CN116199962A - 一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及隔离袋的技术领域,具体公开了一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋及其制备方法。一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,包括基材层,所述基材层以下重量份物质:50‑70份聚乙烯、30‑40份纤维、5‑20份增容剂和5‑10份防腐剂,所述防腐剂包括硅灰石,所述纤维包括玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维。其制备方法为:取增容剂、纤维和防腐剂搅拌混合,制得分散料,将分散料与聚乙烯混合,熔融挤出,拉伸,成型,制得隔离袋。本申请的尸体隔离袋可用于尸体的收敛,其具有高防渗透性、耐腐蚀、高强度的优点。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及隔离袋的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋及其制备方法。
背景技术
尸袋的使用出于对逝者的尊重,是殡仪馆、医院、消防、公安等单位必不可少的装运工具,具有携带方便,承重强度高、密封性好、防渗漏等特点。
尸体隔离袋的材质通常为牛津布、春亚纺、无纺布、尼龙布、PVC防水布,OPP,PE,PVA,LLDP等。
针对上述相关技术,由于尸体被发现的时间不一,尸体被发现或收敛时,尸体可能已发生腐败,产生尸胺、尸碱等液体物质以及硫化氢、氨、甲烷等气体物质,液体物质以及气体物质的堆积,较易导致尸体隔离袋渗漏同时,由于尸僵等现象的原因,尸体的重量也显著提升,而目前隔离袋较难兼顾强度以及防渗隔离效果。
发明内容
为了提高隔离袋的强度以及防渗隔离效果,本申请提供一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,采用如下的技术方案:一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,包括基材层,所述基材层以下重量份物质:50-70份聚乙烯、30-40份纤维、5-20份增容剂和5-10份防腐剂,所述防腐剂包括硅灰石,所述纤维包括玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,首先本申请技术方案中采用玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维配添加至基材层中,秸秆纤维和竹原纤维包括纤维素、半纤维素以及木质素,具有高强度、易于加工,而玻璃纤维具有耐高温、力学强度高,硬度大,因此混合纤维能够协同提高基材层的拉伸强度、断裂韧性、冲击性能,降低隔离袋发生破裂的可能性。
本申请技术方案中还添加了硅灰石,硅灰石具有较佳的白度、良好的介电性能、优良的热稳定性、耐酸碱且无毒环保,添加至聚乙烯中,通过自身的刚性的结构,能够阻止银纹、裂纹,在补强的同时,阻碍聚乙烯的开裂,即进一步延长隔离袋的使用寿命。
此外,通过硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的牢固结合,能够密封隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋内外能够有效隔离,降低隔离袋内的液体渗出的可能性。并且硅灰石与纤维之间能够形成相互负载的结构,能够共同在聚乙烯中形成交错的网络结构,提高隔离袋的韧性、强度的同时,密闭隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋在获得优良强度的同时,获得较佳的防渗透效果。
优选的,所述防腐剂还包括氧化石墨烯,所述氧化石墨烯为经聚多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺交联修饰的改性石墨烯。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中优选采用在防腐剂中添加氧化石墨烯,氧化石墨烯的二维片状结构能够阻隔腐蚀介质渗入基体,延长腐蚀介质扩散介质,提高隔离袋的耐腐蚀效果。通过聚多巴胺与聚乙烯亚胺进行修饰改性,首先在氧化石墨烯表面形成粘附层,并在氧化石墨烯表面引入大量活性官能基团,能够有效强化氧化石墨烯与基材层之间的界面粘结强度,降低界面缺陷引起的腐蚀扩展现象。
优选的,所述改性石墨烯的制备方法包括以下步骤:取氧化石墨烯、聚多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺分别溶于缓冲溶液中,搅拌混合,离心分离,保留沉淀物,水洗,干燥得到改性石墨烯。
