层为玻璃纤维布；
表层包括以下质量份原料：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1份，海泡石纤维5份，聚乙烯醇0.05份，玻化微珠8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和石英粉0.01份。
实施例1~6的制备方法如下：
S1、将硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，海泡石纤维，聚乙烯醇和玻化微珠置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到底层；
S2、将硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，海泡石纤维，聚乙烯醇，玻化微珠，亲水型气相二氧化硅和反热辐射粉料置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到表层；
S3、将底层平铺在无纺布上，厚度为12mm，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋的总水量为20~25kg，喷淋开始1min后在无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S4、在底层表面铺设玻璃纤维布，并进行找平，材料厚度为8mm；
S5、将表层平铺在所述玻璃纤维布上，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋的总水量为20~25kg，喷淋开始1min后在无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S6、对表面进行找平，材料厚度为8mm；
S7、对材料进行烘干，温度为85℃、时长60min，烘干过程中进行通风，即得到多孔陶瓷复合绝热材料。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：
所述复合绝热材料由依次设置的底层、中间层和表层组成；
所述底层由以下质量份原料组成：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1~2份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.01~0.05份和玻化微珠5~8份；
所述中间层为玻璃纤维布；
所述表层由以下质量份原料组成：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.5~1份，海泡石纤维4~6份，聚乙烯醇0.05~0.1份，玻化微珠5~8份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05~0.1份和反热辐射粉料0.01~0.02份；
所述复合绝热材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1、将所述硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，所述海泡石纤维，所述聚乙烯醇和所述玻化微珠置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到所述底层；
S2、将所述硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉，所述海泡石纤维，所述聚乙烯醇，所述玻化微珠，所述亲水型气相二氧化硅和所述反热辐射粉料置入干式搅拌机混合均匀，得到所述表层；
S3、将所述底层平铺在无纺布上，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋开始1min后在所述无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S4、在所述底层表面铺设玻璃纤维布，并进行找平；
S5、将所述表层平铺在所述玻璃纤维布上，使用喷淋均匀喷水3min至材料表面，喷淋开始1min后在所述无纺布下进行抽滤，抽滤与喷淋同时结束；
S6、对表面进行找平；
S7、对材料进行烘干，温度为85℃、时长60min，烘干过程中进行通风，即得到所述多孔陶瓷复合绝热材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述底层由以下质量份原料组成：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉1.2份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.02份和玻化微珠6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表层由以下质量份原料组成：硅酸铝陶瓷纤维棉0.8份，海泡石纤维4.5份，聚乙烯醇0.06份，玻化微珠6份，亲水型气相二氧化硅0.05份和反热辐射粉料0.01份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述反热辐射粉料为二氧化钛、氧化铈或石英粉。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3和步骤S5中喷淋的总水量为20~25kg。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述底层平铺的厚度为12mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S4中找平后材料厚度为8mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种多腔孔陶瓷复合绝热材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S6中找平后材料厚度为8mm。
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