优选的,所述玻璃纤维为连续玻璃纤维。
通过采用上述技术方案,连续玻璃纤维以连续形式存在,能够充分发挥玻璃纤维优良的力学性能,有效改善隔离袋的力学性能。并且连续纤维更易在基材层中构筑交联的网络结构,改善隔离袋的韧性以及强度。
优选的,所述增容剂选自马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物中的任意一种。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中通过在基材层中添加增容剂,增容剂能够纤维进行包裹,进而提高纤维与聚乙烯之间的接触面积以及结合牢固性,降低纤维渗出的可能性,提高基材层的整体性,有利于纤维在基材层中形成交错的网络结构,稳定改善基材层的强度。
优选的,所述硅灰石为经硅烷偶联剂DB550改性处理的硅灰石。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中优选采用硅烷偶联剂对硅灰石进行改性处理,在硅灰石表面负载硅烷基团,降低硅灰石的表面能,提高硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的相容性,提高硅灰石在聚乙烯中的分散均匀性,降低硅灰石团聚导致基材层耐腐蚀性不均的可能性。此外,通过硅烷偶联剂的改性后,硅灰石能够进一步负载于纤维上,即增大纤维网络的接触面积,进一步提高纤维与聚乙烯之间的结合牢固性,密封纤维与聚乙烯之间产生的界面缺陷,进一步提高基材层的强度。
优选的,所述基材层外设有耐磨层,所述耐磨层包括聚氨酯树脂、耐磨填料和助剂,所述耐磨填料选自陶砂或碳酸钙。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中优选采用在基材层外设置耐磨层,通过陶砂或碳酸钙作为耐磨粒子,陶砂具有较多的孔隙结构,即陶砂具有较低的密度以及质量,不仅能够赋予耐磨层表面较为稳定的凸起结构,还能够降低耐磨层的重量,即形成质轻且耐磨性优异的耐磨层,降低了隔离袋装载尸体后发生摩擦至破损的可能性,进而隔离袋内液体不易外露产生污染,延长隔离袋的使用寿命。
优选的,所述聚氨酯树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:取蓖麻油、聚醚多元醇真空脱水,降温,加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温反应,降温脱气出料,制得聚氨酯树脂。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中采用蓖麻油与聚醚多元醇配合作为聚氨酯树脂的主要原料,能够有效提高聚氨酯树脂的交联度,最终形成的耐磨层能够获得较为优异的拉伸性能以及成膜效果。
第二方面,本申请提供一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取增容剂、纤维和防腐剂搅拌混合,制得分散料,将分散料与聚乙烯混合,熔融挤出,拉伸,成型,制得隔离袋。
通过采用上述技术方案,本申请技术方案中优选采用预先将增容剂与纤维、防腐剂混合,提高了纤维与防腐剂在聚乙烯中的相容性,降低纤维团聚的可能性的同时,促进防腐剂与纤维之间的相互负载以及纤维间的网络结构的构筑,能够有效提高隔离袋的防渗效果以及韧性。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、由于本申请采用玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维配添加至基材层中,秸秆纤维和竹原纤维包括纤维素、半纤维素以及木质素,具有高强度、易于加工,而玻璃纤维具有耐高温、力学强度高,硬度大,因此混合纤维能够协同提高基材层的拉伸强度、断裂韧性、冲击性能,降低隔离袋发生破裂的可能性。在基材层中添加硅灰石,硅灰石具有较佳的白度、良好的介电性能、优良的热稳定性、耐酸碱且无毒环保,添加至聚乙烯中,通过自身的刚性的结构,能够阻止银纹、裂纹,在补强的同时,阻碍聚乙烯的开裂,即进一步延长隔离袋的使用寿命。此外,通过硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的牢固结合,能够密封隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋内外能够有效隔离,降低隔离袋内的液体渗出的可能性。并且硅灰石与纤维之间能够形成相互负载的结构,能够共同在聚乙烯中形成交错的网络结构,提高隔离袋的韧性、强度的同时,密闭隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋在获得优良强度的同时,获得较佳的防渗透效果。
2、本申请中优选采用硅烷偶联剂对硅灰石进行改性处理,在硅灰石表面负载硅烷基团,降低硅灰石的表面能,提高硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的相容性,提高硅灰石在聚乙烯中的分散均匀性,降低硅灰石团聚导致基材层耐腐蚀性不均的可能性。此外,通过硅烷偶联剂的改性后,硅灰石能够进一步负载于纤维上,即增大纤维网络的接触面积,进一步提高纤维与聚乙烯之间的结合牢固性,密封纤维与聚乙烯之间产生的界面缺陷,进一步提高基材层的强度。
3、本申请的方法,采用预先将增容剂与纤维、防腐剂混合,提高了纤维与防腐剂在聚乙烯中的相容性,降低纤维团聚的可能性的同时,促进防腐剂与纤维之间的相互负载以及纤维间的网络结构的构筑,能够有效提高隔离袋的防渗效果以及韧性。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
制备例
秸秆纤维制备例
制备例1
取秸秆纤维置于质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,室温浸泡处理8h,过滤,分离,保留固体物,干燥,得到秸秆纤维。
制备例2
取竹原纤维置于质量分数为5%的氢氧化钠水溶液中,室温浸泡处理8h,过滤,分离,得到竹原纤维。
制备例3
取5kg短纤玻璃纤维、2.5kg秸秆纤维和2.5kg竹原纤维,搅拌混合,制得纤维1。
制备例4
取5kg长纤玻璃纤维、2.5kg秸秆纤维和2.5kg竹原纤维,搅拌混合,制得纤维2。
制备例5
取5kg连续玻璃纤维、2.5kg秸秆纤维和2.5kg竹原纤维,搅拌混合,制得纤维3。
改性石墨烯制备例
制备例6
取1kg氧化石墨烯、1kg多巴胺和1kg聚乙烯亚胺,分别将氧化石墨烯、多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺溶于pH=8.5,20mM的Tris婚宠溶液中,配置得到2mg/mL的多巴胺溶液、2mg/mL的聚乙烯亚胺溶液和氧化石墨烯溶液,将多巴胺溶液、聚乙烯亚胺溶液和氧化石墨烯溶液搅拌混合,室温于400r/min搅拌6h,离心,保留固体物,干燥,得到改性石墨烯。
硅灰石制备例
制备例7
取硅灰石与水混合,超声分散15min,得到硅灰石溶液,40℃下将10kg水与1kg硅烷偶联剂DB550,超声分散30min,得到硅烷偶联剂溶液,向硅灰石溶液中滴加硅烷偶联剂溶液,室温搅拌30min,升温至70-80℃,继续搅拌2h,离心,保留固体物,干燥,制得改性硅灰石。
聚氨酯树脂制备例
制备例8-10
分别取蓖麻油、聚醚多元醇和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,具体质量见表1,取蓖麻油、聚醚多元醇于110℃真空脱水,降温至60℃,加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温至90℃反应3h,降温脱气出料,制得聚氨酯树脂1-聚氨酯树脂3。
表1制备例8-10溶液A组成
重量/kg | 制备例8 | 制备例9 | 制备例10 |
聚醚多元醇 | 84 | 81.9 | 80 |
二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯 | 6 | 8.1 | 10 |
蓖麻油 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
耐磨层涂料制备例
制备例11
取40kg聚氨酯树脂1、2kg分散剂和20kg稀释剂,加入物料罐,分散30min,向物料罐加入20kg颜填料、2kg抗氧剂、2kg消泡剂、2kg流平剂和2kg偶联剂,分散30min,砂磨研磨、研磨至细度<40μm,加入20kg稀释剂,高速分散15min,得到A组分;将80kg脂肪族多异氰酸酯固化剂、5kg促进剂和15kg稀释剂加入物料罐,高速分散15min,得到B组分;取3kg陶砂、10kg水、2kgγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷于80℃下,反应2h,过滤,洗涤,干燥,制得改性陶砂,即为C组分。
取40kgA组份、10kgB组分以及6kgC组分,搅拌混合,制得耐磨层涂料1。
制备例12
与制备例11的区别在于:采用等质量的聚氨酯树脂2,制备耐磨层涂料2。
制备例13
与制备例11的区别在于:采用等质量的聚氨酯树脂2,制备耐磨层涂料3。
实施例
实施例1-3
一方面,本申请提供一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,包括基材层,基材层包含以下物质:聚乙烯、纤维1、增容剂和硅灰石,硅灰石的粒径为1250目,具体质量见表2。
另一方面,本申请提供一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取增容剂、纤维和防腐剂搅拌混合,制得分散料,将分散料与聚乙烯混合,熔融挤出,拉伸,成型,制得隔离袋1-隔离袋3。
表2实施例1-3隔离袋组成
重量/kg | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
聚乙烯 | 50 | 60 | 70 |
纤维1 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
硅灰石 | 5 | 13 | 20 |
实施例4
与实施例3的区别在于:采用制备例7中制备的改性硅灰石,以替换实施例3中的硅灰石,制备隔离袋4。
实施例5
与实施例3的区别在于:采用制备例4中的纤维2,以代替实施例3中的纤维1,制备隔离袋5。
实施例6
与实施例3的区别在于:采用制备例5中的纤维3,以代替实施例3中的纤维1,制备隔离袋6。
实施例7
与实施例3的区别在于:取10kg硅灰石和10kg氧化石墨烯混合,作为防腐剂,以代替实施例3中的硅灰石,制备隔离袋7。
实施例8
与实施例3的区别在于:取10kg改性硅灰石和10kg氧化石墨烯混合,作为防腐剂,以代替实施例3中的硅灰石,制备隔离袋8。
实施例9
与实施例3的区别在于:取10kg改性硅灰石和10kg改性氧化石墨烯混合,作为防腐剂,以代替实施例3中的硅灰石,制备隔离袋9。
实施例10
与实施例3的区别在于:在基材层外涂覆耐磨层涂料1,干燥,制备隔离袋10。
实施例11
与实施例3的区别在于:在基材层外涂覆耐磨层涂料2,干燥,制备隔离袋11。
实施例12
与实施例3的区别在于:在基材层外涂覆耐磨层涂料3,干燥,制备隔离袋12。
对比例
对比例1
本对比例与实施例3的不同之处在于,本对比例中仅采用玻璃纤维作为纤维,制备隔离袋13。
对比例2
本对比例与实施例3的不同之处在于,本对比例中未添加防腐剂,制备隔离袋14。
性能检测试验
(1)拉伸强度以及冲击强度:拉伸强度与冲击强度按照《GB/T 13525-1992塑料拉伸冲击性能试验方法》进行测试,拉伸速率为10mm/min,V形缺口,500J摆锤。
(2)耐腐蚀性能测试:用近似海水盐度的3.5%NaCl溶液作为人工模拟海水溶液,制备尺寸150mm×10mm×4mm双铲型拉伸试样以及尺寸80mm×10mm×4mm缺口2mm的冲击试样;将试样浸泡在模拟海水溶液中,在28d及56d时取出试样,分别按GB/T1040—1992和GB/T1843—1980进行拉伸及冲击试验,观察试样的强度损失情况。
表3实施例1-3性能检测
结合表3性能检测对比可以发现:
(1)结合实施例1-3和对比例1对比可以发现:实施例1-3中制得的隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明本申请中采用玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维配添加至基材层中,通过软硬程度不同的纤维混合,协同提高基材层的拉伸强度、断裂韧性、冲击性能,降低隔离袋发生破裂的可能性。
(2)结合实施例1-3和对比例1对比可以发现:实施例1-3中制得的隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明本申请中添加了硅灰石,硅灰石具有较佳的白度、良好的介电性能、优良的热稳定性、耐酸碱且无毒环保,添加至聚乙烯中,通过自身的刚性的结构,能够阻止银纹、裂纹,在补强的同时,阻碍聚乙烯的开裂,即进一步延长隔离袋的使用寿命。
此外,通过硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的牢固结合,能够密封隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋内外能够有效隔离,降低隔离袋内的液体渗出的可能性。并且硅灰石与纤维之间能够形成相互负载的结构,能够共同在聚乙烯中形成交错的网络结构,提高隔离袋的韧性、强度的同时,密闭隔离袋上的微细孔隙结构,使得隔离袋在获得优良强度的同时,获得较佳的防渗透效果。
(3)结合实施例4和实施例3对比可以发现:实施例4中制得的预膜剂的预膜效果和缓蚀效果有所提升,隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明本申请采用硅烷偶联剂对硅灰石进行改性处理,在硅灰石表面负载硅烷基团,降低硅灰石的表面能,提高硅灰石与聚乙烯之间的相容性,提高硅灰石在聚乙烯中的分散均匀性,降低硅灰石团聚导致基材层耐腐蚀性不均的可能性。此外,通过硅烷偶联剂的改性后,硅灰石能够进一步负载于纤维上,即增大纤维网络的接触面积,进一步提高纤维与聚乙烯之间的结合牢固性,密封纤维与聚乙烯之间产生的界面缺陷,进一步提高基材层的强度。
(4)结合实施例5-6和实施例3对比可以发现:实施例5-6中制得的预膜剂的预膜效果和缓蚀效果有所提升,隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明由于连续玻璃纤维以连续形式存在,能够充分发挥玻璃纤维优良的力学性能,有效改善隔离袋的力学性能。并且连续纤维更易在基材层中构筑交联的网络结构,改善隔离袋的韧性以及强度。
(5)结合实施例7-9和实施例3对比可以发现:实施例7-9中制得的预膜剂的预膜效果和缓蚀效果有所提升,隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明本申请在防腐剂中添加氧化石墨烯,氧化石墨烯的二维片状结构能够阻隔腐蚀介质渗入基体,延长腐蚀介质扩散介质,提高隔离袋的耐腐蚀效果。通过聚多巴胺与聚乙烯亚胺进行修饰改性,首先在氧化石墨烯表面形成粘附层,并在氧化石墨烯表面引入大量活性官能基团,能够有效强化氧化石墨烯与基材层之间的界面粘结强度,降低界面缺陷引起的腐蚀扩展现象。
(6)结合实施例10-12和实施例3对比可以发现:实施例10-12中制得的预膜剂的预膜效果和缓蚀效果有所提升,隔离袋的耐腐蚀性以及强度均有所提升,这说明本申请在基材层外设置耐磨层,通过陶砂或碳酸钙作为耐磨粒子,陶砂具有较低的密度以及质量,形成质轻且耐磨性优异的耐磨层,降低了隔离袋装载尸体后发生摩擦至破损的可能性,进而隔离袋内液体不易外露产生污染,延长隔离袋的使用寿命。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (9)
1.一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于,包括基材层,所述基材层以下重量份物质:50-70份聚乙烯、30-40份纤维、5-20份增容剂和5-10份防腐剂,所述防腐剂包括硅灰石,所述纤维包括玻璃纤维、秸秆纤维和竹原纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述防腐剂还包括氧化石墨烯,所述氧化石墨烯为经聚多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺交联修饰的改性石墨烯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述改性石墨烯的制备方法包括以下步骤:取氧化石墨烯、聚多巴胺和聚乙烯亚胺分别溶于缓冲溶液中,搅拌混合,离心分离,保留沉淀物,水洗,干燥得到改性石墨烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述玻璃纤维为连续玻璃纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述增容剂选自马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸钠共聚物中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述硅灰石为经硅烷偶联剂DB550改性处理的硅灰石。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述基材层外设有耐磨层,所述耐磨层包括聚氨酯树脂、耐磨填料和助剂,所述耐磨填料选自陶砂或碳酸钙。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋,其特征在于:所述聚氨酯树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:取蓖麻油、聚醚多元醇真空脱水,降温,加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温反应,降温脱气出料,制得聚氨酯树脂。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的一种纤维增韧聚乙烯尸体隔离袋的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:取增容剂、纤维和防腐剂搅拌混合,制得分散料,将分散料与聚乙烯混合,熔融挤出,拉伸,成型,制得隔离袋。
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